1
|
Trintinaglia M, de Brito KCT, Kobayashi RKT, Otutumi LK, Nakazato G, de Souza Gazal LE, Cruz VD, de Brito BG. Phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of bacteria isolated from the respiratory microbiota of healthy turkeys with potential for probiotic composition. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:381-390. [PMID: 37707656 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Desirable characteristics of Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Klebsiella sp., Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes isolated from the trachea of healthy turkeys were evaluated as probiotic candidates in the search for new alternatives to solve antimicrobial resistance issues in poultry. In current study phenotypic and genotypic capacity to produce bacteriocin-like substances, efficacy to inhibit the growth of avian pathogens, susceptibility to antimicrobials of bacteria isolated from the respiratory microbiota of healthy turkeys, and the presence of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) predictors of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) were evaluated. Nine E. coli and one Klebsiella sp. strains produced bacteriocin-like substances, and all harbored the cvaA gene. Some strains also showed antagonistic activity against APEC. Multidrug-resistant profile was found in 54% of the strains. Six strains of bacteriocin-like substances producing E. coli also harbored 3-5 VAGs. The study showed that two bacterial genuses (Klebsiella sp. and E. coli) present desirable probiotic characteristics. Our results identified strains with potential for poultry's respiratory probiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Trintinaglia
- Secretariat of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research - Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Eldorado do Sul, (RS), Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Tagliari de Brito
- Secretariat of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research - Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Eldorado do Sul, (RS), Brazil.
| | | | - Luciana Kazue Otutumi
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products), Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Benito Guimarães de Brito
- Secretariat of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research - Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Eldorado do Sul, (RS), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Borges KA, Furian TQ, de Brito BG, de Brito KCT, da Rocha DT, Salle CTP, Moraes HLDS, do Nascimento VP. Characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates based on biofilm formation, ESBL production, virulence-associated genes, and phylogenetic groups. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2413-2425. [PMID: 37344657 PMCID: PMC10485228 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a part of both animal and human commensal microbiota. Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is responsible for colibacillosis in poultry, an economically important disease. However, the close similarities among APEC isolates make it difficult to differentiate between pathogenic and commensal bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine phenotypic and molecular characteristics of APEC isolates and to compare them with their in vivo pathogenicity indices. A total of 198 APEC isolates were evaluated for their biofilm-producing ability and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production phenotypes. In addition, 36 virulence-associated genes were detected, and the isolates were classified into seven phylogenetic groups using polymerase chain reaction. The sources of the isolates were not associated with biofilms, ESBL, genes, or phylogroups. Biofilm and ESBL production were not associated with pathogenicity. Group B2 had the highest pathogenicity index. Groups B2 and E were positively associated with high-pathogenicity isolates and negatively associated with low-pathogenicity isolates. In contrast, groups A and C were positively associated with apathogenic isolates, and group B1 was positively associated with low-pathogenicity isolates. Some virulence-associated genes showed positive or negative associations with specific phylogenetic groups. None of the individual techniques produced results that correlated with the in vivo pathogenicity index. However, the combination of two techniques, namely, detection of virulence-associated genes and the phylogenetic groups, could help the classification of the isolates as pathogenic or commensal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Apellanis Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Thales Quedi Furian
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Benito Guimarães de Brito
- Departamento de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Do Conde 6000, Eldorado Do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Tagliari de Brito
- Departamento de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Do Conde 6000, Eldorado Do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Tadeu Pippi Salle
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Luiz de Souza Moraes
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Pinheiro do Nascimento
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soares BD, de Brito KCT, Grassotti TT, Filho HCK, de Camargo TCL, Carvalho D, Dorneles IC, Otutumi LK, Cavalli LS, de Brito BG. Respiratory microbiota of healthy broilers can act as reservoirs for multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 79:101700. [PMID: 34507109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluate the presence and to study characteristics of Escherichia coli in the respiratory system microbiota of healthy broilers. Trachea, air sacs, and lungs of 20 broilers were analyzed at 21 days of age, reared in experimental conditions, without receiving antimicrobials. E. coli strains were isolated and identified using conventional bacteriology through morphological and biochemical characterization. The production of bacteriocin-like substances, the presence of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) of APEC (Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli) predictors, and the antimicrobial susceptibility were evaluated. E. coli was found in 85 % of the animals (17/20), in the trachea, air sacs or lungs; and it was not found in 15 % of the animals (3/20). A total of 34 isolates were recovered, 13 from the air sacs, 13 from the lungs, and 8 from the trachea, which showed no production of bacteriocin-like substances nor virulence genes associated with APEC. Most isolates, 59 % (20/34), showed resistance to at least one of the tested antimicrobials, and six multiresistant strains were identified. The results demonstrated that strains of E. coli were commensal of the respiratory microbiota, and that they did not present pathogenicity to the host, since there were no clinical signs of disease, macroscopic lesions in the organs of the evaluated broilers, production of bacteriocin-like substances, nor virulence-associated genes considered as predictors of APEC in bacteria. These strains of E. coli were mostly susceptible to antimicrobials. However, the occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains suggests that these animals can act as reservoirs of resistant to antimicrobials E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dugaich Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Tagliari de Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil.
| | - Tiela Trapp Grassotti
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Hiran Castagnino Kunert Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Taiara Carolaine Leal de Camargo
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Daiane Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Izabela Camilotti Dorneles
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, UniversidadeParanaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana Kazue Otutumi
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, UniversidadeParanaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Lissandra Souto Cavalli
- Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Gonçalves Dias, 570, Menino Deus, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.130-060, Brazil
| | - Benito Guimarães de Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kimura AH, Koga VL, de Souza Gazal LE, de Brito BG, de Brito KCT, Navarro-Ocaña A, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT. Characterization of multidrug-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli: an outbreak in canaries. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1005-1012. [PMID: 33566322 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The canary (Serinus canaria) is appreciated for its beautiful song, colors, and docile temperament and drives a lucrative business. However, diseases caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) compromise the health of canaries, and the inadequate antimicrobial treatment can lead to the emergence of resistant strains. This study aimed to characterize 21 isolates of E. coli obtained from canaries infected with colibacillosis during an outbreak in northern Paraná State, Brazil. APEC and diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) virulence genes were screened for by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All isolates were positive for the hlyF, iss, and ompT genes, which are characteristic of APEC. The iroN gene was found in 95.2% of isolates, and none had the iutA gene. The ipaH gene, characteristic of enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), was found in 71.4% of isolates, all belonging to the phylogenetic group B1. High genetic similarity (>95%) was found using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). The isolates belonged to serotypes O117:H4 (71.4%) and O1:H20 (23.8%). This is the first report of a clonal colibacillosis outbreak in canaries caused by APEC. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline. The high rate of multidrug resistance in our study shows the importance of avoiding the inadequate antibiotic treatment. We suggest that further studies should be conducted to contribute to the understanding of colibacillosis in canaries since the health of animals is linked to human and environmental health, as defined by the concept of One Health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Hitomi Kimura
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lumi Koga
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luís Eduardo de Souza Gazal
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Benito Guimarães de Brito
- Avian Health Laboratory, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural Development, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Tagliari de Brito
- Avian Health Laboratory, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural Development, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Armando Navarro-Ocaña
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gazal LEDS, Medeiros LP, Dibo M, Nishio EK, Koga VL, Gonçalves BC, Grassotti TT, de Camargo TCL, Pinheiro JJ, Vespero EC, de Brito KCT, de Brito BG, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT. Detection of ESBL/AmpC-Producing and Fosfomycin-Resistant Escherichia coli From Different Sources in Poultry Production in Southern Brazil. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:604544. [PMID: 33505374 PMCID: PMC7829455 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.604544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study discussed the use of antimicrobials in the commercial chicken production system and the possible factors influencing the presence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producers strains in the broiler production chain. The aim of this study was to perform longitudinal monitoring of ESBL-producing and fosfomycin-resistant Escherichia coli from poultry farms in southern Brazil (Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states) and determine the possible critical points that may be reservoirs for these strains. Samples of poultry litter, cloacal swabs, poultry feed, water, and beetles (Alphitobius sp.) were collected during three distinct samplings. Phenotypic and genotypic tests were performed for characterization of antimicrobial resistant strains. A total of 117 strains were isolated and 78 (66%) were positive for ESBL production. The poultry litter presented ESBL positive strains in all three sampled periods, whereas the cloacal swab presented positive strains only from the second period. The poultry litter represents a significant risk factor mainly at the beginning poultry production (odds ratio 6.43, 95% confidence interval 1-41.21, p < 0.05). All beetles presented ESBL positive strains. The predominant gene was bla CTX-M group 2, which occurred in approximately 55% of the ESBL-producing E. coli. The cit gene was found in approximately 13% of the ESBL-producing E. coli as AmpC type determinants. A total of 19 out of 26 fosfomycin-resistant strains showed the fosA3 gene, all of which produced ESBL. The correlation between fosA3 and bla CTX-M group 1 (bla CTX-M55 ) genes was significant among ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from Paraná (OR 3.66, 95% CI 1.9-9.68) and these genetic determinants can be transmitted by conjugation to broiler chicken microbiota strains. Our data revealed that poultry litter and beetles were critical points during poultry production and the presence of fosfomycin-resistant strains indicate the possibility of risks associated with the use of this antimicrobial during production. Furthermore, the genetic determinants encoding CTX-M and fosA3 enzymes can be transferred to E. coli strains from broiler chicken microbiota, thereby creating a risk to public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Pinto Medeiros
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Miriam Dibo
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Erick Kenji Nishio
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lumi Koga
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carolina Gonçalves
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tiela Trapp Grassotti
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Avian Health Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural and Development, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taiara Carolaine Leal de Camargo
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Avian Health Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural and Development, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Juliano Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Avian Health Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural and Development, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliana Carolina Vespero
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Tagliari de Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Avian Health Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural and Development, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Benito Guimarães de Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Avian Health Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural and Development, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carvalho D, Kunert-Filho HC, Simoni C, de Moraes LB, Furian TQ, Borges KA, Breunig JG, Medeiros LP, Kobayashi RKT, de Brito KCT, de Brito BG. Antimicrobial susceptibility and detection of virulence-associated genes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Brazil. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:735-745. [PMID: 32180120 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overpopulation of domestic pigeons is considered to be one of the major problems of urban centers, as these birds are responsible for the dissemination of relevant pathogens to animal and human health. The aim of this study was to detect potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in domestic pigeons captured in areas near silos used for grain and feed storage, analyzing the antimicrobial sensitivity and the presence of virulence-associated genes. We evaluated 41 pigeons. From each bird, cecal contents and a pool of viscera (heart, spleen, and liver) were collected. Fifty strains of E. coli and three strains of S. Typhimurium were isolated. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay showed that 2% of the isolates of E. coli were resistant to chloramphenicol and the combination of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim and 4% to tetracycline, doxycycline, and sulfonamide. The three S. Typhimurium strains were sensitive to all antimicrobials tested. The pathogenicity profile demonstrated that no E. coli isolates showed a STEC compatible profile. Regarding the APEC pathotype, all genes were observed in 8% of E. coli, 6% had only the iss gene and 4% presented ompT, hlyF, and iutA genes. invA, hilA, avrA, and lpfA genes were detected in 100% of Salmonella isolates. The sitC and pefA genes were only present in one strain and the remaining genes were detected in two. In conclusion, it was found that pigeons living in the vicinity of silos are carriers of important pathogens, and control measures should be taken to minimize animal and human health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Carvalho
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Hiran Castagnino Kunert-Filho
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Cintia Simoni
- Laboratório de Saúde das Aves & Inovação Tecnológica, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Brunelli de Moraes
- Laboratório de Histopatologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Thales Quedi Furian
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Karen Apellanis Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Jônatas Grellmann Breunig
- Laboratório de Saúde das Aves & Inovação Tecnológica, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pinto Medeiros
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 - Km 380, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 - Km 380, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Tagliari de Brito
- Laboratório de Saúde das Aves & Inovação Tecnológica, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Benito Guimarães de Brito
- Laboratório de Saúde das Aves & Inovação Tecnológica, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gazal LEDS, Brito KCTD, Kobayashi RKT, Nakazato G, Cavalli LS, Otutumi LK, Brito BGD. Antimicrobials and resistant bacteria in global fish farming and the possible risk for public health. Arq Inst Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000362019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The use of antimicrobials in fish farming is a reflection of the fast aquaculture development worldwide. The intensification of aquaculture to achieve market demands could lead to an increase in infectious diseases by pathogenic bacteria. Consequently, antimicrobials act as controls for emerging infectious diseases, but their use must follow the rules and regulations of the country where the activity is performed. Although the regulations impose limits to the use of antimicrobials in fish farming, many studies show that resistant bacteria are isolated from this system. The selection of resistant bacteria is not limited only to the use of antimicrobials, but also to co-selection of resistance genes or even with cross-resistance processes. Resistant bacteria from fish farming are a serious concern because they can be acquired by humans with handling or food chain, which may represent a public health problem. In the present review, we present an overview of antimicrobials use in aquaculture, the antimicrobial resistance and the impact of antimicrobial and bacterial resistance from a public health perspective.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cyoia PS, Koga VL, Nishio EK, Houle S, Dozois CM, de Brito KCT, de Brito BG, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT. Distribution of ExPEC Virulence Factors, bla CTX-M, fosA3, and mcr-1 in Escherichia coli Isolated From Commercialized Chicken Carcasses. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3254. [PMID: 30692971 PMCID: PMC6339928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli found in humans and poultry carcasses harbor similar virulence and resistance genes. The present study aimed to analyze the distribution of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence factors (VF), blaCTX−M groups, fosA3, and mcr-1 genes in E. coli isolated from commercialized chicken carcasses in southern Brazil and to evaluate their pathogenic risk. A total of 409 E. coli strains were isolated and characterized for genes encoding virulence factors described in ExPEC. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing confirmed that the strains were resistant to β-lactams, fosfomycin, colistin, and others resistance groups. The highest prevalence of VFs was observed in isolates belonging to the CTX-M groups, especially the CTX-M-2 group, when compared to those in other susceptible strains or strains with different mechanisms of resistance. Furthermore, ESBL strains were found to be 1.40 times more likely to contain three to five ExPEC virulence genes than non-ESBL strains. Our findings revealed the successful conjugation between ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from chicken carcass and the E. coli recipient strain J53, which suggested that genetic determinants encoding CTX-M enzymes may have originated from animals and could be transmitted to humans via food chain. In summary, chicken meat is a potential reservoir of MDR E. coli strains harboring resistance and virulence genes that could pose serious risks to human public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Signolfi Cyoia
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Sciences Biological, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lumi Koga
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Sciences Biological, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Erick Kenji Nishio
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Sciences Biological, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Houle
- Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Charles M Dozois
- Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly Cristina Tagliari de Brito
- Avian Health Laboratory & Technical Innovation, Institute of Veterinary Research Desiderio Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Benito Guimarães de Brito
- Avian Health Laboratory & Technical Innovation, Institute of Veterinary Research Desiderio Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Sciences Biological, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Oliveira PK, Cavalli RS, Kunert Filho HC, Carvalho D, Benedetti N, Rotta MA, Peixoto Ramos AS, de Brito KCT, de Brito BG, da Rocha AF, Stech MR, Cavalli LS. Occupational Health and Safety in Aquaculture: Insights on Brazilian Public Policies. J Agromedicine 2017; 22:148-158. [PMID: 28129078 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2017.1283275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture has many occupational hazards, including those that are physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and mechanical. The risks in aquaculture are inherent, as this activity requires particular practices. The objective of the present study was to show the risks associated with the aquaculture sector and present a critical overview on the Brazilian public policies concerning aquaculture occupational health. Methods include online research involved web searches and electronic databases including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scielo and government databases. We conducted a careful revision of Brazilian labor laws related to occupational health and safety, rural workers, and aquaculture. The results and conclusion support the idea that aquaculture requires specific and well-established industry programs and policies, especially in developing countries. Aquaculture still lacks scientific research, strategies, laws, and public policies to boost the sector with regard to occupational health and safety. The establishment of a safe workplace in aquaculture in developing countries remains a challenge for all involved in employer-employee relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daiane Carvalho
- a Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Nadine Benedetti
- a Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Rotta
- a Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcia Regina Stech
- a Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barbieri NL, de Oliveira AL, Tejkowski TM, Pavanelo DB, Matter LB, Pinheiro SRS, Vaz TMI, Nolan LK, Logue CM, de Brito BG, Horn F. Molecular characterization and clonal relationships among Escherichia coli strains isolated from broiler chickens with colisepticemia. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 12:74-83. [PMID: 25514382 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized 52 Escherichia coli isolates from distinct diseased organs of 29 broiler chickens with clinical symptoms of colibacillosis in the Southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Thirty-eight isolates were highly virulent and 14 were virtually avirulent in 1-day-old chicks, yet all isolates harbored virulence factors characteristic of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), including those related to adhesion, iron acquisition, and serum resistance. E. coli reference collection phylogenetic typing showed that isolates belonged mostly to group D (39%), followed by group A (29%), group B1 (17%), and group B2 (15%). Phylogenetic analyses using the Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis and pulse-field gel electrophoresis methods were used to discriminate among isolates displaying the same serotype, revealing that five birds were infected with two distinct APEC strains. Among the 52 avian isolates, 2 were members of the pandemic E. coli O25:H4-B2-ST131 clone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Lima Barbieri
- 1 Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barbieri NL, de Oliveira AL, Tejkowski TM, Pavanelo DB, Rocha DA, Matter LB, Callegari-Jacques SM, de Brito BG, Horn F. Genotypes and pathogenicity of cellulitis isolates reveal traits that modulate APEC virulence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72322. [PMID: 23977279 PMCID: PMC3747128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized 144 Escherichia coli isolates from severe cellulitis lesions in broiler chickens from South Brazil. Analysis of susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials revealed frequencies of resistance of less than 30% for most antimicrobials except tetracycline (70%) and sulphonamides (60%). The genotyping of 34 virulence-associated genes revealed that all the isolates harbored virulence factors related to adhesion, iron acquisition and serum resistance, which are characteristic of the avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) pathotype. ColV plasmid-associated genes (cvi/cva, iroN, iss, iucD, sitD, traT, tsh) were especially frequent among the isolates (from 66.6% to 89.6%). According to the Clermont method of ECOR phylogenetic typing, isolates belonged to group D (47.2%), to group A (27.8%), to group B2 (17.4%) and to group B1 (7.6%); the group B2 isolates contained the highest number of virulence-associated genes. Clonal relationship analysis using the ARDRA method revealed a similarity level of 57% or higher among isolates, but no endemic clone. The virulence of the isolates was confirmed in vivo in one-day-old chicks. Most isolates (72.9%) killed all infected chicks within 7 days, and 65 isolates (38.1%) killed most of them within 24 hours. In order to analyze differences in virulence among the APEC isolates, we created a pathogenicity score by combining the times of death with the clinical symptoms noted. By looking for significant associations between the presence of virulence-associated genes and the pathogenicity score, we found that the presence of genes for invasins ibeA and gimB and for group II capsule KpsMTII increased virulence, while the presence of pic decreased virulence. The fact that ibeA, gimB and KpsMTII are characteristic of neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC) suggests that genes of NMEC in APEC increase virulence of strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Lima Barbieri
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Luísa de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreira Tejkowski
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Brisotto Pavanelo
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Débora Assumpção Rocha
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Letícia Beatriz Matter
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiana Horn
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barbieri NL, Tejkowski TM, de Oliveira AL, de Brito BG, Horn F. Characterization of extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolated from a peacock (Pavo cristatus) with colisepticemia. Avian Dis 2012; 56:436-40. [PMID: 22856209 DOI: 10.1637/9921-090811-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Extraintestinal infections by avian pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (APEC) are commonly reported in poultry, but there is little information on infections by APEC in other bird species. Here we report on the characterization of extraintestinal E. coli isolated from a domesticated peacock, from the south of Brazil, that died of colisepticemia. Necropsy examination revealed congested liver, hypertrophied kidneys, peritonitis, severe typhlitis suggestive of coligranuloma, pneumonia, and airsacculitis--typical signs of colisepticemia. The isolates from lungs, kidney, heart, intestine, liver, and bone marrow all harbored the same virulence-associated factors (iucD, colV, iss, mat, fimC, ompA, traT crl, csgA vgrG, and hcp), yielded the same band pattern in amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, and were allocated to the Escherichia coli Reference Collection group B1. The isolates were resistant to bacitracin, trimethoprim, and tetracycline, but displayed slight differences in their resistance to other antimicrobials. The isolates also differed in their virulence in 1-day-old chickens, but none displayed high virulence in vivo. We conclude that the peacock died of colisepticemia after it was infected with an extraintestinal E. coli strain of low virulence that nevertheless harbored virulence factors generally associated with APEC. This study represents the first characterization of an APEC isolated from a nonpoultry bird species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Lima Barbieri
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, the causative agent of colibacillosis, harbors several putative virulence genes. In this study we examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the presence of 16 of those genes in 200 colibacillosis isolates from our region. The seven virulence genes iutA, iss, cvaC, tsh, papC, papG and felA were detected significantly more often amongst colibacillosis isolates than in fecal isolates from healthy birds, thereby confirming their worldwide occurrence and possible pathogenic role in colibacillosis. However, several of those genes were not detected in many colibacillosis isolates, and none of them were detected in 27.5% of those isolates, which suggests that variants of those genes and yet undetected virulence factors should be searched for.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine R Delicato
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Brito BG, Gaziri LCJ, Vidotto MC. Virulence factors and clonal relationships among Escherichia coli strains isolated from broiler chickens with cellulitis. Infect Immun 2003; 71:4175-7. [PMID: 12819112 PMCID: PMC162012 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.7.4175-4177.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared Escherichia coli isolates from chickens with avian cellulitis with those from feces of healthy chickens. Cellulitis-derived strains presented phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of greater virulence than did the fecal isolates. Phylogenetic analysis by repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR showed that, in agreement with their virulence characteristics, the cellulitis isolates form two clonal groups distinct from the fecal isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benito Guimarães de Brito
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
In this study, we determined the occurrence of the tsh gene among 305 Escherichia coli isolates from chickens by means of the polymerase chain reaction and agglutination of chicken erythrocytes; 200 of those isolates were obtained from chickens with colisepticemia, 52 isolates were from lesions of cellulitis, and 53 were from feces of normal chickens. The tsh gene was found in 79 (39.5%) isolates from colisepticemia, in 10 (19%) cellulitis-derived E. coli isolates, and in two (3.8%) fecal isolates. Among the tsh+ strains, 68 (86%) isolates from colisepticemia and nine (90%) from cellulitis agglutinated chicken erythrocytes in the presence of mannose, after growing the strains on colonization factor antigen agar plates at 26 C, which confirms a correlation between mannose-resistant hemagglutination and expression of hemagglutinin Tsh. These results show, for the first time, the presence of the gene tsh in cellulitis-derived E. coli isolates; the high frequency of this gene among avian pathogenic E. coli isolates in Brazil indicates that its putative role as a virulence factor should be studied more thoroughly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine R Delicato
- Depto de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|