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Peeters WM, Gram M, Dias GJ, Vissers MCM, Hampton MB, Dickerhof N, Bekhit AE, Black MJ, Oxbøll J, Bayer S, Dickens M, Vitzel K, Sheard PW, Danielson KM, Hodges LD, Brønd JC, Bond J, Perry BG, Stoner L, Cornwall J, Rowlands DS. Changes to insulin sensitivity in glucose clearance systems and redox following dietary supplementation with a novel cysteine-rich protein: A pilot randomized controlled trial in humans with type-2 diabetes. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102918. [PMID: 37812879 PMCID: PMC10570009 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently developed a novel keratin-derived protein (KDP) rich in cysteine, glycine, and arginine, with the potential to alter tissue redox status and insulin sensitivity. The KDP was tested in 35 human adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a 14-wk randomised controlled pilot trial comprising three 2×20 g supplemental protein/day arms: KDP-whey (KDPWHE), whey (WHEY), non-protein isocaloric control (CON), with standardised exercise. Outcomes were measured morning fasted and following insulin-stimulation (80 mU/m2/min hyperinsulinaemic-isoglycaemic clamp). With KDPWHE supplementation there was good and very-good evidence for moderate-sized increases in insulin-stimulated glucose clearance rate (GCR; 26%; 90% confidence limits, CL 2%, 49%) and skeletal-muscle microvascular blood flow (46%; 16%, 83%), respectively, and good evidence for increased insulin-stimulated sarcoplasmic GLUT4 translocation (18%; 0%, 39%) vs CON. In contrast, WHEY did not effect GCR (-2%; -25%, 21%) and attenuated HbA1c lowering (14%; 5%, 24%) vs CON. KDPWHE effects on basal glutathione in erythrocytes and skeletal muscle were unclear, but in muscle there was very-good evidence for large increases in oxidised peroxiredoxin isoform 2 (oxiPRX2) (19%; 2.2%, 35%) and good evidence for lower GPx1 concentrations (-40%; -4.3%, -63%) vs CON; insulin stimulation, however, attenuated the basal oxiPRX2 response (4%; -16%, 24%), and increased GPx1 (39%; -5%, 101%) and SOD1 (26%; -3%, 60%) protein expression. Effects of KDPWHE on oxiPRX3 and NRF2 content, phosphorylation of capillary eNOS and insulin-signalling proteins upstream of GLUT4 translocation AktSer437 and AS160Thr642 were inconclusive, but there was good evidence for increased IRSSer312 (41%; 3%, 95%), insulin-stimulated NFκB-DNA binding (46%; 3.4%, 105%), and basal PAK-1Thr423/2Thr402 phosphorylation (143%; 66%, 257%) vs WHEY. Our findings provide good evidence to suggest that dietary supplementation with a novel edible keratin protein in humans with T2DM may increase glucose clearance and modify skeletal-muscle tissue redox and insulin sensitivity within systems involving peroxiredoxins, antioxidant expression, and glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Peeters
- Metabolic and Microvascular Laboratory, School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Science, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - M Gram
- Metabolic and Microvascular Laboratory, School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - G J Dias
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M C M Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - N Dickerhof
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A E Bekhit
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M J Black
- Metabolic and Microvascular Laboratory, School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Oxbøll
- Metabolic and Microvascular Laboratory, School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Bayer
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Dickens
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - K Vitzel
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P W Sheard
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - K M Danielson
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgery, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - L D Hodges
- Metabolic and Microvascular Laboratory, School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J C Brønd
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J Bond
- Metabolic and Microvascular Laboratory, School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B G Perry
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - J Cornwall
- Centre for Early Learning in Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - D S Rowlands
- Metabolic and Microvascular Laboratory, School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington, Auckland, New Zealand.
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M H S, P E H, C F, S B, J I K, N K BD, N C R, N J T, R B G. Economic living standard and abdominal pain mediate the association between functional gastrointestinal disorders and depression or anxiety. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14465. [PMID: 36153804 PMCID: PMC10078407 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common and cause significant morbidity. Psychiatric comorbidities associated with FGIDs include anxiety and depression. However, little is understood about the factors that modulate this association. The aim of this study was to examine the association between FGIDs and depression and anxiety, and to determine the covariates influencing this association in a New Zealand cohort. METHODS The Christchurch IBS cOhort to investigate Mechanisms FOr gut Relief and improved Transit (COMFORT) study is an observational case-control study that recruited FGID cases and healthy controls between 2016 and 2018. In addition to the collection of a wide range of biological samples, participants completed questionnaires concerning socioeconomic status, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, anxiety, and depression (the latter two measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score [HADS]). A multivariate analysis was performed using the significant covariates from the univariate analyses to test whether their effect was independently significant on anxiety and depression. KEY RESULTS A total of 315 participants (57 with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), 30 with constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), 41 with mixed-IBS (IBS-M), 16 with functional diarrhea (FD), 42 with functional constipation (FC), and 129 controls); mean age 53 years (range 18-70 years), 221 (70%) female) completed the questionnaires. Anxiety (odds ratio [OR] 2.85 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64-4.94, p < 0.01) and depression (OR 3.40 [95% CI 1.35-8.55, p = 0.01]) were strongly associated with FGID cases versus controls. Lower economic living status (p < 0.01) was an independent covariate associated with depression, while lower economic living status (p < 0.005) and abdominal pain (p = 0.005) were both independently associated with anxiety. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In addition to the established associations between FGIDs and anxiety and depression, we have shown that the economic standard of living, pain, and IBS phenotype are significant independent covariates. This study demonstrates the range of lifestyle and demographic factors that modulate morbidity associated with FGIDs and may provide targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M H
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AGEM research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heenan P E
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frampton C
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Bayer S
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keenan J I
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Boer de N K
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AGEM research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roy N C
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Talley N J
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian Gastrointestinal Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gearry R B
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
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Yilmaz N, Demirtas N, Kazancioglu HO, Bayer S, Acar AH, Mihmanli A. The efficacy of hyaluronic acid in postextraction sockets of impacted third molars: A pilot study. Niger J Clin Pract 2018; 20:1626-1631. [PMID: 29378998 DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.224131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of local hyaluronic acid (HA) administration to surgically remove impacted third molar sockets and measure pain, swelling, and trismus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included a total of 25 healthy patients aged 18-29 years with asymptomatic bilaterally impacted lower third molars. All cases have been performed under local anesthesia. In the study group, 0.8% HA (Gengigel®) was applied in the postextraction sockets of the right third molars and in the control group nothing was applied to the extraction sockets of the left third molars. Postoperative pain, trismus, and swelling were evaluated on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative days. RESULTS No difference was determined between groups in facial swelling and maximum mouth opening. However, the amount of pain significantly reduced in HA groups according to visual analog scale (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that HA can produce an analgesic action in postextraction sockets after surgical removal of impacted teeth and therefore it has a clinical benefit to reduce usage of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after dentoalveolar surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yilmaz
- Deparment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Demirtas
- Deparment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H O Kazancioglu
- Deparment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Bayer
- Deparment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A H Acar
- Deparment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Mihmanli
- Deparment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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de Cazes M, Belleville MP, Petit E, Salomo M, Bayer S, Czaja R, De Gunzburg J, Sanchez-Marcano J. Erythromycin degradation by esterase (EreB) in enzymatic membrane reactors. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Resetkova N, Sakkas D, Bayer S, Penzias A, Alper M. Home-based ultrasound monitoring for in vitro fertilization is a feasible method of in cycle monitoring. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Enkling N, Jöhren P, Katsoulis J, Bayer S, Jervøe-Storm PM, Mericske-Stern R, Jepsen S. Influence of platform switching on bone-level alterations: a three-year randomized clinical trial. J Dent Res 2013; 92:139S-45S. [PMID: 24158333 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513504953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of platform switching has been introduced to implant dentistry based on clinical observations of reduced peri-implant crestal bone loss. However, published data are controversial, and most studies are limited to 12 months. The aim of the present randomized clinical trial was to test the hypothesis that platform switching has a positive impact on crestal bone-level changes after 3 years. Two implants with a diameter of 4 mm were inserted crestally in the posterior mandible of 25 patients. The intraindividual allocation of platform switching (3.3-mm platform) and the standard implant (4-mm platform) was randomized. After 3 months of submerged healing, single-tooth crowns were cemented. Patients were followed up at short intervals for monitoring of healing and oral hygiene. Statistical analysis for the influence of time and platform type on bone levels employed the Brunner-Langer model. At 3 years, the mean radiographic peri-implant bone loss was 0.69 ± 0.43 mm (platform switching) and 0.74 ± 0.57 mm (standard platform). The mean intraindividual difference was 0.05 ± 0.58 mm (95% confidence interval: -0.19, 0.29). Crestal bone-level alteration depended on time (p < .001) but not on platform type (p = .363). The present randomized clinical trial could not confirm the hypothesis of a reduced peri-implant crestal bone loss, when implants had been restored according to the concept of platform switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Enkling
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Berne, Switzerland
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Binner C, Dohmen PM, Binner-Oussenek K, Bayer S, Borger MA, Misfeld M, Mohr FW. Splenectomy in active infective endocarditis: Simultaneous or two stage procedure? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Utz KH, Schneider D, Feyen J, Grüner M, Bayer S, Fimmers R, Müller F. Complete denture displacement following open-mouth reline. J Oral Rehabil 2012; 39:838-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2012.02339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.-H. Utz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials; University of Bonn; Bonn
| | - D. Schneider
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials; University of Bonn; Bonn
| | - J. Feyen
- Private Practice, Lennestadt; Germany
| | - M. Grüner
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials; University of Bonn; Bonn
| | - S. Bayer
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials; University of Bonn; Bonn
| | - R. Fimmers
- Institute for Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE); Bonn; Germany
| | - F. Müller
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics; University of Geneva; Geneva; Switzerland
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Deslis A, Hasan I, Bourauel C, Bayer S, Stark H, Keilig L. Numerical investigations of the loading behaviour of a prefabricated non-rigid bar system. Ann Anat 2012; 194:538-44. [PMID: 22664278 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study has been to systematically evaluate the loading behaviour of a novel pre-fabricated chair-side SFI-Bar(®) bar system supported by two implants using finite element (FE) analysis. Two series of FE models were created of the bar placed on two idealised implants and embedded in idealised bone segments using CAD data. In the first series, the inter-implant distance varied from 10 to 26mm; the second series consisted of a bar with a fixed implant distance of 26mm and varying horizontal fitting inaccuracy from 0.0 to 0.3mm. The bar was loaded vertically at 500 N. In all simulations, the regions with the greatest amount of stress were concentrated on the connecting elements of the bar and the bar itself. A slight increase in stress was observed with decreasing inter-implant distance. With a non-zero fitting inaccuracy, no clear correlation was observed between the amount of play and the stress distribution in the system. For a perfect fit, an obvious increase in stress was found in the implant and strain in the implant bed. With respect to the excessive static loading performed in our simulations and the resulting loading behaviour, we conclude that the SFI-Bar is a system suitable for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deslis
- Endowed Chair of Oral Technology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
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Framme C, Wolf-Schnurrbusch U, Lobsiger H, Bayer S, Wolf S. Angepasstes und standardisiertes Patientenmanagement bei der Behandlung der neovaskulären AMD im ambulanten Bereich einer Universitäts-Augenklinik. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2012; 229:812-21. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1299405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Framme
- Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsspital, Inselspital, Bern, Schweiz
| | - U. Wolf-Schnurrbusch
- Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsspital, Inselspital, Bern, Schweiz
| | - H. Lobsiger
- Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsspital, Inselspital, Bern, Schweiz
| | - S. Bayer
- Q_Perior München, Niederlassung Schweiz
| | - S. Wolf
- Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsspital, Inselspital, Bern, Schweiz
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Kraus D, Deschner J, Jäger A, Wenghoefer M, Bayer S, Jepsen S, Allam JP, Novak N, Meyer R, Winter J. Human β-defensins differently affect proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblast-like MG63 cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 227:994-1003. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Vécsei-Marlovits P, Bayer S, Vécsei C, Weingessel B. Optimierung von Ambulanzabläufen am Beispiel von AMD-Untersuchungen und Behandlungen. Spektrum Augenheilkd 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00717-011-0047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Bayer S, Ballschmiter M, Greiner-Stoeffele T. Identification of a new lipolytic enzyme family and several novel nitrilases in metagenomic libraries. N Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pettitt M, Burnett G, Bayer S, Stevens A. Assessment of the occlusion technique as a means for evaluating the distraction potential of driver support systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1049/ip-its:20060027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Voigt M, Bayer S, Dudenhausen JW. Veränderung der somatischen Klassifikation Neugeborener nach Schwangerschaftsdauer und Geburtsgewicht durch den täglichen Zigarettenkonsum der Mütter in der Schwangerschaft. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-818288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Keilig L, Bourauel C, Grüner M, Hültenschmidt R, Bayer S, Utz KH, Stark H. Aufbau und Erprobung eines neuartigen Meßsystems für die dentale Biomechanik – Meßprinzip und Beispielmessungen des Hexapod-Meß-Systems / Design and Testing of a Novel Measuring Set-up for Use in Dental Biomechanics – Measuring Principle and Exemplary Measurements with the Hexapod Measuring System. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2004; 49:208-15. [PMID: 15481409 DOI: 10.1515/bmt.2004.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel measuring set-up based on a hexapod system for use in dental biomechanics is described. It was specially developed to measure force/deflection characteristics of different dental materials and devices. The functionability and suitability of the system for use in experimental biomechanics were investigated in two different studies. In a first study the micro mobility of prosthetic telescopic crowns prior to and after simulated wear was determined to investigate the influence of wear processes on the stability of the anchorage elements and thus of prostheses. This study investigated the ability of the setup to load a specimen with high forces or torques of up to 100 Newton. The second study looked at the force/deflection characteristics of orthodontic anchorage pins used in orthodontics to additionally stabilize the anchorage unit, for example during molar movement. In this study specimens were loaded with small forces of less than 10 Newton, as are typically used in orthodontics. Using the setup, the deflection behaviour of these devices under high and low loading was measured at a resolution of approximately one micrometer or one angular second.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Keilig
- Abteilung für Zahnärztliche Propädeutik--Experimentelle Zahnheilkunde der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
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Abstract
GABAergic regulation of intestinal motility through the modulation of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neurons remains poorly understood especially in rat colon where very few studies have been undertaken. Therefore, the effects of GABA on circular preparations of rat distal colon were investigated using classical organ bath chambers to record spontaneous mechanical activities (SMA). SMA was characterized by the occurrence of rhythmic phasic contractions (type-I) or by spontaneously occurring large contractions superimposed on small rhythmic contractions (type-II). In the presence of atropine and guanethidine (NANC conditions), these large contractions were inhibited by bicuculline, a GABA(A)-receptor antagonist as well as by TTX, L-NAME and apamin together, or L 732-138, a NK1-receptor antagonist. In NANC conditions, GABA induced a transient monophasic relaxation or a biphasic effect characterized by a relaxation followed by a tonic contraction in both type-I and -II preparations. Both the inhibitory and excitatory effects of GABA were blocked by TTX and L-NAME + apamin; the GABA-induced contraction was also sensitive to L 732-138. The responses to GABA were mimicked by the GABA(A)-receptor agonist, muscimol, whereas baclofen and CACA, respectively GABA(B) and GABA(C)-receptors agonists showed no effect. These results demonstrated that only GABA(A)-receptors seem to be involved in the regulation of SMA in rat distal colon in NANC conditions. Release of NANC inhibitory transmitter (NO and probably ATP) and NANC excitatory transmitter (maybe substance P) might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bayer
- INSERM Unité 338. Groupe de Neurogastroentérologie. Pavillon Poincaré. Hôpital Civil. 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Kehm E, Göksu M, Bayer S, Knopf CW. Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNase: functional analysis of the enzyme expressed by recombinant baculovirus. Intervirology 2000; 41:110-9. [PMID: 9820845 DOI: 10.1159/000024922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNase (HSV-1 DNase) was expressed in insect cells by recombinant baculovirus (NPVUL12) and purified by a combination of anionic exchanger chromatography and gel filtration. Two polypeptides of 85 and 75 kD, whose ratio varied during purification, were induced 24 h after infection. The 75-kD protein was isolated and shown to possess catalytic activity. Gel filtration analysis indicated that the active form of the enzyme at an ionic strength of I = 0.3 is a dimeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 130,000. The recombinant enzyme exhibited the overall characteristics of the native enzyme such as 5'-3' exonuclease and endonuclease activities with a preferred degradation of DNA. In the absence of extraneously added Mg2+, the enzyme was capable of removing mononucleotides from 5'-end-labeled DNA, but not from RNA and 3'-end-labeled DNA. The peculiar mechanism of double-strand DNA degradation suggests a specific role of HSV-1 DNase in DNA recombination processes during viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kehm
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Genomforschung und Bioinformatik, Heidelberg, Deutschland
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Ward N, Bayer S, Ballard M, Patience T, Hume RF, Calhoun BC. Impact of prenatal care with reduced frequency of visits in a residency teaching program. J Reprod Med 1999; 44:849-52. [PMID: 10554744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if decreasing the number of prenatal visits for routine obstetric patients affects pregnancy outcome. STUDY DESIGN A historical control study was designed to include 734 deliveries from January 1 to December 31, 1991, in women who had prenatal care per American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee Opinion no. 79, January 1990, guidelines for uncomplicated obstetric care. A prospective study cohort of women with 711 deliveries from January 1 to December 31, 1994, underwent prenatal care with modified guidelines to include: first visit at 6-12 weeks to confirm dating and obtain initial laboratory data, second visit at 16-20 weeks to obtain maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening, third visit at 24-28 weeks for 28-week laboratory data, fourth visit at 32 weeks, fifth visit at 36 weeks, sixth visit at 38 weeks, seventh visit at 40 weeks and weekly thereafter. Pregnancy outcomes included estimated fetal weight, gestational age at delivery, preeclampsia, Apgar score at one and five minutes and delivery mode. Neonatal outcomes, including stillbirth rate, preterm delivery rate, intraventricular hemorrhage rate, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neonatal mortality, were evaluated. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in perinatal or neonatal outcomes with decreased prenatal visits from an average of 12 per pregnancy to 8. CONCLUSION Prenatal visits can be decreased in a teaching hospital in women with uncomplicated pregnancies from the standard number, 12-14 visits, to an average of 7 or 8 per patient without adverse perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ward
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington 98341, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M Britt
- Education and Information Division, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1988, USA.
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21
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Bayer S, Raul F, Boehm N, Klein A, Angel F. [Modulatory effects of polyamines and GABA on rat ileal motility in vitro]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1999; 23:824-31. [PMID: 10533133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of our work was to determine the effects of polyamines and GABA on rat ileum motility in vitro. METHODS Longitudinal strips dissected from control ileum or ileum without myenteric plexus after benzalkonium chloride (BAC) treatment were placed in organ bath chambers. RESULTS Spermine significantly inhibited spontaneous activity and nerve stimulation-induced response. Inhibition of spontaneous activity was not altered by BAC treatment or tetrodotoxin but was antagonized by BAY K 8644, a L-type calcium channel agonist. Spermine inhibitory effect on nerve-stimulation induced response disappeared after BAC treatment. GABA enhanced the response induced by nerve stimulation but did not antagonize spermine effects; its action was inhibited in presence of atropine and was mimicked by baclofen, a GABAB agonist. CONCLUSION Polyamines and GABA can modulate rat ileum motility in vitro. GABA acted via neural GABAB receptors. We demonstrate for the first time that spermine exerts a dual action through different mechanisms on both smooth muscle cells and probably intramural neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bayer
- INSERM U338, Groupe de Physiopathologie Digestive, Strasbourg
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22
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Schürmann A, Schmidt M, Asmus M, Bayer S, Fliegert F, Koling S, Massmann S, Schilf C, Subauste MC, Voss M, Jakobs KH, Joost HG. The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-related GTPase ARF-related protein binds to the ARF-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin and inhibits the ARF-dependent activation of phospholipase D. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:9744-51. [PMID: 10092663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.14.9744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor-related protein (ARP) is a membrane-associated GTPase with remote similarity to the family of ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF). In a yeast two-hybrid screen designed to identify proteins interacting with ARP, we isolated a partial cDNA of the ARF-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor mSec7-1/cytohesin encoding its N terminus and most of the Sec7 domain (codons 1-200). ARP and ARP-Q79L (GTPase-negative ARP) exhibited a higher affinity to mSec7-1-(1-200) than ARP-T31N (nucleotide exchange-defective ARP) in the two-hybrid assay. Similarly, full-length [35S]mSec7-1/cytohesin was specifically adsorbed to glutathione-Sepharose loaded with glutathione S-transferase (GST)-ARP-Q79L, GST-ARP, or GST-ARP-T31N, the latter exhibiting the lowest binding affinity. Overexpression of ARP-Q79L, but not of ARP-T31N, in COS-7 cells reduced the fluorescence from co-expressed green fluorescent protein fused with mSec7-1/cytohesin or mSec7-2/ARNO in plasma membranes as detected by deconvolution microscopy. Recombinant ARP and ARP-Q79L, but not ARP-T31N, inhibited the phospholipase D (PLD) activity stimulated by mSec7-2/ARNO and ARF in a system of isolated membranes. Furthermore, transfection of HEK-293 cells with ARP or ARP-Q79L, but not ARP-T31N, inhibited the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-3 induced PLD stimulation and translocation of ARF from cytosol to membranes. These data suggest that the GTP-bound form of ARP specifically binds mSec7-1/cytohesin, and that ARP may be involved in a pathway inhibiting the ARF-controlled activity of PLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schürmann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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23
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Ross BD, Ernst T, Kreis R, Haseler LJ, Bayer S, Danielsen E, Blüml S, Shonk T, Mandigo JC, Caton W, Clark C, Jensen SW, Lehman NL, Arcinue E, Pudenz R, Shelden CH. 1H MRS in acute traumatic brain injury. J Magn Reson Imaging 1998; 8:829-40. [PMID: 9702884 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1880080412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to demonstrate 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS) changes in cerebral metabolites after acute head trauma. Twenty-five patients (12 children, 13 adults) were examined with quantitative 1H MRS after closed head injury. Clinical grade (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS]) and outcome (Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center Outcome Score [ROS]) were correlated with quantitative neurochemical findings. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a neuronal and axonal marker, was reduced (P < .03-.001). In children, a reduced NAA/creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr) level and the presence of detectable lipid/lactate predicted bad outcome (sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 89%). The first MRS examination of all patients correlated with ROS versus NAA (r = .65, P < .0001). Although most patients showed MRS abnormalities, striking heterogeneity of 1H MRS characterized the individual patients. 1H MRS identifies multiple patterns of diffuse brain injury after blunt head trauma. There was a strong correlation between MRS and outcome. Future prospective studies will be needed to determine the clinical usefulness of MRS in predicting outcome from closed head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Ross
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA
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Abstract
In spite of all the scientific advances of the past few years, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain has not attained the status of a routine examination technique with clinically accepted indications. The method should be considered as an additional option to MR imaging for inherited and acquired encephalopathic changes as well as, in future, for localization diagnosis of epilepsies. A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic investigation without a prior intensive clinical and imaging investigation is not useful. Above all, factors influencing metabolite distribution such as for example, serum osmolality must be known. Methodological prerequisites for the clinical application of proton resonance spectroscopy are, first of all, a high stability of the chosen technique as well as a sufficiently certain quantification of metabolites and the availability of a reference group. The use of short echo times is necessary for the quantification of glutamine and the osmolyte myo-inositol. Indications for individual cases in which clinical investigations and MR topography cannot provide sufficient certainty and spectroscopy can furnish additional information are, in addition to uses in neuropediatrics, the suspicion of Alzheimer's dementia, HIV encephalopathy in early manifestations, and unclarified depressions of consciousness accompanying liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laubenberger
- Abteilung Röntgendiagnostik, Radiologische Universitätsklinik Freiburg
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Wei J, Dlouhy SR, Bayer S, Piva R, Verina T, Wang Y, Feng Y, Dupree B, Hodes ME, Ghetti B. In situ hybridization analysis of Girk2 expression in the developing central nervous system in normal and weaver mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1997; 56:762-71. [PMID: 9210872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A mutation in the gene Girk2 that encodes an inwardly rectifying potassium channel is the genetic defect causing the behavioral and pathologic abnormalities of the weaver mutant mouse. Of the pathologic abnormalities, the best studied is the neuronal degeneration that occurs in the cerebellar cortex and in the midbrain dopaminergic neurons. A detailed characterization of the topographic and temporal expression of Girk2 is fundamental to elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in these mutant mice. In this study we utilized in situ hybridization to determine the expression of Girk2 mRNA during prenatal and postnatal development in the murine central nervous system (CNS). Girk2 expression was seen in multiple regions of embryonic CNS including the cerebellum and midbrain. During postnatal development, the highest expression was seen in the cerebellum, midbrain and hippocampus. However, since the developing cerebellum undergoes significant neuronal loss due to the degeneration of granule cell precursors, Girk2 mRNA expression in this area decreases progressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5120, USA
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26
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Laubenberger J, Häussinger D, Bayer S, Gufler H, Hennig J, Langer M. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with liver cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1997; 112:1610-6. [PMID: 9136840 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(97)70043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is associated with typical changes of cerebral metabolite pattern observed by proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy consisting of a depletion of myo-inositol and an increase of glutamine. The aim of this study was to determine whether abnormalities in brain metabolism in neurologically asymptomatic patients with liver cirrhosis can be detected by spectroscopy. METHODS In a prospective study, 39 patients with liver cirrhosis were examined clinically according to standardized neuropsychological tests to define whether overt, subclinical, or no hepatic encephalopathy was present. All patients underwent proton MR spectroscopy at short echo times. RESULTS Spectroscopy allowed for the diagnosis of subclinical HE in 4 of 4 cases and of overt HE in 10 of 11 cases. In 24 cases of mere liver cirrhosis and normal neuropsychological testing, a typical metabolic pattern with a depletion of myo-inositol and an increased glutamine peak were found. A good correlation between the glutamine signal and the clinical grading was found. CONCLUSIONS Proton MR spectroscopy allows for the diagnosis of HE and subclinical HE, also shows the typical pathological metabolite pattern in patients with cirrhotic livers without subclinical HE, and might be more sensitive than neuropsychological testing. Glutamine could serve as a spectroscopic marker for the clinical state of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laubenberger
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
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Kluwe L, Bayer S, Baser ME, Hazim W, Haase W, Fünsterer C, Mautner VF. Identification of NF2 germ-line mutations and comparison with neurofibromatosis 2 phenotypes. Hum Genet 1996; 98:534-8. [PMID: 8882871 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) is an autosomal inherited disorder that predisposes carriers to nervous system tumors. To examine genotype-phenotype correlations in NF2, we performed mutation analyses and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the head and full spine in 59 unrelated NF2 patients. In patients with vestibular schwannomas (VSs) or identified NF2 mutations, the mild phenotype was defined as < 2 other intracranial tumors and < or = 4 spinal tumors, and the severe phenotype as either > or = 2 other intracranial tumors of > 4 spinal tumors. Nineteen mutations were found in 20 (34%) of the patients and were distributed in 12 of the 17 exons of the NF2 gene, including intron-exon boundaries. Seven mutations were frameshift, six were nonsense, four were splice site, two were missense, and one was a 3-bp in frame deletion. The nonsense mutations included one codon 57 and two codon 262 C-->T transition in CpG dinucleotides. The frameshift and nonsense NF2 mutations occurred primarily in patients with severe phenotypes. The two missense mutations occurred in patients with mild phenotypes, and three of the four splice site mutations occurred in families with both mild and severe phenotypes. Truncating NF2 mutations are usually associated with severe phenotypes, but the association of some mutations with mild and severe phenotypes indicates that NF2 expression is influenced by stochastic, epigenetic, or environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kluwe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Kondev FG, Dracoulis GD, Byrne AP, Kibédi T, Bayer S, Lane GJ. Configuration changes and hindered decays in four- and six-quasiparticle isomers in 178Ta. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 54:R459-R463. [PMID: 9971428 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.54.r459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Laubenberger J, Häussinger D, Bayer S, Thielemann S, Schneider B, Mundinger A, Hennig J, Langer M. HIV-related metabolic abnormalities in the brain: depiction with proton MR spectroscopy with short echo times. Radiology 1996; 199:805-10. [PMID: 8638009 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.199.3.8638009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze brain metabolite changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive neurologically asymptomatic patients and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex (ADC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve ADC patients, 11 HIV-positive asymptomatic patients, and 10 healthy control subjects underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and proton MR spectroscopy with short echo times. Changes in N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myoinositol (MI), and creatine (Cr) were presented as ratios with Cr as the reference. RESULTS Statistically significant (P < .05) differences were noted. In ADC patients, all with MR findings of brain atrophy and diffuse white matter disease, NA/Cr decreased (white matter, -31.8%; gray matter, -22.3%), MI/Cr increased (white matter, +42.5%; gray matter, +51.8%), and Cho/Cr increased (white matter, +20.6%; gray matter, +51.7%) compared with healthy control subjects. In HIV-positive asymptomatic patients, NA/Cr decreased slightly (white matter, -6.9%; gray matter, -5.1%), MI/Cr increased slightly (white matter, +13.7%; gray matter, +10.7%), and Cho/Cr did not change. CONCLUSION ADC has a uniform pathologic metabolic pattern that affects NAA, MI, and Cho. Proton MR spectroscopy with short echo times helps detect early abnormalities in clinically asymptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laubenberger
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
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Dracoulis GD, Kondev FG, Byrne AP, Kibédi T, Bayer S, Davidson PM, Walker PM, Purry C, Pearson CJ. Structure and decay of a four-quasiparticle 15(-) isomer in 180Ta. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 53:1205-1209. [PMID: 9971055 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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31
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Purry CS, Walker PM, Dracoulis GD, Kibédi T, Bayer S, Bruce AM, Byrne AP, Dasgupta M, Gelletly W, Kondev F, Regan PH, Thwaites C. Rotation of an eight-quasiparticle isomer. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:406-409. [PMID: 10060013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Pernerstorfer T, Mayer N, Zadrobilek E, Mares P, Keznickl P, Eichler HG, Bayer S, Haider W. PHOSPHODIESTERASE-III-INHIBITION BLUNTS THE CARDIODEPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF PROPOFOL. Anesth Analg 1995. [DOI: 10.1213/00000539-199504001-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Häussinger D, Laubenberger J, vom Dahl S, Ernst T, Bayer S, Langer M, Gerok W, Hennig J. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies on human brain myo-inositol in hypo-osmolarity and hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology 1994; 107:1475-80. [PMID: 7926510 DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(94)90552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent in vivo studies using proton magnetic resonance (1H-MR) spectroscopy showed low levels of myo-inositol in the brain in hepatic encephalopathy; the pathogenetic relevance of this observation is unclear. METHODS Myo-inositol and glutamine levels in the brain were studied in vivo by 1H-MR spectroscopy in patients with hypo-osmolarity and hepatic encephalopathy. RESULTS A patient with severe plasma hypo-osmolarity (222 mOsm/L) had almost undetectable signals for myo-inositol and glutamine/glutamate in the brain. Both signals reappeared after normalization of plasma osmolarity, suggesting that both myo-inositol and glutamine were released as organic osmolytes from the brain. A decreased cerebral myo-inositol signal is also found in low-grade hepatic encephalopathy but is accompanied by an increased glutamine signal. Cirrhotics without hepatic encephalopathy have near-normal inositol signals, and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome encephalopathy have increased inositol signals. CONCLUSIONS The 1H-MR spectroscopic myo-inositol signal in the human brain predominantly reflects an osmosensitive inositol pool. It is hypothesized that its depletion in latent hepatic encephalopathy points to a disturbance of cell volume homeostasis in the brain as an early pathogenetic event. This may partly be caused by a hyperammonemia-induced glutamine accumulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Häussinger
- Medizinische und Radiologische Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
The management of elderly burn patients is time consuming for both nursing staff and physicians, and therapy remains often challenging and controversial. In a retrospective study, we analysed the outcome of two periods with different treatment modalities. An increased number of nurses, a change in the local burn wound treatment, better documentation of wound status and general conditions, and last, but not least, of nutritional aid, enabled us to reduce the mortality rate in patients over 65 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zöch
- Burn Unit, University of Vienna Medical School, Austria
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Gates GS, Bayer S, Seibel M, Poretsky L, Flier JS, Moses AC. Characterization of insulin-like growth factor binding to human granulosa cells obtained during in vitro fertilization. J Recept Res 1987; 7:885-902. [PMID: 3450873 DOI: 10.3109/10799898709054568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Insulin and IGF-I affect in vitro ovarian stromal and follicular cell function in several species. We previously characterized insulin receptors on human granulosa cells obtained from in vitro fertilization procedures but were unable to demonstrate specific binding of IGF-I. Following modification of the assay conditions, we now report specific, high affinity IGF-1 binding sites on human granulosa cells. Substitution of equimolar concentrations of sucrose for sodium chloride in the buffer solution increased binding of IGF but not insulin in equilibrium assays. Maximal specific IGF-I binding was 2.69 +/- 0.30%/10(5) cells (SEM, n = 9) with half-maximal inhibition of binding at 2 ng/ml IGF-I. Unlabeled insulin recognized the type I IGF receptor with low affinity. An IGF-I receptor monoclonal antibody (alpha IR-3) inhibited 125I-IGF-I but not 125I-insulin binding. Affinity crosslinking followed by SDS/PAGE under reducing conditions revealed IGF-I binding at a molecular weight compatible with the alpha subunit of the type I IGF receptor and with a pattern of inhibition by various ligands that paralleled the equilibrium binding assays. IGF-I receptors are present on freshly isolated human ovarian granulosa cells obtained following pharmacologic stimulation with gonadotrophin according to the protocols of in vitro fertilization. The biologic function of these receptors currently is being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Gates
- Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Boston, Mass
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Bayer S. [Acute nflammation of the persistent umbilico-intestinal duct]. Wiad Lek 1967; 20:1893-4. [PMID: 5583553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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37
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Bayer S. [Field Hospital "Wilcza 61" (recollections of a physician from the period of Warsaw Insurrection)]. Arch Hist Med (Warsz) 1966; 29:179-89 contd. [PMID: 5913225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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