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AlKattan W, Sabbah BN, Alghafees MA, Sabbah AN, Alsaleem A, Alqahtani MA, Almadani A, Alrashid A, Alshabanat FB, Ali Omar MS, Ouban A, Aleem MU, Barbour A, Abuzubida A, Osman NA, Ali SS, Abbara Z, Alfuwais MA. Pediatric Anesthesia Exposure: Decoding Its Neurodevelopmental Implications and Navigating the Nuances. Cureus 2024; 16:e55952. [PMID: 38601369 PMCID: PMC11005881 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia is fundamental in pediatric medical interventions, but its potential neurodevelopmental impact on children has raised concerns, necessitating a thorough investigation. This systematic review aimed to assess the association between pediatric anesthesia exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes, focusing on dosage effects and identifying high-risk groups. The study involved an extensive literature search across PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, selecting 40 relevant studies from an initial pool of 2,000, based on inclusion criteria that focused on children under 18 years exposed to anesthesia, excluding those with major comorbidities or perioperative physiological insults. It was observed that while a single exposure to anesthesia had minimal impact on general neurodevelopment, repeated or prolonged exposures posed greater concerns. Despite these findings, the study identified gaps in certain areas like adaptive behavior and sensory cognition due to limited data. The conclusion drawn is that although the evidence on anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity in children remains inconclusive, the implications of pediatric anesthesia exposure are significant enough to warrant careful consideration by healthcare professionals, who should balance the procedural benefits against the risks. This study also calls for future research to standardize methodologies and employ consistent, validated neurodevelopmental measurement tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael AlKattan
- Surgery, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Belal N Sabbah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammad A Alghafees
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ahmad N Sabbah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Alanood Alsaleem
- Anesthesiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Meshari A Alqahtani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Alshaima Almadani
- Anesthesiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Aljazi Alrashid
- Anesthesiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Faris B Alshabanat
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Aladeen Barbour
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Nadine A Osman
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Saad S Ali
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Zain Abbara
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
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Alaklabi AM, Abdul Rab S, Sabbah BN, Maklad AE, Dokollari A, Van den Eynde J, Pompeu Sa M, Arjomandi Rad A, Ahsan MR, Fatehi Hassanabad A. Innovations in Aortic Valve Replacement: A Comprehensive Overview of the Intuity Rapid Deployment Valve. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00210. [PMID: 38334371 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Rapid deployment/sutureless (RDS) valves have recently emerged as an innovative surgical solution, providing an alternative to traditional methods of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) by eliminating the need for suture placement and tying. This innovation leads to a reduction in aortic crossclamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times, enhancing the efficiency of the procedure. Among the 2 available RDS valves, the Edwards Intuity valve in particular has been demonstrated to be a particularly promising substitute in the field of SAVR. The Intuity valve distinguishes itself from other RDS and conventional valves by yielding superior outcomes, such as a significant reduction in mortality, increase in the longevity of the valve, and a marked decrease in both mean and peak transvalvular pressure gradients. These benefits collectively contribute to its appeal as a favorable new solution. However, further investigation is needed to conclusively determine the long-term outcomes and safety of RDS valves. Nevertheless, the utilization of the Intuity valve presents an exciting solution to the existing limitations of conventional and minimally invasive SAVR, especially for patients afflicted with severe aortic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saleha Abdul Rab
- From the College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Belal N Sabbah
- From the College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Aleksander Dokollari
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, St. Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Michel Pompeu Sa
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Muhammad Rauf Ahsan
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Alasker A, Arabi TZ, Alghafees MA, Sabbah BN, Abdul Rab S, Alageel AK, Abouelkhair AE, Abdulwali AK, Al Hennawi MMI, Fallatah W, Musalli ZF, Noureldin YA. Prostate cancer among Saudis: a registry review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:56-61. [PMID: 38222704 PMCID: PMC10783378 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Policy makers in Saudi Arabia greatly rely on published studies to make major public health decisions. Prostate cancer (PCa) studies in Saudi Arabia are either outdated or limited to local regions. Aim The authors aim to analyze the Saudi Cancer Registry to determine the incidence of PCa across all regions of the Kingdom and the risk factors of poor prognosis in the population. Methods Patients diagnosed with primary PCa from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017 were included in the study from the Saudi Cancer Registry. Incidence rates and risk factors for poor survival were calculated. Results A total of 3607 PCa patients were retrieved. PCa incidence rates ranged from 0.2 to 1.4 per 100 000. Most of the patients were aged 60 and older (86.5%; n=3120), married (97%; n=3497) and lived in the central region (38.1%; n=1375). The mean age at diagnosis was 71.1 (10.8) years. Over half of all tumors were poorly differentiated (64.2%; n=2317), and localized (60.4%; n=2180). The all-time metastasis rate reached 31.4% (n=1131). The lowest mean survival was in those with distant metastasis (P=0.039). Age groups, marital status, tumor morphology, place of residency, and grade were not proven to significantly influence survival. Conclusion The high metastasis rate and evidence of a greater incidence of newly diagnosed metastatic PCa indicate that the idea of select screening for certain high-risk populations is not farfetched. The authors encourage the promotion of awareness regarding PCa risk factors and screening to optimize prognosis and minimize late presentations and high metastasis rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alasker
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
- Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziyad F. Musalli
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
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Riazuddin M, Ali M, Alageel DF, Gheith MW, Ali SS, Farouk NI, Sabbah BN, Ali Sheikh ANM, Alkattan K. Navigating the Spectrum: Atypical Pulmonary Involvement in Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e50086. [PMID: 38186442 PMCID: PMC10770574 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic condition known to affect multiple organ systems. While its manifestations are diverse, pulmonary involvement, especially of the pleura, remains less common. We report the case of a 99-year-old Saudi male with a medical history of diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. He presented with dyspnea and syncope, with radiological findings revealing pleural effusion and a mass in the right hemidiaphragm. Laboratory investigations highlighted elevated serum IgG4 levels, and histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of IgG4-RD. Notably, the patient's thoracic histopathology differed from typical IgG4-RD presentations, emphasizing the variability of the disease. This case underscores the significance of recognizing IgG4-RD as a potential cause of unexplained pleural effusion. It also highlights the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach, integrating laboratory values, histopathological findings, and clinical context. Given the potential variability in thoracic IgG4-RD histopathology, clinicians should maintain a heightened awareness of this condition to avoid missed diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riazuddin
- Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Maha Ali
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Mais W Gheith
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Saad S Ali
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Noha I Farouk
- College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | - Khaled Alkattan
- Thoracic Surgery, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
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Riazuddin M, Farouk NI, Ali SS, Butt MI, Arabi TZ, Sabbah BN, Ali MS, Alkattan K. Pleural effusion due to lymphangiomatosis and the role of sirolimus: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:6178-6181. [PMID: 38098585 PMCID: PMC10718374 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lymphangiomatosis is a rare abnormal proliferation of lymphatic vessels involving multiple organs like the brain, lung, heart, spleen, liver, and bones. Lymphangiomas constitute 5.6% of all benign tumors in infancy and adulthood. Case presentation We report a case of a young lady who presented with constitutional symptoms and progressive dyspnea. Her medical history is significant for muco-cutaneous albinism, diffuse hemangiomas of the bone and viscera, and consumptive coagulopathy status post-splenectomy. After initial investigations, she was found to have right-sided pleural effusion. Pleural fluid analysis indicated chylothorax. She had multiple drainages of the pleural fluid done, and afterward, ligation of the right thoracic duct was performed with a trial of sirolimus, which improved her chylothorax. Clinical discussion Several case reports have reported positive outcomes with sirolimus in the treatment of lymphangiomatosis. However, larger controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings. Conclusion Sirolimus is promising as a medical treatment for diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riazuddin
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center
| | | | - Saad S. Ali
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad I. Butt
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center
| | - Tarek Z. Arabi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Belal N. Sabbah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha S. Ali
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sabbah BN, Arabi TZ, Shafqat A, Abdulkader HS, Alamri F, Kholaif N. The hidden unicuspid: Recurring aortic stenosis post-valvuloplasty from a unicuspid aortic valve masquerading as bicuspid. J Cardiol Cases 2023; 28:213-215. [PMID: 38024116 PMCID: PMC10658333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Unicuspid aortic valves (UAV) account for 0.2 % of cardiac valvular disorders and present with early-onset aortic stenosis (AS) during adolescence or early adulthood. We present a case of a 17-year-old male with recurring AS. He was diagnosed with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) two years previously and treated with balloon valvuloplasty, which relieved symptoms before that. Multimodality imaging work-up revealed the precise morphology of UAV, consistent with the surgical findings. The patient received a St. Jude mechanical valve (St Paul; MN, USA) which resolved his symptoms. A thorough radiologic evaluation is therefore required for the accurate diagnosis of UAVs. While 2-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) often constitutes the initial modality for evaluating UAVs, 3D-TTE, transesophageal echocardiography, and cardiac computed tomography are used as confirmatory diagnostic tools. Balloon valvuloplasty reports good outcomes in BAV but is associated with an increased rate of symptom recurrence, repeated surgical procedures, and higher mortality in UAVs, underscoring the importance of an accurate pre-operative diagnosis. Learning objectives 1.Unicuspid aortic valve (UAV) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis during childhood.2.3D-transthoracic echocardiogram, transesophageal echocardiogram, and cardiac computed tomography (CT) can confirm the diagnosis of a UAV.3.Cardiac CT can additionally assess for accompanying abnormalities of the great vessels in UAV patients.4.Balloon valvuloplasty reports good outcomes in bicuspid aortic valve but is associated with an increased rate of symptom recurrence in UAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal N. Sabbah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Z. Arabi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal Alamri
- Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji Kholaif
- Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Arabi TZ, Fawzy NA, Abdul Rab S, Alabdul Razzak G, Sabbah BN, Alkattan K, Tleyjeh I, Yaqinuddin A. NETs, infections, and antimicrobials: a complex interplay. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:9559-9568. [PMID: 37916323 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_34129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In response to a range of stimuli, neutrophils produce web-like structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The benefits of NETs in pathogen control are commonly offset by excessive release as part of a pro-inflammatory response, as shown in several disorders. The discovery of potential drugs that regulate NET release has helped to enhance our understanding of the role of NETs in immunological protection, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Emerging evidence has indicated that antimicrobials play an immunomodulatory role by influencing the levels of circulating NETs. Herein, we address NETosis in several disorders and detail the mechanisms of NET-mediated damage in infections. We also aim to evaluate recent evidence on the effects of antimicrobials on NET levels. Relevant keywords were searched in PubMed. Studies were evaluated for their relevance, and a narrative review was written accordingly. Several antibiotics, including beta-lactams and cephalosporins, alter NET formation and degradation in a protective manner, resulting in minimal host organ damage. Additionally, some studies have highlighted the immunomodulatory effects of antivirals and antifungals on NET. Further studies are needed to fully understand the clinical implications of NET-antimicrobial interactions and their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Z Arabi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Alasker A, Alghafees M, Chaudhri EN, Al Qurashi AA, Abdul Rab S, Sabbah BN, Musalli Z, Alyami A. An unusually high prevalence of isolated prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma among Saudi patients: A registry-based study. Urol Ann 2023; 15:320-324. [PMID: 37664104 PMCID: PMC10471815 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_46_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We conduct a secondary analysis on the demographics, tumor characteristics, survival, and risk factors for mortality among patients with prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods This is a registry-based retrospective study that included all patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in the KSA. The data were collected from the Saudi Cancer Registry, which collects tumor data from all private, military, and health ministry hospitals in Saudi Arabia through five regional offices. Results Among 3607 prostate cancer patients detected during the specified period, 209 (5.8%) had ductal adenocarcinoma. The median interquartile range age of patients was 72.0 years (64.0-78.0). Adenocarcinoma lesions were malignant among all the patients. Grade III tumors were most frequently apparent lesions (61.2%), followed by Grade II tumors (26.3%), Grade I tumors (7.2%), and Grade VI tumors (5.3%). A total of 33 patients died, representing 15.8% of the whole sample. The 1-year survival rate was 78.1%. More than a third of patients who were residing in the Western region deceased (38.0%), whereas no deaths were reported in other regions with a statistically significant difference based on regions (P < 0.001). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first registry-based study to investigate PDA in the KSA; these efforts were done to further understand this deadly condition and to further enhance patient care in the KSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alasker
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alghafees
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman N. Chaudhri
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Al Qurashi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleha Abdul Rab
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Belal N. Sabbah
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Musalli
- Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alyami
- Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alghafees MA, Abdul Rab S, Raheel HM, Sabbah BN, Maklad AE, El Sarrag MI, Abouelkhair AE, Aljurayyad A, Alotaibi T, Alotaibi MT, Alomar M. Giant staghorn stone causing inferior vena cava compression: a novel case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:2990-2994. [PMID: 37363466 PMCID: PMC10289729 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Staghorn calculi (SC) are defined as large kidney stones that fill the renal pelvis and at least one renal calyx. They represent 10-20% of all renal stones in developing countries and require prompt diagnosis and management. Massive SC (over 5 cm) are treated exclusively via open surgery, despite percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) being the gold standard treatment for large stones. Descriptions of PCNL for massive SC are very limited in the literature. Case Presentation We report a case of a 63-year-old male who presented with chronic abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, and normal renal function. He was later diagnosed with polycythemia vera. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed massive, bilateral staghorn stones measuring 7.3×5.5 cm and 1.8×4.5 cm on the right and left, respectively. Additionally, the right stone was found to be compressing the inferior vena cava (IVC). The patient was promptly scheduled for right-sided PCNL and the target of 80% stone fragmentation was successfully attained. Discussion We present the first case of a stone of such size in the Middle East, as well as the first known case of a renal stone compressing the IVC. Unlike previous reports, the stone was successfully fragmented via PCNL - a procedure that has not been described for stones of such size. Conclusion This report highlights that ultrasound-guided PNCL without any other intervention is sufficient for the successful treatment of giant SC. Greater research is needed on the potential utility of using ultrasound-guided PCNL for the fragmentation of stones sized over 5 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tariq Alotaibi
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Alomar
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Odeh NB, Sriwi TH, Arbili LM, Arabi TZ, Sabbah BN, AlKodaymi MS. Describing the Myths and Misconceptions Regarding COVID-19 Vaccines Among the Population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e25932. [PMID: 35844340 PMCID: PMC9282580 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to describe the common myths and misconceptions in addition to the perception and attitudes toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in the Saudi Arabian community. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that included adults (18 years and older) residing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Participants were asked to complete an online survey that evaluated their perception and attitudes toward the available COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia. Statistical comparison between two groups and more was done using chi-square, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results A total of 471 responses were analyzed with a majority (83.2%) believing that vaccinations are important. The vaccine preferred among the Saudi Arabian population was Pfizer (65.4%). More than half of our respondents (54.8%) strongly agreed that COVID-19 vaccines can reduce the severity of the COVID-19 infection. Respondents in the healthcare sector were significantly more likely to have a more positive view on vaccines compared to those in non-healthcare sectors (p < 0.001). Conclusion The Saudi Arabian population has shown substantial awareness about COVID-19 vaccines; however, public health officials need to further increase awareness measures on COVID-19 vaccines to limit myths and misconceptions, especially among certain populations that are more prone to it.
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Shafqat A, Arabi TZ, Sabbah BN, Abdulkader HS, Shafqat S, Razak A, Kashir J, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Understanding COVID-19 Vaccines Today: Are T-cells Key Players? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060904. [PMID: 35746512 PMCID: PMC9227180 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has heavily mutated since the beginning of the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this regard, the so-called variants of concern (VOCs) feature mutations that confer increased transmissibility and evasion of antibody responses. The VOCs have caused significant spikes in COVID-19 cases, raising significant concerns about whether COVID-19 vaccines will protect against current and future variants. In this context, whereas the protection COVID-19 vaccines offer against the acquisition of infection appears compromised, the protection against severe COVID-19 is maintained. From an immunologic standpoint, this is likely underpinned by the maintenance of T-cell responses against VOCs. Therefore, the role of T-cells is essential to understanding the broader adaptive immune response to COVID-19, which has the potential to shape public policies on vaccine protocols and inform future vaccine design. In this review, we survey the literature on the immunology of T-cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with the current FDA-approved and Emergency Use Authorized COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.Z.A.); (B.N.S.); (H.S.A.); (A.R.); (J.K.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-592-362-763
| | - Tarek Z. Arabi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.Z.A.); (B.N.S.); (H.S.A.); (A.R.); (J.K.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Belal N. Sabbah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.Z.A.); (B.N.S.); (H.S.A.); (A.R.); (J.K.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Humzah S. Abdulkader
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.Z.A.); (B.N.S.); (H.S.A.); (A.R.); (J.K.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Shameel Shafqat
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan;
| | - Adhil Razak
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.Z.A.); (B.N.S.); (H.S.A.); (A.R.); (J.K.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Junaid Kashir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.Z.A.); (B.N.S.); (H.S.A.); (A.R.); (J.K.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.Z.A.); (B.N.S.); (H.S.A.); (A.R.); (J.K.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.Z.A.); (B.N.S.); (H.S.A.); (A.R.); (J.K.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
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Shafqat A, Shafqat S, Ahmed TM, Arabi TZ, Sabbah BN, Khan JA, Alfehaid WK, Islam SS. A Rare Presentation of a True Intra-articular Lipoma: A Case Report and Review of Imaging Findings. Cureus 2022; 14:e25094. [PMID: 35733477 PMCID: PMC9204292 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the unique case of an intra-articular lipoma in a 34-year-old male. The patient presented with a history of chronic knee pain associated with an intermittent sensation of the knee giving way. Physical examination and initial radiographic imaging were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 9.2 x 6.7 mm ovoid mass posterior to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) exhibiting hyperintense signals on T1-weighted images and intermediate-to-high intensity signals on T2. On subsequent proton density fat suppression sequences, the mass demonstrated homogenous signal suppression and was confirmed as being a lipoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of an intra-articular lipoma arising posterior to the PCL. Intra-articular lipomas, albeit rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis for chronic knee pain with associated joint motion abnormalities. MRI remains the gold standard in imaging intra-articular soft tissue pathology and should be the study of choice in differentiating intra-articular lipomas from similar conditions such as pigmented villonodular synovitis and lipoma arborescens.
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