The functional movement screening (fms)™: an inter-rater reliability study between raters of varied experience

BACKGROUND

Previous researchers have reported on the reliability of the scoring of the FMS™ movement screens. Those authors have reported good to excellent inter-rater reliability between paired raters of similar experience level (either novice or expert), but no comparisons of inter-rater reliability exist between a novice and an expert.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the inter-rater reliability of the scoring of the FMS™ between trained novices and an expert rater using video records.

METHODS

Twenty healthy college students participated. Each participant performed the series of seven functional movement screens. Four raters (three novices and one expert) independently scored the seven FMS™ tests by watching video recordings of the movements..

RESULTS

The mean total FMS™ score for all subjects was 14.6 ± 1.9, and was not significantly different between raters (p = 0.136). For the individual tests, half of them had perfect agreement, while the other half ranged from slight to moderate agreement (33-66%).

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

Total FMS™ scores were similar among the raters, and the inter-rater reliability for a majority of the individual tests had as strong agreement despite the various level of experience of the raters scoring the FMS™ tests.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Although there was mostly moderate to perfect agreement among raters, the level of experience of the rater scoring the FMS™ should be considered, as it appears that the expert rater was more critical than novice raters in the interpretation of the scoring criteria.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level 3.

Sideline management of acute dislocation of the glenohumeral joint- a unique approach to athlete self-reduction

The acute anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint (GHJ) poses a challenge to sports medicine providers at all levels and in all settings. This macrotraumatic injury occurs in athletes who participate in a wide variety of sports, most typically as a result of contact or collision mechanisms. Quick and effective relocation of the GHJ is an important skill for on the sideline or on the field management of this type of dislocation when appropriate and allowable by facility protocol. This clinical suggestion describes one possible technique for athlete self-reduction that may be appropriate in some circumstances. This is in contrast to forcible reduction by the health professional, which is outside of the scope of this clinical commentary.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

5.

The Effects of Open versus Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on Patients with ACL Deficient or Reconstructed Knees: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND

There is no consensus among the existing published evidence as to whether closed kinetic chain (CKC) or open kinetic chain (OKC) exercises should be the intervention of choice following an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury or reconstruction. The commonly held belief has been that OKC exercises cause increased strain on the ACL as well as increased joint laxity and anterior tibial translation.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effects of OKC and CKC exercises on the knees of patients with ACL deficiency or reconstruction.

DATA SOURCES

MEDLINE, ProQuest Medical Library, and CINAHL STUDY SELECTION: Six articles were chosen for inclusion in the systematic review. The authors narrowed 50 articles down to 6 by review of titles and abstracts. Included articles were randomized controlled trials written in English, published during 2000-2008, that evaluated the effects of OKC and CKC exercises on ACL deficient or reconstructed knees.

DATA EXTRACTION

Quality of the included studies was defined by the PEDro scale(1), which has been found to be reliable.(2)

DATA SYNTHESIS

Scores on the PEDro scale(1) ranged from 4-6/10. One article found positive significant effects with inclusion of OKC exercises in the rehabilitation program and another found significant benefits with combining OKC and CKC exercises. CKC exercises alone were not found by any studies to be superior to OKC exercises.

CONCLUSION

These studies reveal favorable results for utilization of both open and closed kinetic chain exercises for intervention with ACL deficient or reconstructed knees. However, further research needs to be completed.

The Female Collegiate Cross-Country Runner: Nutritional Knowledge and Attitudes

OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional knowledge and attitudes of the female collegiate cross-country runner. Awareness of the deficient areas of nutritional knowledge, important in performance and healing, may assist professionals in educating female runners. DESIGN AND SETTING: In this descriptive study, subjects completed a nutritional questionnaire with both quantitative and qualitative components. In a 9-day period, the nutritional questionnaire was administered at 6 colleges and universities in Illinois and Michigan. SUBJECTS: The convenience sample included female collegiate cross-country runners (N = 60). Overall compliance rate was 61% (60 out of 99). MEASUREMENTS: Our questionnaire included a demographics section, 76 Likert-scale true-false questions, and 7 open-ended questions. True-false questions were divided into subscales of 3 or more questions based on the topic. Statistical analyses focused on quantitative analysis. RESULTS: Runners who completed a nutrition course in college scored significantly higher overall. Runners scored significantly higher in the knowledge for the athlete component than in the general knowledge component. Several specific areas of deficient nutritional knowledge were identified. Overall, the mean of the runners' total positive responses for the attitudes component of the questionnaire was 90.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the female collegiate cross-country runner lacks nutritional knowledge critical to preventing nutrition-related health problems. Because most of the runners in our study exhibited positive attitudes toward nutrition, female collegiate cross-country runners may be receptive to nutritional education.