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Stroud JT, Delory BM, Barnes EM, Chase JM, De Meester L, Dieskau J, Grainger TN, Halliday FW, Kardol P, Knight TM, Ladouceur E, Little CJ, Roscher C, Sarneel JM, Temperton VM, van Steijn TLH, Werner CM, Wood CW, Fukami T. Priority effects transcend scales and disciplines in biology. Trends Ecol Evol 2024:S0169-5347(24)00041-7. [PMID: 38508922 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Although primarily studied through the lens of community ecology, phenomena consistent with priority effects appear to be widespread across many different scenarios spanning a broad range of spatial, temporal, and biological scales. However, communication between these research fields is inconsistent and has resulted in a fragmented co-citation landscape, likely due to the diversity of terms used to refer to priority effects across these fields. We review these related terms, and the biological contexts in which they are used, to facilitate greater cross-disciplinary cohesion in research on priority effects. In breaking down these semantic barriers, we aim to provide a framework to better understand the conditions and mechanisms of priority effects, and their consequences across spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Stroud
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - B M Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - E M Barnes
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - J M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - L De Meester
- Leibniz Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Dieskau
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther University, Germany
| | - T N Grainger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - F W Halliday
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - P Kardol
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - T M Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle (Saale), Germany; Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E Ladouceur
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - C J Little
- School of Environmental Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - C Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - J M Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - V M Temperton
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - T L H van Steijn
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - C M Werner
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Sustainability, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR 97520, USA
| | - C W Wood
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T Fukami
- Departments of Biology and Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Delory BM, Callaway RM, Semchenko M. A trait-based framework linking the soil metabolome to plant-soil feedbacks. New Phytol 2024; 241:1910-1921. [PMID: 38124274 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
By modifying the biotic and abiotic properties of the soil, plants create soil legacies that can affect vegetation dynamics through plant-soil feedbacks (PSF). PSF are generally attributed to reciprocal effects of plants and soil biota, but these interactions can also drive changes in the identity, diversity and abundance of soil metabolites, leading to more or less persistent soil chemical legacies whose role in mediating PSF has rarely been considered. These chemical legacies may interact with microbial or nutrient legacies to affect species coexistence. Given the ecological importance of chemical interactions between plants and other organisms, a better understanding of soil chemical legacies is needed in community ecology. In this Viewpoint, we aim to: highlight the importance of belowground chemical interactions for PSF; define and integrate soil chemical legacies into PSF research by clarifying how the soil metabolome can contribute to PSF; discuss how functional traits can help predict these plant-soil interactions; propose an experimental approach to quantify plant responses to the soil solution metabolome; and describe a testable framework relying on root economics and seed dispersal traits to predict how plant species affect the soil metabolome and how they could respond to soil chemical legacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, 21335, Germany
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Marina Semchenko
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
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3
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Chao A, Chiu CH, Hu KH, van der Plas F, Cadotte MW, Mitesser O, Thorn S, Mori AS, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Eisenhauer N, Bässler C, Delory BM, Feldhaar H, Fichtner A, Hothorn T, Peters MK, Pierick K, von Oheimb G, Müller J. Hill-Chao numbers allow decomposing gamma multifunctionality into alpha and beta components. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14336. [PMID: 38073071 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has provided strong evidence and mechanistic underpinnings to support positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning, from single to multiple functions. This research has provided knowledge gained mainly at the local alpha scale (i.e. within ecosystems), but the increasing homogenization of landscapes in the Anthropocene has raised the potential that declining biodiversity at the beta (across ecosystems) and gamma scales is likely to also impact ecosystem functioning. Drawing on biodiversity theory, we propose a new statistical framework based on Hill-Chao numbers. The framework allows decomposition of multifunctionality at gamma scales into alpha and beta components, a critical but hitherto missing tool in BEF research; it also allows weighting of individual ecosystem functions. Through the proposed decomposition, new BEF results for beta and gamma scales are discovered. Our novel approach is applicable across ecosystems and connects local- and landscape-scale BEF assessments from experiments to natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsiang Hu
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver Mitesser
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, Biodiversity Center, Gießen, Germany
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Conservation Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Ecology of Fungi, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Hothorn
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcell K Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Pierick
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
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Ray T, Delory BM, Beugnon R, Bruelheide H, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N, Ferlian O, Quosh J, von Oheimb G, Fichtner A. Tree diversity increases productivity through enhancing structural complexity across mycorrhizal types. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi2362. [PMID: 37801499 PMCID: PMC10558120 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Tree species diversity and mycorrhizal associations play a central role for forest productivity, but factors driving positive biodiversity-productivity relationships remain poorly understood. In a biodiversity experiment manipulating tree diversity and mycorrhizal associations, we examined the roles of above- and belowground processes in modulating wood productivity in young temperate tree communities and potential underlying mechanisms. We found that tree species richness, but not mycorrhizal associations, increased forest productivity by enhancing aboveground structural complexity within communities. Structurally complex communities were almost twice as productive as structurally simple stands, particularly when light interception was high. We further demonstrate that overyielding was largely explained by positive net biodiversity effects on structural complexity with functional variation in shade tolerance and taxonomic diversity being key drivers of structural complexity in mixtures. Consideration of stand structural complexity appears to be a crucial element in predicting carbon sequestration in the early successional stages of mixed-species forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tama Ray
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Benjamin M. Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Rémy Beugnon
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, Universität Leipzig, Stephanstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919, route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julius Quosh
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
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5
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Müller J, Mitesser O, Cadotte MW, van der Plas F, Mori AS, Ammer C, Chao A, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Baldrian P, Bässler C, Biedermann P, Cesarz S, Claßen A, Delory BM, Feldhaar H, Fichtner A, Hothorn T, Kuenzer C, Peters MK, Pierick K, Schmitt T, Schuldt B, Seidel D, Six D, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thorn S, von Oheimb G, Wegmann M, Weisser WW, Eisenhauer N. Enhancing the structural diversity between forest patches-A concept and real-world experiment to study biodiversity, multifunctionality and forest resilience across spatial scales. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1437-1450. [PMID: 36579623 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of land use by humans has led to a homogenization of landscapes and decreasing resilience of ecosystems globally due to a loss of biodiversity, including the majority of forests. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has provided compelling evidence for a positive effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functions and services at the local (α-diversity) scale, but we largely lack empirical evidence on how the loss of between-patch β-diversity affects biodiversity and multifunctionality at the landscape scale (γ-diversity). Here, we present a novel concept and experimental framework for elucidating BEF patterns at α-, β-, and γ-scales in real landscapes at a forest management-relevant scale. We examine this framework using 22 temperate broadleaf production forests, dominated by Fagus sylvatica. In 11 of these forests, we manipulated the structure between forest patches by increasing variation in canopy cover and deadwood. We hypothesized that an increase in landscape heterogeneity would enhance the β-diversity of different trophic levels, as well as the β-functionality of various ecosystem functions. We will develop a new statistical framework for BEF studies extending across scales and incorporating biodiversity measures from taxonomic to functional to phylogenetic diversity using Hill numbers. We will further expand the Hill number concept to multifunctionality allowing the decomposition of γ-multifunctionality into α- and β-components. Combining this analytic framework with our experimental data will allow us to test how an increase in between patch heterogeneity affects biodiversity and multifunctionality across spatial scales and trophic levels to help inform and improve forest resilience under climate change. Such an integrative concept for biodiversity and functionality, including spatial scales and multiple aspects of diversity and multifunctionality as well as physical and environmental structure in forests, will go far beyond the current widely applied approach in forestry to increase resilience of future forests through the manipulation of tree species composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Oliver Mitesser
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | | | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Claus Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Conservation Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Biedermann
- Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Stegen, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alice Claßen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Hothorn
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Kuenzer
- German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany
- Chair of Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcell K Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Pierick
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Department of Botany II, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Seidel
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Six
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, State Institute for the Protection of Birds, Gießen, Germany
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Professur für Biodiversität und Naturschutz, Technische Universität Dresden, FR Forstwissenschaften, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wegmann
- Chair of Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Carley CN, Chen G, Das KK, Delory BM, Dimitrova A, Ding Y, George AP, Greeley LA, Han Q, Hendriks PW, Hernandez-Soriano MC, Li M, Ng JLP, Mau L, Mesa-Marín J, Miller AJ, Rae AE, Schmidt J, Thies A, Topp CN, Wacker TS, Wang P, Wang X, Xie L, Zheng C. Root biology never sleeps: 11 th Symposium of the International Society of Root Research (ISRR11) and the 9 th International Symposium on Root Development (Rooting2021), 24-28 May 2021. New Phytol 2022; 235:2149-2154. [PMID: 35979688 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton N Carley
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Guanying Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Krishna K Das
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, India
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, 21335, Germany
| | - Anastazija Dimitrova
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, 86090, Italy
| | - Yiyang Ding
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Abin P George
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, India
| | - Laura A Greeley
- Department of Biochemistry & Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Qingqing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Pieter-Willem Hendriks
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, 14, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Locked bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | | | - Meng Li
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Jason Liang Pin Ng
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Lisa Mau
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences - Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Mesa-Marín
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - Allison J Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, 63103, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Angus E Rae
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | | | - August Thies
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | | | - Tomke S Wacker
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Pinhui Wang
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Limeng Xie
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Congcong Zheng
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences - Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
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8
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Griffiths M, Delory BM, Jawahir V, Wong KM, Bagnall GC, Dowd TG, Nusinow DA, Miller AJ, Topp CN. Optimisation of root traits to provide enhanced ecosystem services in agricultural systems: A focus on cover crops. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:751-770. [PMID: 34914117 PMCID: PMC9306666 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Roots are the interface between the plant and the soil and play a central role in multiple ecosystem processes. With intensification of agricultural practices, rhizosphere processes are being disrupted and are causing degradation of the physical, chemical and biotic properties of soil. However, cover crops, a group of plants that provide ecosystem services, can be utilised during fallow periods or used as an intercrop to restore soil health. The effectiveness of ecosystem services provided by cover crops varies widely as very little breeding has occurred in these species. Improvement of ecosystem service performance is rarely considered as a breeding trait due to the complexities and challenges of belowground evaluation. Advancements in root phenotyping and genetic tools are critical in accelerating ecosystem service improvement in cover crops. In this study, we provide an overview of the range of belowground ecosystem services provided by cover crop roots: (1) soil structural remediation, (2) capture of soil resources and (3) maintenance of the rhizosphere and building of organic matter content. Based on the ecosystem services described, we outline current and promising phenotyping technologies and breeding strategies in cover crops that can enhance agricultural sustainability through improvement of root traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kong M. Wong
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Tyler G. Dowd
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Allison J. Miller
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of BiologySaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
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9
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Walmsley DC, Delory BM, Alonso I, Temperton VM, Härdtle W. Ensuring the Long-Term Provision of Heathland Ecosystem Services—The Importance of a Functional Perspective in Management Decision Frameworks. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.791364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecosystem services framework can be used as a way of balancing economic, ecological and societal drivers in land management decision-making processes. As heathland management is typically linked directly to services, the aim of this study was to quantify trade-offs related to the effects of five common heathland management measures (grazing, mowing, burning, choppering, and sod-cutting) using quantitative data from empirical studies within a northwestern heathland in Germany. Besides important services (groundwater recharge and quality, carbon stocks and appreciation by the general public) we included ecosystem functions (balances of nitrogen, phosphorus and major cations) and the net cost of management implementation as trade-off components. We found that all management practices have advantages and disadvantages leading to unavoidable trade-offs. The effect of a management practice on the trade-off components was often closely related to the amount of biomass and/or soil removed during a management cycle (Rannual). Choppering and sod-cutting (large Rannual by involving soil removal) were very good at maintaining a low N system whilst concurrently increasing groundwater recharge, albeit at the cost of all other components considered. If the aim is to preserve heathlands and their associated ecosystem services in the long-term this trade-off is inevitable, as currently only these high-intensity measures are capable of removing enough nitrogen from the system to prevent the transition to non-heather dominated habitat types. Our study, therefore, shows that in order to maintain structural integrity and thereby the service potential a habitat provides, management decision frameworks may need to prioritize ecosystem functioning over ecosystem services. Burning and mowing (low Rannual) were best at retaining phosphorus, cations and carbon and had the lowest costs. Grazing (intermediate Rannual) provided the highest relative benefit in terms of groundwater quality and appreciation. Together these results can help identify management combinations in both space and time, which will be more beneficial for functions and services than management practices considered in isolation. Furthermore, our study assists in recognizing key areas of action for the development of novel management practices and can help raise awareness of the diversity of rare species and potential benefits to people that protected cultural landscapes provide.
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Delory BM, Schempp H, Spachmann SM, Störzer L, van Dam NM, Temperton VM, Weinhold A. Soil chemical legacies trigger species-specific and context-dependent root responses in later arriving plants. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:1215-1230. [PMID: 33455010 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil legacies play an important role for the creation of priority effects. However, we still poorly understand to what extent the metabolome found in the soil solution of a plant community is conditioned by its species composition and whether soil chemical legacies affect subsequent species during assembly. To test these hypotheses, we collected soil solutions from forb or grass communities and evaluated how the metabolome of these soil solutions affected the growth, biomass allocation and functional traits of a forb (Dianthus deltoides) and a grass species (Festuca rubra). Results showed that the metabolomes found in the soil solutions of forb and grass communities differed in composition and chemical diversity. While soil chemical legacies did not have any effect on F. rubra, root foraging by D. deltoides decreased when plants received the soil solution from a grass or a forb community. Structural equation modelling showed that reduced soil exploration by D. deltoides arose via either a root growth-dependent pathway (forb metabolome) or a root trait-dependent pathway (grass metabolome). Reduced root foraging was not connected to a decrease in total N uptake. Our findings reveal that soil chemical legacies can create belowground priority effects by affecting root foraging in later arriving plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Delory
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Schempp
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Sina Maria Spachmann
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Laura Störzer
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Vicky M Temperton
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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11
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Baudson C, Delory BM, Spaepen S, du Jardin P, Delaplace P. Developmental plasticity of Brachypodium distachyon in response to P deficiency: Modulation by inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Plant Direct 2021; 5:e00296. [PMID: 33532689 PMCID: PMC7833465 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers must be used wisely in order to preserve rock phosphate, a limited and non-renewable resource. The use of bio-inoculants to improve soil nutrient availability and trigger an efficient plant response to nutrient deficiency is one potential strategy in the attempt to decrease P inputs in agriculture. METHOD An in vitro co-cultivation system was used to study the response of Brachypodium distachyon to contrasted P supplies (soluble and poorly soluble forms of P) and inoculation with P solubilizing bacteria. Brachypodium's responses to P conditions and inoculation with bacteria were studied in terms of developmental plasticity and P use efficiency. RESULTS Brachypodium showed plasticity in its biomass allocation pattern in response to variable P conditions, specifically by prioritizing root development over shoot productivity under poorly soluble P conditions. Despite the ability of the bacteria to solubilize P, shoot productivity was depressed in plants inoculated with bacteria, although the root system development was maintained. The negative impact of bacteria on biomass production in Brachypodium might be attributed to inadequate C supply to bacteria, an increased competition for P between both organisms under P-limiting conditions, or an accumulation of toxic bacterial metabolites in our cultivation system. Both P and inoculation treatments impacted root system morphology. The modulation of Brachypodium's developmental response to P supplies by P solubilizing bacteria did not lead to improved P use efficiency. CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis that plastic responses of Brachypodium cultivated under P-limited conditions are modulated by P solubilizing bacteria. The considered experimental context impacts plant-bacteria interactions. Choosing experimental conditions as close as possible to real ones is important in the selection of P solubilizing bacteria. Both persistent homology and allometric analyses proved to be useful tools that should be considered when studying the impact of bio-inoculants on plant development in response to varying nutritional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Baudson
- Plant SciencesGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | | | - Stijn Spaepen
- Leuven Institute for Beer ResearchUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant SciencesGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela W. A. Weidlich
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg Germany
- Present address: Department of Botany, University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Cara R. Nelson
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula U.S.A
| | - John L. Maron
- Division of Biological Sciences and Institute on Ecosystems University of Montana Missoula U.S.A
| | - Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and Institute on Ecosystems University of Montana Missoula U.S.A
| | - Benjamin M. Delory
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg Germany
| | - Vicky M. Temperton
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg Germany
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13
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Schnepf A, Black CK, Couvreur V, Delory BM, Doussan C, Koch A, Koch T, Javaux M, Landl M, Leitner D, Lobet G, Mai TH, Meunier F, Petrich L, Postma JA, Priesack E, Schmidt V, Vanderborght J, Vereecken H, Weber M. Call for Participation: Collaborative Benchmarking of Functional-Structural Root Architecture Models. The Case of Root Water Uptake. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:316. [PMID: 32296451 PMCID: PMC7136536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional models of root growth, architecture and function are becoming important tools that aid the design of agricultural management schemes and the selection of beneficial root traits. However, while benchmarking is common in many disciplines that use numerical models, such as natural and engineering sciences, functional-structural root architecture models have never been systematically compared. The following reasons might induce disagreement between the simulation results of different models: different representation of root growth, sink term of root water and solute uptake and representation of the rhizosphere. Presently, the extent of discrepancies is unknown, and a framework for quantitatively comparing functional-structural root architecture models is required. We propose, in a first step, to define benchmarking scenarios that test individual components of complex models: root architecture, water flow in soil and water flow in roots. While the latter two will focus mainly on comparing numerical aspects, the root architectural models have to be compared at a conceptual level as they generally differ in process representation. Therefore, defining common inputs that allow recreating reference root systems in all models will be a key challenge. In a second step, benchmarking scenarios for the coupled problems are defined. We expect that the results of step 1 will enable us to better interpret differences found in step 2. This benchmarking will result in a better understanding of the different models and contribute toward improving them. Improved models will allow us to simulate various scenarios with greater confidence and avoid bugs, numerical errors or conceptual misunderstandings. This work will set a standard for future model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schnepf
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- International Soil Modelling Consortium ISMC, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christopher K. Black
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Valentin Couvreur
- Earth and Life Institute, Agronomy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | - Axelle Koch
- Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Timo Koch
- Department of Hydromechanics and Modelling of Hydrosystems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mathieu Javaux
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Earth and Life Institute, Agronomy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Landl
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- International Soil Modelling Consortium ISMC, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Guillaume Lobet
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- International Soil Modelling Consortium ISMC, Jülich, Germany
| | - Trung Hieu Mai
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Félicien Meunier
- CAVElab–Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lukas Petrich
- Institute of Stochastics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes A. Postma
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Eckart Priesack
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Jan Vanderborght
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- International Soil Modelling Consortium ISMC, Jülich, Germany
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- International Soil Modelling Consortium ISMC, Jülich, Germany
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Delory BM, Weidlich EWA, Kunz M, Neitzel J, Temperton VM. The exotic species Senecio inaequidens pays the price for arriving late in temperate European grassland communities. Oecologia 2019; 191:657-671. [PMID: 31578613 PMCID: PMC6825039 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The exotic South African ragwort (Senecio inaequidens DC.) rapidly spread across Central Europe after its introduction, but we still do not know to what extent its timing of arrival in a plant community (i.e. before or after natives) and the composition of the native community being invaded affect (1) its capacity to invade a European grassland, (2) the performance of the native species, and (3) the direction and strength of priority effects. In a greenhouse experiment, we manipulated the timing of arrival of the exotic species (Senecio) and the composition of the native community to test the influence of these factors on the productivity and N content of exotic and native species. We also investigated if the plant species origin (native or exotic) and the native community composition affected the benefit of arriving early and the cost of arriving late in the community. The establishment success of Senecio strongly depended on its timing of arrival in a grassland community. Senecio benefited more from arriving early than did the natives. The presence of legumes in the community did not favour invasion by Senecio. When natives arrived later than Senecio, however, priority effects were weaker when legumes were part of the native community. Our results showed that inhibitory priority effects created by natives can lower the risk of invasion by Senecio. An early arrival of this species at a site with low native species abundance is a scenario that could favour invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Delory
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Emanuela W. A. Weidlich
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
- Present Address: Botanical Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Miriam Kunz
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Neitzel
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Vicky M. Temperton
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
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15
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Delory BM, Weidlich EWA, von Gillhaussen P, Temperton VM. When history matters: The overlooked role of priority effects in grassland overyielding. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Delory
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Lüneburg Germany
| | - Emanuela W. A. Weidlich
- Plant Sciences Institute for Bio and Geosciences, IBG‐2 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany
| | - Philipp von Gillhaussen
- Plant Sciences Institute for Bio and Geosciences, IBG‐2 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany
| | - Vicky M. Temperton
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Lüneburg Germany
- Plant Sciences Institute for Bio and Geosciences, IBG‐2 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany
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16
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Lebecque S, Crowet JM, Lins L, Delory BM, du Jardin P, Fauconnier ML, Deleu M. Interaction between the barley allelochemical compounds gramine and hordenine and artificial lipid bilayers mimicking the plant plasma membrane. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9784. [PMID: 29955111 PMCID: PMC6023908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Some plants affect the development of neighbouring plants by releasing secondary metabolites into their environment. This phenomenon is known as allelopathy and is a potential tool for weed management within the framework of sustainable agriculture. While many studies have investigated the mode of action of various allelochemicals (molecules emitted by allelopathic plants), little attention has been paid to their initial contact with the plant plasma membrane (PPM). In this paper, this key step is explored for two alkaloids, gramine and hordenine, that are allelochemicals from barley. Using in vitro bioassays, we first showed that gramine has a greater toxicity than hordenine towards a weed commonly found in northern countries (Matricaria recutita L.). Then, isothermal titration calorimetry was used to show that these alkaloids spontaneously interact with lipid bilayers that mimic the PPM. The greater impact of gramine on the thermotropic behaviour of lipids compared to hordenine was established by means of infrared spectroscopy. Finally, the molecular mechanisms of these interactions were explored with molecular dynamics simulations. The good correlation between phytotoxicity and the ability to disturb lipid bilayers is discussed. In this study, biophysical tools were used for the first time to investigate the interactions of allelochemicals with artificial PPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lebecque
- TERRA-AgricultureIsLife, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Crowet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lins
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Patrick du Jardin
- Laboratory of Plant Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- General and Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Magali Deleu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.
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Abstract
Quantifying plant morphology is a very challenging task that requires methods able to capture the geometry and topology of plant organs at various spatial scales. Recently, the use of persistent homology as a mathematical framework to quantify plant morphology has been successfully demonstrated for leaves, shoots, and root systems. In this paper, we present a new data analysis pipeline implemented in the R package archiDART to analyse root system architectures using persistent homology. In addition, we also show that both geometric and topological descriptors are necessary to accurately compare root systems and assess their natural complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Delory
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, 21335, Germany
| | - Mao Li
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | | | - Guillaume Lobet
- Agrosphäre (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52428, Germany.,Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
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18
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Delory BM, Weidlich EWA, Meder L, Lütje A, Duijnen R, Weidlich R, Temperton VM. Accuracy and bias of methods used for root length measurements in functional root research. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Delory
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Scharnhorststrasse 1 21335 Lüneburg Germany
| | - Emanuela W. A. Weidlich
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Scharnhorststrasse 1 21335 Lüneburg Germany
| | - Leonie Meder
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Scharnhorststrasse 1 21335 Lüneburg Germany
| | - Anna Lütje
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Scharnhorststrasse 1 21335 Lüneburg Germany
| | - Richard Duijnen
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Scharnhorststrasse 1 21335 Lüneburg Germany
| | - Rafael Weidlich
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Scharnhorststrasse 1 21335 Lüneburg Germany
| | - Vicky M. Temperton
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Scharnhorststrasse 1 21335 Lüneburg Germany
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19
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Weidlich EWA, von Gillhaussen P, Delory BM, Blossfeld S, Poorter H, Temperton VM. The Importance of Being First: Exploring Priority and Diversity Effects in a Grassland Field Experiment. Front Plant Sci 2017; 7:2008. [PMID: 28119707 PMCID: PMC5221677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diversity of species and order of arrival can have strong effects on ecosystem functioning and community composition, but these two have rarely been explicitly combined in experimental setups. We measured the effects of both species diversity and order of arrival on ecosystem function and community composition in a grassland field experiment, thus combining biodiversity and assembly approaches. We studied the effect of order of arrival of three plant functional groups (PFGs: grasses, legumes, and non-leguminous forbs) and of sowing low and high diversity seed mixtures (9 or 21 species) on species composition and aboveground biomass. The experiment was set up in two different soil types. Differences in PFG order of arrival affected the biomass, the number of species and community composition. As expected, we found higher aboveground biomass when sowing legumes before the other PFGs, but this effect was not continuous over time. We did not find a positive effect of sown diversity on aboveground biomass (even if it influenced species richness as expected). No interaction were found between the two studied factors. We found that sowing legumes first may be a good method for increasing productivity whilst maintaining diversity of central European grasslands, although the potential for long-lasting effects needs further study. In addition, the mechanisms behind the non-continuous priority effects we found need to be further researched, taking weather and plant-soil feedbacks into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela W. A. Weidlich
- Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich, Germany
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana UniversityLüneburg, Germany
| | - Philipp von Gillhaussen
- Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich, Germany
| | - Benjamin M. Delory
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana UniversityLüneburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Blossfeld
- Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich, Germany
| | - Vicky M. Temperton
- Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich, Germany
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana UniversityLüneburg, Germany
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Delory BM, Delaplace P, du Jardin P, Fauconnier ML. Barley (Hordeum distichon L.) roots synthesise volatile aldehydes with a strong age-dependent pattern and release (E)-non-2-enal and (E,Z)-nona-2,6-dienal after mechanical injury. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 104:134-45. [PMID: 27031425 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the context of chemical ecology, the analysis of the temporal production pattern of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in root tissues and the emission rate measurement of root-emitted VOCs are of major importance for setting up experiments to study the implication of these compounds in biotic interactions. Such analyses, however, remain challenging because of the belowground location of plant root systems. In this context, this study describes the evolution of the root VOC production pattern of barley (Hordeum distichon L.) at five developmental stages from germination to the end of tillering and evaluates the emission of the identified VOCs in an artificial soil. VOCs produced by crushed root tissues and released by unexcavated root systems were analysed using dynamic sampling devices coupled to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methodology (synchronous SCAN/SIM). The results showed that, at each analysed developmental stage, crushed barley roots produced mainly four volatile aldehydes: hexanal; (E)-hex-2-enal; (E)-non-2-enal; and (E,Z)-nona-2,6-dienal. Higher total and individual VOC concentrations were measured in 3-day-old seminal roots compared with older phenological stages. For each developmental stage, the lipoxygenase (LOX) activity was greater for linoleic acid than α-linolenic acid and the greatest LOX activities using linoleic and α-linolenic acids as substrates were measured in 7- and 3-day-old roots, respectively. The analysis of VOCs released by barley roots into the soil showed that (E)-non-2-enal and (E,Z)-nona-2,6-dienal were the only VOCs emitted in quantifiable amounts by mechanically injured roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Delory
- Plant Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Patrick du Jardin
- Plant Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- General and Organic Chemistry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; Volatolomics Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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Delaplace P, Delory BM, Baudson C, Mendaluk-Saunier de Cazenave M, Spaepen S, Varin S, Brostaux Y, du Jardin P. Influence of rhizobacterial volatiles on the root system architecture and the production and allocation of biomass in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:195. [PMID: 26264238 PMCID: PMC4531529 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are increasingly being seen as a way of complementing conventional inputs in agricultural systems. The effects on their host plants are diverse and include volatile-mediated growth enhancement. This study sought to assess the effects of bacterial volatiles on the biomass production and root system architecture of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. RESULTS An in vitro experiment allowing plant-bacteria interaction throughout the gaseous phase without any physical contact was used to screen 19 bacterial strains for their growth-promotion ability over a 10-day co-cultivation period. Five groups of bacteria were defined and characterised based on their combined influence on biomass production and root system architecture. The observed effects ranged from unchanged to greatly increased biomass production coupled with increased root length and branching. Primary root length was increased only by the volatile compounds emitted by Enterobacter cloacae JM22 and Bacillus pumilus T4. Overall, the most significant results were obtained with Bacillus subtilis GB03, which induced an 81 % increase in total biomass, as well as enhancing total root length, total secondary root length and total adventitious root length by 88.5, 201.5 and 474.5 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first report on bacterial volatile-mediated growth promotion of a grass plant. Contrasting modulations of biomass production coupled with changes in root system architecture were observed. Most of the strains that increased total plant biomass also modulated adventitious root growth. Under our screening conditions, total biomass production was strongly correlated with the length and branching of the root system components, except for primary root length. An analysis of the emission kinetics of the bacterial volatile compounds is being undertaken and should lead to the identification of the compounds responsible for the observed growth-promotion effects. Within the context of the inherent characteristics of our in vitro system, this paper identifies the next critical experimental steps and discusses them from both a fundamental and an applied perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Delaplace
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Plant Biology, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Plant Biology, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Caroline Baudson
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Plant Biology, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | | | - Stijn Spaepen
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany.
| | - Sébastien Varin
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Plant Biology, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Yves Brostaux
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Applied Statistics, Computer Science and Modeling, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Patrick du Jardin
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Plant Biology, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
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Truong DH, Delory BM, Brostaux Y, Heuskin S, Delaplace P, Francis F, Lognay G. Plutella xylostella (L.) infestations at varying temperatures induce the emission of specific volatile blends by Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Plant Signal Behav 2014; 9:e973816. [PMID: 25482777 PMCID: PMC4622421 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.973816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of combined abiotic and biotic factors on plant volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions is poorly understood. This study evaluated the VOC emissions produced by Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Col-0 subjected to 3 temperature regimes (17, 22, and 27°C) in the presence and absence of Plutella xylostella larvae over 2 time intervals (0-4 and 4-8 h), in comparison to control plants. The analyses of VOCs emitted by Arabidopsis plants were made by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that certain volatile groups (e.g., alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and terpenes) are induced by both single factors (temperature or larval infestation) and combined factors (temperature and larvae interactions), whereas other volatile groups (e.g., isothiocyanates [ITCs] and nitrile) were specific to the experimental conditions. ITCs (mainly 4-methylpentyl isothiocyanate) were emitted from plants subjected to larval infestation at 17 and 27°C after the 2 time intervals. The proportions of sulfides (mainly dimethyl disulfide) and 4-(methylthio) butanenitrile were significantly higher on herbivore-infested plants at 22°C compared to the other treatments. Overall, our findings indicate that changes in all experimental conditions caused significant changes to the VOC emissions of Arabidopsis plants. Therefore, the interaction between temperature and larval feeding may represent an important factor determining the variability of volatile emissions by plants subjected to multiple simultaneous factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieu-Hien Truong
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Unit of Analysis Quality and Risk; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
- Unit of Functional & Evolutionary Entomology; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
- Biotechnology Faculty; Binh Duong University; Vietnam
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- Plant Biology Unit; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
| | - Yves Brostaux
- Unit of Applied Statistic; Computer Science and Mathematics; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Heuskin
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Unit of Analysis Quality and Risk; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Biology Unit; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Unit of Functional & Evolutionary Entomology; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
| | - Georges Lognay
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Unit of Analysis Quality and Risk; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
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Delory BM, Delaplace P, Fauconnier ML, Du Jardin P. Development of an experimental device allowing plant - plant interaction studies and in situ dynamic trapping of volatile organic compounds emitted by barley (Hordeum distichon L.) roots. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:97-102. [PMID: 23875304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B M Delory
- Plant Biology Unit, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
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