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Aina OO, Busari AA, Oladele DA, Esezobor C, Akase IE, Okwuraiwe AP, Okoyenta CO, Otrofanowei E, James AB, Bamidele TA, Olopade OB, Ajibaye O, Musa AZ, Salako AO, Agabi OP, Olakiigbe AK, Akintan PE, Amoo OS, Ima-Edomwonyi E, Raheem TY, David AN, Akinbode GO, Nmadu N, Osuolale KA, Fadipe B, Abiola A, Tade T, Audu RA, Adeyemo WL, Ezechi OC, Bode C, Salako BL. Preliminary Study on Open Labelled Randomized Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Phosphate for the Treatment of Persons Infected with 2019 Coronavirus Disease in Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:1049-1059. [PMID: 37906618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a causative agent of COVID-19 is a leading cause of ill-health and deaths worldwide. Currently, COVID-19 has no known widely approved therapeutics. Thus, the need for effective treatment. OBJECTIVES We investigated the safety and efficacy of two (2) therapeutic agents; chloroquine phosphate (CQ), 2- hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and a control (standard supportive therapy) among hospitalized adults with COVID-19. METHODS The clinical trial was done in accordance to the World Health Organization master protocol for investigational therapeutics for COVID-19. Atotal of 40 participants with laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 were enrolled. Blood samples and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were obtained on days 1,3,15 and 29 for safety and efficacy assessments. RESULTS The baseline demographics showed that the median ages in years (range) were 45 (31-57) in CQ, 45 (36.5-60.5) in HCQ, 43 (39.5-67.0) and 44.5 (25.3-51.3) in the control (P<0.042).At randomization, seven (7) participants were asymptomatic, thirty-three (33) had mild symptoms, eight (8) had moderate symptoms while three (3) had severe symptoms. The average day of conversion to negative COVID-19 was 15.5 days for CQ, 16 days for HCQ and 18 days for the control(P=0.036). CONCLUSION The safety assessment revealed no adverse effect of the drugs in COVID-19 patients after treatment. These findings proved that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are effective for the treatment of COVID-19 among hospitalized adults. It also confirmed that they are safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Aina
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A A Busari
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - D A Oladele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C Esezobor
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I E Akase
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A P Okwuraiwe
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C O Okoyenta
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Otrofanowei
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A B James
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T A Bamidele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O B Olopade
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Ajibaye
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Z Musa
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A O Salako
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O P Agabi
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A K Olakiigbe
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - P E Akintan
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O S Amoo
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Ima-Edomwonyi
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Y Raheem
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A N David
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - G O Akinbode
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - N Nmadu
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - K A Osuolale
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B Fadipe
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Abiola
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Tade
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - R A Audu
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - W L Adeyemo
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O C Ezechi
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C Bode
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B L Salako
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
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Brohan E, Thornicroft G, Rüsch N, Lasalvia A, Campbell MM, Yalçınkaya-Alkar Ö, Lanfredi M, Ochoa S, Üçok A, Tomás C, Fadipe B, Sebes J, Fiorillo A, Sampogna G, Paula CS, Valverde L, Schomerus G, Klemm P, Ouali U, Castelein S, Alexová A, Oexle N, Guimarães PN, Sportel BE, Chang CC, Li J, Shanthi C, Reneses B, Bakolis I, Evans-Lacko S. Measuring discrimination experienced by people with a mental illness: replication of the short-form DISCUS in six world regions. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3963-3973. [PMID: 35351228 PMCID: PMC10317801 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC) is a patient-reported outcome measure which assesses experiences of discrimination among persons with a mental illness globally. METHODS This study evaluated whether the psychometric properties of a short-form version, DISC-Ultra Short (DISCUS) (11-item), could be replicated in a sample of people with a wide range of mental disorders from 21 sites in 15 countries/territories, across six global regions. The frequency of experienced discrimination was reported. Scaling assumptions (confirmatory factor analysis, inter-item and item-total correlations), reliability (internal consistency) and validity (convergent validity, known groups method) were investigated in each region, and by diagnosis group. RESULTS 1195 people participated. The most frequently reported experiences of discrimination were being shunned or avoided at work (48.7%) and discrimination in making or keeping friends (47.2%). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional model across all six regions and five diagnosis groups. Convergent validity was confirmed in the total sample and within all regions [ Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI-10): 0.28-0.67, stopping self: 0.54-0.72, stigma consciousness: -0.32-0.57], as was internal consistency reliability (α = 0.74-0.84). Known groups validity was established in the global sample with levels of experienced discrimination significantly higher for those experiencing higher depression [Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2: p < 0.001], lower mental wellbeing [Warwick-Edinburgh Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): p < 0.001], higher suicidal ideation [Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)-4: p < 0.001] and higher risk of suicidal behaviour [Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS): p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS The DISCUS is a reliable and valid unidimensional measure of experienced discrimination for use in global settings with similar properties to the longer DISC. It offers a brief assessment of experienced discrimination for use in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Brohan
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Rüsch
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University and BKH Günzburg, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Megan M. Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | | | - Mariangela Lanfredi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Susana Ochoa
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alp Üçok
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Catarina Tomás
- Department of Nursing Sciences, School of Health Sciences of Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (Innovation & Development in Nursing), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Babatunde Fadipe
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Julia Sebes
- Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy-Rehabilitation Department, National Medical Rehabilitation Institute Szanatórium u. 19. 1121 Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania, L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania, L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Leonidas Valverde
- Developmental Disorder Program, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pia Klemm
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uta Ouali
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital La Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Stynke Castelein
- Lentis Research, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aneta Alexová
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nathalie Oexle
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University and BKH Günzburg, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Patrícia Neves Guimarães
- Department of Mental and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Bouwina Esther Sportel
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Chih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Health Psychology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jie Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chilasagaram Shanthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Nizamabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Blanca Reneses
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Institute of Biomedical Research (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ioannis Bakolis
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Ogunwale A, Fadipe B, Bifarin O. Indigenous mental healthcare and human rights abuses in Nigeria: The role of cultural syntonicity and stigmatization. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1122396. [PMID: 37427251 PMCID: PMC10327483 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1122396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Indigenous mental healthcare using traditional non-western methods termed "unorthodox approaches" has been observed in Nigeria historically. This has been largely due to a cultural preference for spiritual or mystical rather than biomedical formulations of mental disorder. Yet, there have been recent concerns about human rights abuses within such treatment settings as well as their tendency to perpetuate stigmatization. Aim The aim of this review was to examine the cultural framework for indigenous mental healthcare in Nigeria, the role of stigmatization in its utilization and interrogate the issues of human rights abuses within a public mental health context. Methods This is a non-systematic narrative review of published literature on mental disorders, mental health service utilization, cultural issues, stigma, and indigenous mental healthcare. Media and advocacy reports related to human rights abuses in indigenous mental health treatment settings were also examined. International conventions on human rights and torture, national criminal legislation, constitutional provisions on fundamental rights and medical ethics guidelines relevant to patient care within the country were examined in order to highlight provisions regarding human rights abuses within the context of care. Results Indigenous mental healthcare in Nigeria is culturally syntonic, has a complex interaction with stigmatization and is associated with incidents of human rights abuses especially torture of different variants. Three systemic responses to indigenous mental healthcare in Nigeria include: orthodox dichotomization, interactive dimensionalization, and collaborative shared care. Conclusions: Indigenous mental healthcare is endemic in Nigeria. Orthodox dichotomization is unlikely to produce a meaningful care response. Interactive dimensionalization provides a realistic psychosocial explanation for the utilization of indigenous mental healthcare. Collaborative shared care involving measured collaboration between orthodox mental health practitioners and indigenous mental health systems offers an effective as well as cost-effective intervention strategy. It reduces harmful effects of indigenous mental healthcare including human rights abuses and offers patients a culturally appropriate response to their problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegboyega Ogunwale
- Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oladayo Bifarin
- School of Nursing and Advanced Practice, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, North West England, United Kingdom
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Ogunnubi OP, Aina FO, Busari CO, Fatiregun O, Fadipe B, Adegbohun AA, Oni OD. From ideation to attempt: A study of suicidality and its correlates amongst patients with schizophrenia in a resource-poor country. S Afr J Psychiatr 2022; 28:1547. [PMID: 35169504 PMCID: PMC8831998 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oluseun P Ogunnubi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Francis O Aina
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Cecilia O Busari
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olamijulo Fatiregun
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Clinical Services, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Fadipe
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Clinical Services, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abosede A Adegbohun
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Clinical Services, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Osunwale D Oni
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Clinical Services, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Fadipe B, Oshodi YO, Umeh C, Aikomo K, Ajirotutu OF, Kajero J, Fashanu C, Adeoye AA, Coker AO, Sokunbi M, Nyamali VO, Ajomale T, Gbadebo A, Oni A, Keshinro AO, Ngozi Ejiegbu TA, Bowale A, Akase IE, Mutiu B, Adebayo B, Abdus-Salam I, Bode C, Osibogun A. Psychosocial health effects of Covid-19 infection on persons in treatment centers in Lagos, Nigeria. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100284. [PMID: 34151305 PMCID: PMC8205258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prior research has highlighted the psychosocial impact of infectious diseases on individuals and the community at large. However, little is known about the psychosocial implications of COVID-19. This study set out to determine the rate as well as correlates of anxiety and depressive symptoms among persons managed as in-patients for COVID-19 in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and methods We conducted an online survey between April to June ending 2020 using a consecutive sampling technique of persons positive for COVID-19 and who were managed as in-patients across five (5) treatment centres in Lagos, Nigeria. The survey collected information on demographic as well as clinical data including suicidality. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results There were one hundred and sixty participants in total. The mean age of respondents was 36.4 (±9.7) years with a higher proportion (56.9%) being males. With regards to diagnosis, 28.1% and 27.5% of the respondents were categorised as probable cases of depression and anxiety respectively, while 3.8% respondents reported suicidal ideation. Majority of the respondents (61.9%) reported the fear of infecting their loved ones. The variables that showed association with psychiatric morbidity were a past history of an emotional concern, employment status, guilt about infecting others and boredom. Conclusion This study revealed a high burden of psychological/psychiatric morbidity among persons treated for COVID-19, particularly persons who have had prior emotional concerns. The findings from this study reiterate the need to pay attention to the mental health of people during disease outbreaks and to incorporate psychosocial interventions as part of the management package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Fadipe
- Dept of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Yewande O Oshodi
- Dept of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Charles Umeh
- Dept of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Aikomo
- Dept of Medical Social Work, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Ayodele Olurotimi Coker
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Tolu Ajomale
- Lagos State Ministry of Health, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Adedapo Oni
- Dept of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Iorhen E Akase
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Mutiu
- Lagos State Biobank, Mainland Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bisola Adebayo
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Chris Bode
- Department of Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akin Osibogun
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Fadipe B, Olagunju AT, Ogunwale A, Fadipe YO, Adebowale TO. Self-stigma and decision about medication use among a sample of Nigerian outpatients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Rehabil J 2020; 43:214-224. [PMID: 32191103 DOI: 10.1037/prj0000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-stigma is a common barrier to maintenance therapy and recovery in schizophrenia. We investigated the prevalence of the decision not to use medication as prescribed and describe the multidimensional relationship of self-stigma with such a decision in 370 adults with schizophrenia. METHOD A multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between specific aspects of self-stigma (alienation, perceived discrimination, stigma resistance, stereotype endorsement and social withdrawal) and the decision not to take medication, while controlling for other clinical variables. RESULTS Of the total study participants, 16.5% reported high self-stigma while 39.2% decided not to use their medications. The decision not to use medication was associated with a high self-stigma global score, alienation, perceived discrimination and stigma resistance. Stereotype endorsement and social withdrawal did not demonstrate a relationship with nonuse of medication. Following regression analysis, the decision not to use medication was associated with self-stigma, especially high alienation and perceived discrimination, and other factors including medication side effects, worse psychopathology, not living alone, poor 24-hr medication use recall, and absence of medical comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Medication nonuse and self-stigma are prevalent and interrelated in patients on maintenance therapy for schizophrenia. Obtaining routine information during follow-up appointments about medication use including side effects, the symptom profile, and conducting a focused stigma screening can inform clinical discussions regarding medication use in a shared decision-making process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Ololade KO, Alabi A, Fadipe B, Adegboyega B. The ‘evil arrow’ myths and misconceptions of cancer at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. South African Journal of Oncology 2019. [DOI: 10.4102/sajo.v3i0.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Olagunju AT, Fadipe B, Buraimoh RW, Ale OK, Umeizudike TI, Ogbolu RE, Buyinza N, Bayuo J, Mutedzi B, Nkhoma K, Namisango E, Bristowe K, Yi D, Downing J, Aina OF, Adeyemi JD, Murtagh FEM, Harding R. A longitudinal cohort study of symptoms and other concerns among Nigerian people with stages 3-5 chronic kidney diseases: study protocol. Ann Palliat Med 2018; 8:190-198. [PMID: 30525769 DOI: 10.21037/apm.2018.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of symptoms and other concerns in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be high, adversely affecting the quality of life of the growing number of those with this condition in developing countries. In this paper, we describe the protocol of a longitudinal observational study among people living with CKD. The study is developed to assess the bio-psychosocial factors associated with palliative care symptoms and concerns, and pattern of health services usage among Nigerians with stages 3-5 CKD. The overall objective is to establish the evidence-base for advocacy and policy formulation, treatment guidelines, care and services, and future clinical trial studies. METHODS This is a multi-center study to investigate the longitudinal course of symptoms and other concerns among patients with stages 3-5 CKD in Nigeria. Interviewer administered and self-report measures at baseline (T0) and 3-month (T1) address socio-demographic characteristics, clinical-illness related information, palliative care-related symptoms and other concerns, pattern of formal or informal service usage, and bio psychosocial measures including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), anxiety, depression, quality of life, functioning, social support and spiritual wellbeing. DISCUSSION This study represents the first longitudinal investigation of palliative care symptoms and concerns among people with CKD in Nigeria. It includes early stages of CKD in compliance with best practices, and a comprehensive range of bio-psychosocial outcomes to understand how these factors are associated with symptoms. This study will provide evidence for how best to integrate palliative care into management of CKD to improve care and quality of life of people with CKD. The study team welcomes collaborations with both national and international researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. ;
| | - Babatunde Fadipe
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Rotimi W Buraimoh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olagoke K Ale
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Raphael E Ogbolu
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nasur Buyinza
- Institute of Hospice and Palliative Care in Africa (Hospice Africa Uganda), Makindye, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jonathan Bayuo
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Presbyterian University College, Abetefi, Ghana
| | | | - Kennedy Nkhoma
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
| | - Eve Namisango
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK; African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Katherine Bristowe
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
| | - Deokhee Yi
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
| | - Julia Downing
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK; 0International Children's Palliative Care Network (ICPCN), Bristol, UK
| | - Olatunji F Aina
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joseph D Adeyemi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Fliss E M Murtagh
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK; Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Richard Harding
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, London, UK
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Olagunju AT, Oluwaniyi SO, Fadipe B, Ogunnubi OP, Oni OD, Aina OF, Chaimowitz GA. Mental health services in Nigerian prisons: Lessons from a four-year review and the literature. Int J Law Psychiatry 2018; 58:79-86. [PMID: 29853016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Forensic and correctional mental health services may constitute an important "safety net" for the mentally ill and can ensure a degree of public protection. The increasing prison populations and shift towards humane care of the mentally ill that encompasses promotion of human rights, community re-integration, utilitarian safety and operation of internationally comparable mental health legislations underscore the need to appraise correctional psychiatry services, especially in resource-restricted settings. We present findings from a review of the literature and from mental health services provided to 179 inmates in two Nigerian urban prisons. The mental health services spanned four years and allowed a focus on important issues deserving urgent attention. The mean age of participants was 33.10 years (SD = 9.91) and majority (86.6%) were males. The common clinical diagnoses among participants were schizophrenia (49.3%) and mood disorders (29.6%), while approximately half (46.5%) used psychoactive substances. About one-fifth was evaluated as having high risk for violence-dangerousness based solely on clinical evaluation. The majority (88.4%) presented with a first episode of mental illness, and 14% had a prior correctional history. Gender, marital status and hallucinatory experiences were associated with a high risk of dangerousness (p < 0.05), while gender, use of psychoactive substances, previous history of mental disorders and depot medication indexed participants more likely to have a previous forensic history (p < 0.05). Considering the current findings, we advocate for inclusion of validated tools in risk assessments, multipronged intervention strategy to address the unmet needs of prisoners and improved attention to forensic and correctional mental health in relevant policy-law, service-planning, research and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Toyin Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria; Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, 57 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | | | - Babatunde Fadipe
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluseun Peter Ogunnubi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Osunwale Dahunsi Oni
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olatunji Francis Aina
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003 Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Gary Andrew Chaimowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Fadipe B, Adebowale TO, Ogunwale A, Fadipe YO, Ojeyinka AHA, Olagunju AT. Internalized stigma in schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and predictors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1450431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Fadipe
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Timothy O. Adebowale
- Department of Clinical Services, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega Ogunwale
- Department of Clinical Services, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Yetunde O. Fadipe
- Department of Family Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Andrew T. Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Fadipe B, Oyelohunnu MA, Olagunju AT, Aina OF, Akinbode AA, Suleiman TF. Disordered eating attitudes: demographic and clinico-anthropometric correlates among a sample of Nigerian students. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:513-523. [PMID: 29062348 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We set out in this study to determine the demographic and clinico-anthropometric correlates of disordered eating attitudes among undergraduate students of two higher institutions in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 1,054 participants after written informed consent. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were administered to the participants. In addition, their blood pressure, height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. RESULTS The study participants comprised of 561(55.6%) males with median age of 21.4 years. The mean (±SD) score on EAT-26 was 11.52(±8.54), and 16% of all the respondents were categorized as having disordered eating attitude. A significant relationship was found between disordered eating attitude and age (p= 0.027), gender (p= <0.001), institution of study (p= 0.005), systolic blood pressure (p=0.019), BMI (p= 0.027) and psychological distress (p=0.005). CONCLUSION Our study observed disordered eating attitude to be prevalent among young adults, and demographic along with clinico-anthropometric factors constituted associated factors. Our findings strengthen the basis to incorporate health awareness programs aimed at improving nutrition and eating behavior among the young adult population. Future research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Fadipe
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB12003, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Andrew Toyin Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB12003, Lagos, Nigeria
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Olatunji Francis Aina
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB12003, Lagos, Nigeria
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Adebayo RA, Olagunju AT, Olutoki MO, Fadipe B, Oduguwa TO, Lawal RA. A FOUR-YEAR REVIEW OF GERIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES. IN A LAGOS BASED HOSPITAL, NIGERIA. Ethiop Med J 2016; 54:125-135. [PMID: 29115781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing global concern about the public health implications of the increasing population of the elderly. One main issue of concern is centered on how to address their mental health needs using homegrown interventions and services. We expect that important lessons on geriatric mental health issues would be brought to fore in this report. METHODS This is a four-year (2007-2011) retrospective report on the mental health services rendered to 938 clients aged 60 years and above at a Lagos based mental health treatment facility in Nigeria. Designed questionnaires were filled with socio-demographic and clinical data obtained from patients case notes based on the objectives of the study. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) age of elders was (±7.93) 69.6 years, and 65.5% were females. Majority were married, self-employed and belonged to low socio-economic status (73.1%, 63.1% and 63.2%, respectively). Close to two-thirds (62.4%) commute for at least one hour to get treatment. The commonest diagnosis was psychotic disorders (34.8%), while 5.5% had Alzheimer’s dementia. Some 96.5% of the elders were solely on medications. About a quarter had past history of mental illness and 48.5% reported co-morbid medical conditions, with cardiovascular problems (53.0%) being the commonest physical comorbidity. The middle old along with very old elders (aged≥70 years), and those with at least tertiary education, were more likely to present with dementia were more likely to present with index episode of mental illness and receive outpatient care CONCLUSION The elders were managed for a wide range of treatable mental illnesses and other comorbidities and commute for hours to access care. Pharmacotherapy was the preponderant sole treatment modality. There is need for sustained development of expertise to enhance multimodal care and scaling up of comprehensive geriatric mental health services. Further research is needed on how to appropriately link and/or integrate geriatric care with services at all-tiers of health care delivery.
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Erinfolami AR, Olagunju AT, Oshodi YO, Akinbode AA, Fadipe B, Adeyemo WL. Psychological distress and emotional pain among adult attendees of a dental clinic: a case-control study. Ment Illn 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/mi.2016.6006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We set out to carry out a case-control evaluation of psychological distress and emotional pain among adult attendees of a Nigerian dental clinic. A total of 201 subjects, made up of 101 dental patients (test group) matched with age and sex with 100 normal subjects (controls), was recruited into the study. All participants completed a designed socio-demographic questionnaire. General Health Question naire and Psyche ache Assessment Schedule were also administered to assess psychological distress based on cut-off scores ?3 and emotional pain based on cut-off scores ?28 respectively. The mean ages of study and control group were 33 (±12) and 36 (±13) years respectively, and both study and control groups were not significantly different in all the assessed socio-demographic parameters. Overall, 21.8% (n=22) of the subjects had psychological distress, while only 7% of the control group had psychological distress. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.003). Similarly, there was significant difference in the experience of psyche ache (unbearable psychological pain) as over a third of the dental patients (37.6%, n=38) had emotional pain, while only 13% of the controls experienced psych ache (P<0.001). In this study, the burden of psychological distress and emotional pain was many-fold in dental patients when compared with the controls.
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Erinfolami AR, Olagunju AT, Oshodi YO, Akinbode AA, Fadipe B, Adeyemo WL. Psychological Distress and Emotional Pain Among Adult Attendees of a Dental Clinic: A Case-Control Study. Ment Illn 2016; 8:6006. [PMID: 27403272 PMCID: PMC4926031 DOI: 10.4081/mi.2016.6006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We set out to carry out a case-control evaluation of psychological distress and emotional pain among adult attendees of a Nigerian dental clinic. A total of 201 subjects, made up of 101 dental patients (test group) matched with age and sex with 100 normal subjects (controls), was recruited into the study. All participants completed a designed socio-demographic questionnaire. General Health Question naire and Psyche ache Assessment Schedule were also administered to assess psychological distress based on cut-off scores ≥3 and emotional pain based on cut-off scores ≥28 respectively. The mean ages of study and control group were 33 (±12) and 36 (±13) years respectively, and both study and control groups were not significantly different in all the assessed socio-demographic parameters. Overall, 21.8% (n=22) of the subjects had psychological distress, while only 7% of the control group had psychological distress. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.003). Similarly, there was significant difference in the experience of psyche ache (unbearable psychological pain) as over a third of the dental patients (37.6%, n=38) had emotional pain, while only 13% of the controls experienced psych ache (P<0.001). In this study, the burden of psychological distress and emotional pain was many-fold in dental patients when compared with the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Babatunde Fadipe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos , Nigeria
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Olagunju AT, Aina OF, Fadipe B. Screening for depression with Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised and its implication for consultation-liaison psychiatry practice among cancer subjects: a perspective from a developing country. Psychooncology 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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