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Jonuscheit M, Uhlemeyer C, Korzekwa B, Schouwink M, Öner-Sieben S, Ensenauer R, Roden M, Belgardt BF, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB. Post mortem analysis of hepatic volume and lipid content by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in fixed murine neonates. NMR Biomed 2024:e5140. [PMID: 38556731 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Maternal obesity and hyperglycemia are linked to an elevated risk for obesity, diabetes, and steatotic liver disease in the adult offspring. To establish and validate a noninvasive workflow for perinatal metabolic phenotyping, fixed neonates of common mouse strains were analyzed postmortem via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess liver volume and hepatic lipid (HL) content. The key advantage of nondestructive MRI/MRS analysis is the possibility of further tissue analyses, such as immunohistochemistry, RNA extraction, and even proteomics, maximizing the data that can be gained per individual and therefore facilitating comprehensive correlation analyses. This study employed an MRI and 1H-MRS workflow to measure liver volume and HL content in 65 paraformaldehyde-fixed murine neonates at 11.7 T. Liver volume was obtained using semiautomatic segmentation of MRI acquired by a RARE sequence with 0.5-mm slice thickness. HL content was measured by a STEAM sequence, applied with and without water suppression. T1 and T2 relaxation times of lipids and water were measured for respective correction of signal intensity. The HL content, given as CH2/(CH2 + H2O), was calculated, and the intrasession repeatability of the method was tested. The established workflow yielded robust results with a variation of ~3% in repeated measurements for HL content determination. HL content measurements were further validated by correlation analysis with biochemically assessed triglyceride contents (R2 = 0.795) that were measured in littermates. In addition, image quality also allowed quantification of subcutaneous adipose tissue and stomach diameter. The highest HL content was measured in C57Bl/6N (4.2%) and the largest liver volume and stomach diameter in CBA (53.1 mm3 and 6.73 mm) and NMRI (51.4 mm3 and 5.96 mm) neonates, which also had the most subcutaneous adipose tissue. The observed effects were independent of sex and litter size. In conclusion, we have successfully tested and validated a robust MRI/MRS workflow that allows assessment of morphology and HL content and further enables paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue-compatible subsequent analyses in murine neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jonuscheit
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Celina Uhlemeyer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Benedict Korzekwa
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marten Schouwink
- University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Soner Öner-Sieben
- Institute of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Regina Ensenauer
- Institute of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Pelligra A, Mrugala J, Griess K, Kirschner P, Nortmann O, Bartosinska B, Köster A, Krupenko NI, Gebel D, Westhoff P, Steckel B, Eberhard D, Herebian D, Belgardt BF, Schrader J, Weber AP, Krupenko SA, Lammert E. Pancreatic islet protection at the expense of secretory function involves serine-linked mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112703. [PMID: 37352100 PMCID: PMC10614219 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
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Pelligra A, Mrugala J, Griess K, Kirschner P, Nortmann O, Bartosinska B, Köster A, Krupenko NI, Gebel D, Westhoff P, Steckel B, Eberhard D, Herebian D, Belgardt BF, Schrader J, Weber APM, Krupenko SA, Lammert E. Pancreatic islet protection at the expense of secretory function involves serine-linked mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112615. [PMID: 37294632 PMCID: PMC10592470 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin hypersecretion followed by reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Here we show that acute stimulation of pancreatic islets with the insulin secretagogue dextrorphan (DXO) or glibenclamide enhances GSIS, whereas chronic treatment with high concentrations of these drugs reduce GSIS but protect islets from cell death. Bulk RNA sequencing of islets shows increased expression of genes for serine-linked mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism (OCM) after chronic, but not acute, stimulation. In chronically stimulated islets, more glucose is metabolized to serine than to citrate, and the mitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio decreases, whereas the NADPH/NADP+ ratio increases. Activating transcription factor-4 (Atf4) is required and sufficient to activate serine-linked mitochondrial OCM genes in islets, with gain- and loss-of-function experiments showing that Atf4 reduces GSIS and is required, but not sufficient, for full DXO-mediated islet protection. In sum, we identify a reversible metabolic pathway that provides islet protection at the expense of secretory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pelligra
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Mrugala
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Griess
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philip Kirschner
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Nortmann
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Bartosinska
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Köster
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natalia I Krupenko
- University of North Carolina (UNC) Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dominik Gebel
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Steckel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sergey A Krupenko
- University of North Carolina (UNC) Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Lubeck M, Derkum NH, Naha R, Strohm R, Driessen MD, Belgardt BF, Roden M, Stühler K, Anand R, Reichert AS, Kondadi AK. MIC26 and MIC27 are bona fide subunits of the MICOS complex in mitochondria and do not exist as glycosylated apolipoproteins. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286756. [PMID: 37279200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairments of mitochondrial functions are linked to human ageing and pathologies such as cancer, cardiomyopathy, neurodegeneration and diabetes. Specifically, aberrations in ultrastructure of mitochondrial inner membrane (IM) and factors regulating them are linked to diabetes. The development of diabetes is connected to the 'Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organising System' (MICOS) complex which is a large membrane protein complex defining the IM architecture. MIC26 and MIC27 are homologous apolipoproteins of the MICOS complex. MIC26 has been reported as a 22 kDa mitochondrial and a 55 kDa glycosylated and secreted protein. The molecular and functional relationship between these MIC26 isoforms has not been investigated. In order to understand their molecular roles, we depleted MIC26 using siRNA and further generated MIC26 and MIC27 knockouts (KOs) in four different human cell lines. In these KOs, we used four anti-MIC26 antibodies and consistently detected the loss of mitochondrial MIC26 (22 kDa) and MIC27 (30 kDa) but not the loss of intracellular or secreted 55 kDa protein. Thus, the protein assigned earlier as 55 kDa MIC26 is nonspecific. We further excluded the presence of a glycosylated, high-molecular weight MIC27 protein. Next, we probed GFP- and myc-tagged variants of MIC26 with antibodies against GFP and myc respectively. Again, only the mitochondrial versions of these tagged proteins were detected but not the corresponding high-molecular weight MIC26, suggesting that MIC26 is indeed not post-translationally modified. Mutagenesis of predicted glycosylation sites in MIC26 also did not affect the detection of the 55 kDa protein band. Mass spectrometry of a band excised from an SDS gel around 55 kDa could not confirm the presence of any peptides derived from MIC26. Taken together, we conclude that both MIC26 and MIC27 are exclusively localized in mitochondria and that the observed phenotypes reported previously are exclusively due to their mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lubeck
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nick H Derkum
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ritam Naha
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecca Strohm
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc D Driessen
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Protein Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Protein Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arun Kumar Kondadi
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Uhlemeyer C, Müller N, Rieck M, Kuboth J, Schlegel C, Grieß K, Dorweiler TF, Heiduschka S, Eckel J, Roden M, Lammert E, Stoffel M, Belgardt BF. Selective ablation of P53 in pancreatic beta cells fails to ameliorate glucose metabolism in genetic, dietary and pharmacological models of diabetes mellitus. Mol Metab 2022; 67:101650. [PMID: 36470401 PMCID: PMC9791454 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Beta cell dysfunction and death are critical steps in the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D), but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Activation of the essential tumor suppressor and transcription factor P53 (also known as TP53 and Trp53 in mice) was linked to beta cell death in vitro and has been reported in several diabetes mouse models and beta cells of humans with T2D. In this article, we set out to determine the beta cell specific role of P53 in beta cell dysfunction, cell death and development of diabetes in vivo. METHODS We generated beta cell specific P53 knockout (P53BKO) mice and used complementary genetic, dietary and pharmacological models of glucose intolerance, beta cell dysfunction and diabetes development to evaluate the functional role of P53 selectively in beta cells. We further analyzed the effect of P53 ablation on beta cell survival in isolated pancreatic islets exposed to diabetogenic stress inducers ex vivo by flow cytometry. RESULTS Beta cell specific ablation of P53/Trp53 failed to ameliorate glucose tolerance, insulin secretion or to increase beta cell numbers in genetic, dietary and pharmacological models of diabetes. Additionally, loss of P53 in beta cells did not protect against streptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemia and beta cell death, although STZ-induced activation of classical pro-apoptotic P53 target genes was significantly reduced in P53BKO mice. In contrast, Olaparib mediated PARP1 inhibition protected against acute ex vivo STZ-induced beta cell death and islet destruction. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that ablation of P53 specifically in beta cells is unexpectedly unable to attenuate beta cell failure and death in vivo and ex vivo. While during development and progression of diabetes, P53 and P53-regulated pathways are activated, our study suggests that P53 signaling is not essential for loss of beta cells or beta cell dysfunction. P53 in other cell types and organs may predominantly regulate systemic glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Uhlemeyer
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Nadine Müller
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Rieck
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kuboth
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Schlegel
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Grieß
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Florian Dorweiler
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Heiduschka
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes, Düsseldorf, Germany,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences (IMHS), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Competence Center Personalized Medicine, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
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Rohbeck E, Hasse B, Koopmans G, Romero A, Belgardt BF, Roden M, Eckel J, Romacho T. Positive allosteric γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor modulation prevents lipotoxicity-induced injury in hepatocytes in vitro. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1498-1508. [PMID: 35434888 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine if a novel positive allosteric modulator of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA ) receptor, the thioacrylamide-derivative HK4, which does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, protects human hepatocytes against lipotoxicity-induced injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Allosteric modulation of the GABAA receptor by HK4 was determined by patch clamp in HEK-293 cells, calcium influx in INS-1E cells and by using the specific GABAA channel blockers picrotoxin and tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) in HepG2 cells. Apoptosis was analysed using caspase 3/7, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and array assays in HepG2 cells and/or human primary hepatocytes. Phosphorylation of STAT3 and the NF-κB subunit p65, protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Patch clamping, calcium influx measurements and apoptosis assays with the non-competitive GABAA channel blockers picrotoxin and TBPS proved HK4 as a selective positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor. In HepG2 cells, which expressed the main GABAA receptor subunits, HK4 prevented palmitate-induced apoptosis. This protective effect was mediated by downregulation of caspase 3/7 activity and was additionally verified by TUNEL assay. HK4 effectively prevented palmitate-induced apoptosis in human primary hepatocytes. HK4 reduced STAT3 and NF-κB phosphorylation, reduced cleaved PARP-1 expression and upregulated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone PDI. CONCLUSIONS HK4 reduced lipotoxic-induced apoptosis by preventing inflammation, DNA damage and ER stress. We propose that the effect of HK4 is mediated by STAT3 and NF-κB. It is suggested that thioacrylamide compounds represent an innovative pharmacological tool to treat or prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis as first-in-class drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rohbeck
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Alejandra Romero
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tania Romacho
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Strom A, Strassburger K, Schmuck M, Shevalye H, Davidson E, Zivehe F, Bönhof G, Reimer R, Belgardt BF, Fleming T, Biermann B, Burkart V, Müssig K, Szendroedi J, Yorek MA, Fritsche E, Nawroth PP, Roden M, Ziegler D. Interaction between magnesium and methylglyoxal in diabetic polyneuropathy and neuronal models. Mol Metab 2020; 43:101114. [PMID: 33166742 PMCID: PMC7704399 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The lack of effective treatments against diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy demands the search for new strategies to combat or prevent the condition. Because reduced magnesium and increased methylglyoxal levels have been implicated in the development of both type 2 diabetes and neuropathic pain, we aimed to assess the putative interplay of both molecules with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Methods In a cross-sectional study, serum magnesium and plasma methylglyoxal levels were measured in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with (n = 51) and without (n = 184) diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy from the German Diabetes Study baseline cohort. Peripheral nerve function was assessed using nerve conduction velocity and quantitative sensory testing. Human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and mouse dorsal root ganglia cells were used to characterize the neurotoxic effect of methylglyoxal and/or neuroprotective effect of magnesium. Results Here, we demonstrate that serum magnesium concentration was reduced in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy and inversely associated with plasma methylglyoxal concentration. Magnesium, methylglyoxal, and, importantly, their interaction were strongly interrelated with methylglyoxal-dependent nerve dysfunction and were predictive of changes in nerve function. Magnesium supplementation prevented methylglyoxal neurotoxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells due to reduction of intracellular methylglyoxal formation, while supplementation with the divalent cations zinc and manganese had no effect on methylglyoxal neurotoxicity. Furthermore, the downregulation of mitochondrial activity in mouse dorsal root ganglia cells and consequently the enrichment of triosephosphates, the primary source of methylglyoxal, resulted in neurite degeneration, which was completely prevented through magnesium supplementation. Conclusions These multifaceted findings reveal a novel putative pathophysiological pathway of hypomagnesemia-induced carbonyl stress leading to neuronal damage and merit further investigations not only for diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy but also other neurodegenerative diseases associated with magnesium deficiency and impaired energy metabolism. Magnesium and methylglyoxal levels were inversely associated in individuals with type 2 diabetes and distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Magnesium, methylglyoxal, and their interaction were associated with methylglyoxal-dependent nerve dysfunction. Under experimental conditions, magnesium supplementation prevented methylglyoxal-mediated neurotoxicity. Magnesium downregulates intracellular methylglyoxal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Strom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Strassburger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Schmuck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hanna Shevalye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Eric Davidson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Fariba Zivehe
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gidon Bönhof
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rudolph Reimer
- Microscopy and Image Analysis Technology Platform, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Biermann
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark A Yorek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA; Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, USA
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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8
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Uhlemeyer C, Müller N, Grieß K, Wessel C, Schlegel C, Kuboth J, Belgardt BF. ATM and P53 differentially regulate pancreatic beta cell survival in Ins1E cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237669. [PMID: 32810137 PMCID: PMC7437460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell death is a hallmark of type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1D/T2D), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Key proteins of the DNA damage response (DDR), including tumor protein P53 (P53, also known as TP53 or TRP53 in rodents) and Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), a kinase known to act upstream of P53, have been associated with T2D. Here we test and compare the effect of ATM and P53 ablation on beta cell survival in the rat beta cell line Ins1E. We demonstrate that ATM and P53 differentially regulate beta cell apoptosis induced upon fundamentally different types of diabetogenic beta cell stress, including DNA damage, inflammation, lipotoxicity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. DNA damage induced apoptosis by treatment with the commonly used diabetogenic agent streptozotocin (STZ) is regulated by both ATM and P53. We show that ATM is a key STZ induced activator of P53 and that amelioration of STZ induced cell death by inhibition of ATM mainly depends on P53. While both P53 and ATM control lipotoxic beta cell apoptosis, ATM but not P53 fails to alter inflammatory beta cell death. In contrast, tunicamycin induced (ER stress associated) apoptosis is further increased by ATM knockdown or inhibition, but not by P53 knockdown. Our results reveal differential roles for P53 and ATM in beta cell survival in vitro in the context of four key pathophysiological types of diabetogenic beta cell stress, and indicate that ATM can use P53 independent signaling pathways to modify beta cell survival, dependent on the cellular insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Uhlemeyer
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Müller
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Grieß
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Wessel
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Schlegel
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kuboth
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Ostermann AL, Wunderlich CM, Schneiders L, Vogt MC, Woeste MA, Belgardt BF, Niessen CM, Martiny B, Schauss AC, Frommolt P, Nikolaev A, Hövelmeyer N, Sears RC, Koch PJ, Günzel D, Brüning JC, Wunderlich FT. Intestinal insulin/IGF1 signalling through FoxO1 regulates epithelial integrity and susceptibility to colon cancer. Nat Metab 2019; 1:371-389. [PMID: 32694718 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity promotes the development of insulin resistance and increases the incidence of colitis-associated cancer (CAC), but whether a blunted insulin action specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) affects CAC is unknown. Here, we show that obesity impairs insulin sensitivity in IECs and that mice with IEC-specific inactivation of the insulin and IGF1 receptors exhibit enhanced CAC development as a consequence of impaired restoration of gut barrier function. Blunted insulin signalling retains the transcription factor FOXO1 in the nucleus to inhibit expression of Dsc3, thereby impairing desmosome formation and epithelial integrity. Both IEC-specific nuclear FoxO1ADA expression and IEC-specific Dsc3 inactivation recapitulate the impaired intestinal integrity and increased CAC burden. Spontaneous colonic tumour formation and compromised intestinal integrity are also observed upon IEC-specific coexpression of FoxO1ADA and a stable Myc variant, thus suggesting a molecular mechanism through which impaired insulin action and nuclear FOXO1 in IECs promotes CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Ostermann
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Cologne, Germany
| | - C M Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - L Schneiders
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - M C Vogt
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - M A Woeste
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - B F Belgardt
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C M Niessen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - B Martiny
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - A C Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - P Frommolt
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - A Nikolaev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - N Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - R C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - P J Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Charles C. Gates Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - D Günzel
- Institute for Clinical Physiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - J C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - F T Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Cologne, Germany.
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10
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Müller N, Wessel C, Grieß K, Polanski C, Belgardt BF. The Tp53 network regulates pancreatic beta cell survival. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Müller
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - C Wessel
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - K Grieß
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - C Polanski
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - BF Belgardt
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
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11
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Grieß K, Polanski C, Markgraf D, Lammert E, Roden M, Stark H, Brüning J, Belgardt BF. The role of ceramide synthases in pancreatic beta cell demise. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Grieß
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Institute for Beta Cell Biology, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Polanski
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Institute for Beta Cell Biology, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - D Markgraf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E Lammert
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Institute for Beta Cell Biology, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Heinrich-Heine University, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H Stark
- Heinrich-Heine University, Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Brüning
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - BF Belgardt
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Institute for Beta Cell Biology, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Carstensen-Kirberg M, Röhrig K, Niersmann C, Ouwens M, Belgardt BF, Roden M, Herder C. Sfrp5 erhöht die glukosestimulierte, aber nicht die basale Insulinsekretion in INS-1E Zellen der Ratte. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Carstensen-Kirberg
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Institut für Klinische Diabetologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Röhrig
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Institut für Klinische Diabetologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Niersmann
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Institut für Klinische Diabetologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Ouwens
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Institut für Klinische Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - BF Belgardt
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Institut für Betazellbiologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Roden
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Institut für Klinische Diabetologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Herder
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Institut für Klinische Diabetologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf, Germany Institute for Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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14
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Soylu R, Hult S, Björklund T, Belgardt BF, Mauer J, Brüning JC, Kirik D, Petersén Å. A24 Hypothalamic expression of mutant huntingtin causes metabolic disturbances in mice. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.222570.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Plum L, Ma X, Hampel B, Münzberg H, Shanabrough M, Rother E, Koch L, Janoschek R, Alber J, Belgardt BF, Krone W, Horvath TL, Ashcroft FM, Brüning JC. Enhanced PIP3 signaling in POMC neurons causes diet-sensitive obesity as the consequence of neuronal silencing via KATP channel activation. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-943791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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