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Luzum NR, Hamel BL, Shafiro V, Harris MS. Identification Accuracy of Safety-Relevant Environmental Sounds in Adult Cochlear Implant Users. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:2388-2393. [PMID: 36317721 PMCID: PMC10149563 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine cochlear implant (CI) users' ability to identify safety-relevant environmental sounds, imperative for safety, independence, and personal well-being. METHODS Twenty-one experienced adult CI users completed an Environmental Sound Identification (ESI) test consisting of 42 common environmental sounds, 28 of which were relevant to personal safety, along with 14 control sounds. Prior to sound identification, participants were shown sound names and asked to rate the familiarity and, separately, relevance to safety of each corresponding sound on a 1-5 scale. RESULTS Overall ESI accuracy was 57% correct for the safety-relevant sounds and 55% correct for control sounds. Participants rated safety-relevant sounds as more important to safety and more familiar than the non-safety sounds. ESI accuracy significantly correlated with familiarity ratings. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest mediocre ESI accuracy in postlingual adult CI users for safety-relevant and other environmental sounds. Deficits in the identification of these sounds may put CI listeners at increased risk of accidents or injuries and may require a specific rehabilitation program to improve CI outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 133:2388-2393, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin L. Hamel
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Valeriy Shafiro
- Department of Communication Disorders & Sciences, College of Health Sciences & Graduate College, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael S. Harris
- Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Hamel BL, Patel J, Still J, Joshi A. A diagnostic quandary: Rotavirus vaccine associated diarrhea. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00715-6. [PMID: 37336660 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The patient is an otherwise healthy two-month-old boy who received the recommended vaccinations for his age group, which included the rotavirus pentavalent vaccine (RV5; RotaTeq) at his two-month well child visit. Three days later, he developed prolonged non-bloody diarrhea and was found to have persistently positive rotavirus antigen in his stool. Subsequent workup revealed mild defects in his functional T-cell immunocompetence. Genetic testing was obtained through the Invitae panel and was negative for hereditary forms of primary immunodeficiencies. The rotavirus antigen was found to have cleared from his stool around four months after receiving the RV5. Unfortunately, the source of the rotavirus infection was unable to be determined. The caregivers had misconceptions about the vaccine and the child's immune system function which led to refusal of any further vaccinations. Healthcare providers should strive to develop honest and respectful relationships with parents to have thoughtful dialogues regarding vaccine safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Hamel
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States.
| | - Jenny Patel
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States
| | - Jenna Still
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States
| | - Avni Joshi
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States
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Cardenas MC, Farnan S, Hamel BL, Mejia Plazas MC, Sintim-Aboagye E, Littlefield DR, Behl S, Punia S, Enninga EAL, Johnson E, Temesgen Z, Theiler R, Gray CM, Chakraborty R. Prevention of the Vertical Transmission of HIV; A Recap of the Journey so Far. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040849. [PMID: 37112830 PMCID: PMC10142818 DOI: 10.3390/v15040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1989, one in four (25%) infants born to women living with HIV were infected; by the age of 2 years, there was 25% mortality among them due to HIV. These and other pieces of data prompted the development of interventions to offset vertical transmission, including the landmark Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trial Group Study (PACTG 076) in 1994. This study reported a 67.5% reduction in perinatal HIV transmission with prophylactic antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal zidovudine. Numerous studies since then have provided compelling evidence to further optimize interventions, such that annual transmission rates of 0% are now reported by many health departments in the US and elimination has been validated in several countries around the world. Despite this success, the elimination of HIV’s vertical transmission on the global scale remains a work in progress, limited by socioeconomic factors such as the prohibitive cost of antiretrovirals. Here, we review some of the key trials underpinning the development of guidelines in the US as well as globally, and discuss the evidence through a historic lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Cardenas
- Pediatric Residency Program, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sheila Farnan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Hamel
- Pediatric Residency Program, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maria Camila Mejia Plazas
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Pediatric Residency Program, Nicklaus Children’s Hospital, 3100 SW 62nd Ave, Miami, FL 33155, USA
| | - Elise Sintim-Aboagye
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dawn R. Littlefield
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Supriya Behl
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sohan Punia
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ann L Enninga
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 33155, USA
| | - Erica Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Zelalem Temesgen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Regan Theiler
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 33155, USA
| | - Clive M. Gray
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-507-293-9531
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Harris MS, Hamel BL, Wichert K, Kozlowski K, Mleziva S, Ray C, Pisoni DB, Kronenberger WG, Moberly AC. Contribution of Verbal Learning & Memory and Spectro-Temporal Discrimination to Speech Recognition in Cochlear Implant Users. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:661-669. [PMID: 35567421 PMCID: PMC9659673 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Existing cochlear implant (CI) outcomes research demonstrates a high degree of variability in device effectiveness among experienced CI users. Increasing evidence suggests that verbal learning and memory (VL&M) may have an influence on speech recognition with CIs. This study examined the relations in CI users between visual measures of VL&M and speech recognition in a series of models that also incorporated spectro-temporal discrimination. Predictions were that (1) speech recognition would be associated with VL&M abilities and (2) VL&M would contribute to speech recognition outcomes above and beyond spectro-temporal discrimination in multivariable models of speech recognition. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 30 adult postlingually deaf experienced CI users who completed a nonauditory visual version of the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (v-CVLT-II) to assess VL&M, and the Spectral-Temporally Modulated Ripple Test (SMRT), an auditory measure of spectro-temporal processing. Participants also completed a battery of word and sentence recognition tasks. RESULTS CI users showed significant correlations between some v-CVLT-II measures (short-delay free- and cued-recall, retroactive interference, and "subjective" organizational recall strategies) and speech recognition measures. Performance on the SMRT was correlated with all speech recognition measures. Hierarchical multivariable linear regression analyses showed that SMRT performance accounted for a significant degree of speech recognition outcome variance. Moreover, for all speech recognition measures, VL&M scores contributed independently in addition to SMRT. CONCLUSION Measures of spectro-temporal discrimination and VL&M were associated with speech recognition in CI users. After accounting for spectro-temporal discrimination, VL&M contributed independently to performance on measures of speech recognition for words and sentences produced by single and multiple talkers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 133:661-669, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Harris
- Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Kristin Wichert
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI
| | - Kristin Kozlowski
- Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Sarah Mleziva
- Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Christin Ray
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - David B. Pisoni
- Speech Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | | | - Aaron C. Moberly
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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Hamel BL, Kumar S, Heidenreich L, Joshi A, DaSilva C, Asumda FZ. A novel case of homozygous PAX1 mutation associated with hypoparathyroidism. Ther Adv Rare Dis 2023; 4:26330040231158776. [PMID: 37197558 PMCID: PMC10184197 DOI: 10.1177/26330040231158776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The PAX1 gene plays an important role in the development of the parathyroid glands and the thymus. Mouse knockout models of PAX1, PAX3, and PAX9 have been found to have hypoplastic or absent parathyroid glands. To our knowledge, there are no reported cases of PAX1-associated hypoparathyroidism in humans. We present a case of hypoparathyroidism in a 23-month-old boy with a homozygous pathogenic variant in the PAX1 gene (PAX1 NM_006192.5 c.463_465del variant), predicted to cause an in-frame deletion of asparagine at position 155 (p.Asn155del) of the PAX1 protein. The hypoparathyroidism was unmasked after the patient developed significant hypocalcemia while receiving GoLYTELY (polyethylene glycol 3350, sodium sulfate anhydrous, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride) for bowel cleanout. The patient had mild and asymptomatic hypocalcemia prior to hospitalization. The patient was noted to have inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) level at the time of documented hypocalcemia thereby suggesting a diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. Plain language summary The first human case of hypoparathyroidism associated with a rare genetic disorder: a case report of PAX1 gene mutation The paired box (PAX) gene family is important for embryo development. One subfamily, PAX1, is necessary for development of the spinal column, thymus (important for the immune system development), and parathyroid (helps regulate the amount of calcium in the body). We present the case of a 23-month-old boy with known PAX1 gene mutation who came in with episodes of vomiting and poor growth. His presentation was thought to be most likely related to constipation. He was started on bowel cleanout medication and intravenous fluids. However, his calcium that had been mildly low subsequently dropped to very low levels. The level of parathyroid hormone (which helps regulate calcium levels) was inappropriately normal, meaning that his body was unable to make more, and was consistent with hypoparathyroidism. He was treated with calcium supplements and vitamin D and calcium levels normalized. He continues to be on calcium and vitamin D and calcium levels have remained stable. Doctors should keep this complication in mind when treating patients with PAX1 gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seema Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Avni Joshi
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Hamel BL, Mason SF, Burek AG, Holland KE. A Rare Case of Acne Medication-Induced Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms. WMJ 2022; 121:E53-E56. [PMID: 36301660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acne vulgaris is the most common skin condition in late adolescence and frequently requires systemic treatment with antibiotics or androgen receptor blockers in moderateto- severe cases. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 17-year-old adolescent female with new onset fever, headache, and pruritic rash 1 month after she started doxycycline and spironolactone for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Later, she developed eosinophilia and transaminitis. Infectious workup was negative. DISCUSSION This presentation was consistent with a definite case of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). DRESS is a severe, systemic hypersensitivity drug reaction that typically occurs 2 to 8 weeks following exposure to the offending medication. CONCLUSIONS Although doxycycline and spironolactone are uncommon triggers of DRESS, they are common medications used to treat acne, and clinicians should be aware of this potential complication when counseling patients, especially adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Hamel
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
| | - Sadie F Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alina G Burek
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kristen E Holland
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Hamel BL, Vasil K, Shafiro V, Moberly AC, Harris MS. Safety‐relevant environmental sound identification in cochlear implant candidates and users. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:1547-1551. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.28285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Hamel
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Kara Vasil
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Valeriy Shafiro
- Department of Communication Disorders and SciencesRush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Aaron C. Moberly
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Michael S. Harris
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication SciencesMedical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin
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