1
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Chauvin RJ, Newbold DJ, Nielsen AN, Miller RL, Krimmel SR, Metoki A, Wang A, Van AN, Montez DF, Marek S, Suljic V, Baden NJ, Ramirez-Perez N, Scheidter KM, Monk JS, Whiting FI, Adeyemo B, Snyder AZ, Kay BP, Raichle ME, Laumann TO, Gordon EM, Dosenbach NU. Disuse-driven plasticity in the human thalamus and putamen. bioRxiv 2024:2023.11.07.566031. [PMID: 37987000 PMCID: PMC10659348 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Motor adaptation in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops has been studied mainly in animals using invasive electrophysiology. Here, we leverage functional neuroimaging in humans to study motor circuit plasticity in the human subcortex. We employed an experimental paradigm that combined two weeks of upper-extremity immobilization with daily resting-state and motor task fMRI before, during, and after the casting period. We previously showed that limb disuse leads to decreased functional connectivity (FC) of the contralateral somatomotor cortex (SM1) with the ipsilateral somatomotor cortex, increased FC with the cingulo-opercular network (CON) as well as the emergence of high amplitude, fMRI signal pulses localized in the contralateral SM1, supplementary motor area and the cerebellum. From our prior observations, it remains unclear whether the disuse plasticity affects the thalamus and striatum. We extended our analysis to include these subcortical regions and found that both exhibit strengthened cortical FC and spontaneous fMRI signal pulses induced by limb disuse. The dorsal posterior putamen and the central thalamus, mainly CM, VLP and VIM nuclei, showed disuse pulses and FC changes that lined up with fmri task activations from the Human connectome project motor system localizer, acquired before casting for each participant. Our findings provide a novel understanding of the role of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops in human motor plasticity and a potential link with the physiology of sleep regulation. Additionally, similarities with FC observation from Parkinson Disease (PD) questions a pathophysiological link with limb disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselyne J. Chauvin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dillan J. Newbold
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ashley N. Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ryland L. Miller
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Samuel R. Krimmel
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Athanasia Metoki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Anxu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Andrew N. Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Division of Computation and Data Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - David F. Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Scott Marek
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Vahdeta Suljic
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Noah J. Baden
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | | | - Kristen M. Scheidter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Julia S. Monk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Forrest I. Whiting
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Babatunde Adeyemo
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Abraham Z. Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Benjamin P. Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marcus E. Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy O. Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Evan M. Gordon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nico U.F. Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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2
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Krimmel SR, Laumann TO, Chauvin RJ, Hershey T, Roland JL, Shimony JS, Willie JT, Norris SA, Marek S, Van AN, Monk J, Scheidter KM, Whiting F, Ramirez-Perez N, Metoki A, Wang A, Kay BP, Nahman-Averbuch H, Fair DA, Lynch CJ, Raichle ME, Gordon EM, Dosenbach NUF. The brainstem's red nucleus was evolutionarily upgraded to support goal-directed action. bioRxiv 2024:2023.12.30.573730. [PMID: 38260662 PMCID: PMC10802246 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.30.573730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The red nucleus is a large brainstem structure that coordinates limb movement for locomotion in quadrupedal animals (Basile et al., 2021). The humans red nucleus has a different pattern of anatomical connectivity compared to quadrupeds, suggesting a unique purpose (Hatschek, 1907). Previously the function of the human red nucleus remained unclear at least partly due to methodological limitations with brainstem functional neuroimaging (Sclocco et al., 2018). Here, we used our most advanced resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) based precision functional mapping (PFM) in highly sampled individuals (n = 5) and large group-averaged datasets (combined N ~ 45,000), to precisely examine red nucleus functional connectivity. Notably, red nucleus functional connectivity to motor-effector networks (somatomotor hand, foot, and mouth) was minimal. Instead, red nucleus functional connectivity along the central sulcus was specific to regions of the recently discovered somato-cognitive action network (SCAN; (Gordon et al., 2023)). Outside of primary motor cortex, red nucleus connectivity was strongest to the cingulo-opercular (CON) and salience networks, involved in action/cognitive control (Dosenbach et al., 2007; Newbold et al., 2021) and reward/motivated behavior (Seeley, 2019), respectively. Functional connectivity to these two networks was organized into discrete dorsal-medial and ventral-lateral zones. Red nucleus functional connectivity to the thalamus recapitulated known structural connectivity of the dento-rubral thalamic tract (DRTT) and could prove clinically useful in functionally targeting the ventral intermediate (VIM) nucleus. In total, our results indicate that far from being a 'motor' structure, the red nucleus is better understood as a brainstem nucleus for implementing goal-directed behavior, integrating behavioral valence and action plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Krimmel
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Roselyne J Chauvin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jarod L Roland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Scott A Norris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott Marek
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julia Monk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristen M Scheidter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Forrest Whiting
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nadeshka Ramirez-Perez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Athanasia Metoki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anxu Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Computation and Data Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hadas Nahman-Averbuch
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Charles J Lynch
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Evan M Gordon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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3
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Van AN, Montez DF, Laumann TO, Suljic V, Madison T, Baden NJ, Ramirez-Perez N, Scheidter KM, Monk JS, Whiting FI, Adeyemo B, Chauvin RJ, Krimmel SR, Metoki A, Rajesh A, Roland JL, Salo T, Wang A, Weldon KB, Sotiras A, Shimony JS, Kay BP, Nelson SM, Tervo-Clemmens B, Marek SA, Vizioli L, Yacoub E, Satterthwaite TD, Gordon EM, Fair DA, Tisdall MD, Dosenbach NU. Framewise multi-echo distortion correction for superior functional MRI. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.28.568744. [PMID: 38077010 PMCID: PMC10705259 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.568744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) data are severely distorted by magnetic field (B0) inhomogeneities which currently must be corrected using separately acquired field map data. However, changes in the head position of a scanning participant across fMRI frames can cause changes in the B0 field, preventing accurate correction of geometric distortions. Additionally, field maps can be corrupted by movement during their acquisition, preventing distortion correction altogether. In this study, we use phase information from multi-echo (ME) fMRI data to dynamically sample distortion due to fluctuating B0 field inhomogeneity across frames by acquiring multiple echoes during a single EPI readout. Our distortion correction approach, MEDIC (Multi-Echo DIstortion Correction), accurately estimates B0 related distortions for each frame of multi-echo fMRI data. Here, we demonstrate that MEDIC's framewise distortion correction produces improved alignment to anatomy and decreases the impact of head motion on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) maps, in higher motion data, when compared to the prior gold standard approach (i.e., TOPUP). Enhanced framewise distortion correction with MEDIC, without the requirement for field map collection, furthers the advantage of multi-echo over single-echo fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Van
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - David F. Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Timothy O. Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Vahdeta Suljic
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Thomas Madison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Noah J. Baden
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | | | - Kristen M. Scheidter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Julia S. Monk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Forrest I. Whiting
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Babatunde Adeyemo
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Roselyne J. Chauvin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Samuel R. Krimmel
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Athanasia Metoki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Aishwarya Rajesh
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jarod L. Roland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Taylor Salo
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Anxu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Division of Computation and Data Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kimberly B. Weldon
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Joshua S. Shimony
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Benjamin P. Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven M. Nelson
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Scott A. Marek
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Luca Vizioli
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Evan M. Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Damien A. Fair
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - M. Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nico U.F. Dosenbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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4
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Bennett SA, Garrett K, Sharp DK, Freeman SJ, Smith AG, Wright TJ, Kay BP, Tang TL, Tolstukhin IA, Ayyad Y, Chen J, Davies PJ, Dolan A, Gaffney LP, Heinz A, Hoffman CR, Müller-Gatermann C, Page RD, Wilson GL. Direct Determination of Fission-Barrier Heights Using Light-Ion Transfer in Inverse Kinematics. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:202501. [PMID: 37267578 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.202501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new technique for obtaining fission data for nuclei away from β stability. These types of data are pertinent to the astrophysical r process, crucial to a complete understanding of the origin of the heavy elements, and for developing a predictive model of fission. These data are also important considerations for terrestrial applications related to power generation and safeguarding. Experimentally, such data are scarce due to the difficulties in producing the actinide targets of interest. The solenoidal-spectrometer technique, commonly used to study nucleon-transfer reactions in inverse kinematics, has been applied to the case of transfer-induced fission as a means to deduce the fission-barrier height, among other variables. The fission-barrier height of ^{239}U has been determined via the ^{238}U(d,pf) reaction in inverse kinematics, the results of which are consistent with existing neutron-induced fission data indicating the validity of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bennett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K Garrett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D K Sharp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - S J Freeman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A G Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - T J Wright
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - T L Tang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - I A Tolstukhin
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Y Ayyad
- IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Chen
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P J Davies
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Dolan
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - L P Gaffney
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A Heinz
- Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Müller-Gatermann
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R D Page
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - G L Wilson
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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5
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Gordon EM, Chauvin RJ, Van AN, Rajesh A, Nielsen A, Newbold DJ, Lynch CJ, Seider NA, Krimmel SR, Scheidter KM, Monk J, Miller RL, Metoki A, Montez DF, Zheng A, Elbau I, Madison T, Nishino T, Myers MJ, Kaplan S, Badke D'Andrea C, Demeter DV, Feigelis M, Ramirez JSB, Xu T, Barch DM, Smyser CD, Rogers CE, Zimmermann J, Botteron KN, Pruett JR, Willie JT, Brunner P, Shimony JS, Kay BP, Marek S, Norris SA, Gratton C, Sylvester CM, Power JD, Liston C, Greene DJ, Roland JL, Petersen SE, Raichle ME, Laumann TO, Fair DA, Dosenbach NUF. A somato-cognitive action network alternates with effector regions in motor cortex. Nature 2023; 617:351-359. [PMID: 37076628 PMCID: PMC10172144 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Motor cortex (M1) has been thought to form a continuous somatotopic homunculus extending down the precentral gyrus from foot to face representations1,2, despite evidence for concentric functional zones3 and maps of complex actions4. Here, using precision functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods, we find that the classic homunculus is interrupted by regions with distinct connectivity, structure and function, alternating with effector-specific (foot, hand and mouth) areas. These inter-effector regions exhibit decreased cortical thickness and strong functional connectivity to each other, as well as to the cingulo-opercular network (CON), critical for action5 and physiological control6, arousal7, errors8 and pain9. This interdigitation of action control-linked and motor effector regions was verified in the three largest fMRI datasets. Macaque and pediatric (newborn, infant and child) precision fMRI suggested cross-species homologues and developmental precursors of the inter-effector system. A battery of motor and action fMRI tasks documented concentric effector somatotopies, separated by the CON-linked inter-effector regions. The inter-effectors lacked movement specificity and co-activated during action planning (coordination of hands and feet) and axial body movement (such as of the abdomen or eyebrows). These results, together with previous studies demonstrating stimulation-evoked complex actions4 and connectivity to internal organs10 such as the adrenal medulla, suggest that M1 is punctuated by a system for whole-body action planning, the somato-cognitive action network (SCAN). In M1, two parallel systems intertwine, forming an integrate-isolate pattern: effector-specific regions (foot, hand and mouth) for isolating fine motor control and the SCAN for integrating goals, physiology and body movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Gordon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Roselyne J Chauvin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aishwarya Rajesh
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ashley Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles J Lynch
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole A Seider
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel R Krimmel
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristen M Scheidter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julia Monk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryland L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Athanasia Metoki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Immanuel Elbau
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Madison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Nishino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sydney Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carolina Badke D'Andrea
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Damion V Demeter
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Feigelis
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julian S B Ramirez
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jan Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelly N Botteron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John R Pruett
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter Brunner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott Marek
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott A Norris
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Caterina Gratton
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan D Power
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jarod L Roland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
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6
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Montez DF, Van AN, Miller RL, Seider NA, Marek S, Zheng A, Newbold DJ, Scheidter K, Feczko E, Perrone AJ, Miranda-Dominguez O, Earl EA, Kay BP, Jha AK, Sotiras A, Laumann TO, Greene DJ, Gordon EM, Tisdall MD, van der Kouwe A, Fair DA, Dosenbach NUF. Using synthetic MR images for distortion correction. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101234. [PMID: 37023632 PMCID: PMC10106483 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) data acquired using echo-planar imaging (EPI) are highly distorted by magnetic field inhomogeneities. Distortion and differences in image contrast between EPI and T1-weighted and T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) images makes their alignment a challenge. Typically, field map data are used to correct EPI distortions. Alignments achieved with field maps can vary greatly and depends on the quality of field map data. However, many public datasets lack field map data entirely. Additionally, reliable field map data is often difficult to acquire in high-motion pediatric or developmental cohorts. To address this, we developed Synth, a software package for distortion correction and cross-modal image registration that does not require field map data. Synth combines information from T1w and T2w anatomical images to construct an idealized undistorted synthetic image with similar contrast properties to EPI data. This synthetic image acts as an effective reference for individual-specific distortion correction. Using pediatric (ABCD: Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) and adult (MSC: Midnight Scan Club; HCP: Human Connectome Project) data, we demonstrate that Synth performs comparably to field map distortion correction approaches, and often outperforms them. Field map-less distortion correction with Synth allows accurate and precise registration of fMRI data with missing or corrupted field map information.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America.
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Ryland L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Nicole A Seider
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Kristen Scheidter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Eric Feczko
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Anders J Perrone
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Oscar Miranda-Dominguez
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Eric A Earl
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Abhinav K Jha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Evan M Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
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7
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Tervo-Clemmens B, Marek S, Chauvin RJ, Van AN, Kay BP, Laumann TO, Thompson WK, Nichols TE, Yeo BTT, Barch DM, Luna B, Fair DA, Dosenbach NUF. Reply to: Multivariate BWAS can be replicable with moderate sample sizes. Nature 2023; 615:E8-E12. [PMID: 36890374 PMCID: PMC9995264 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Roselyne J Chauvin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational MR Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Kay BP, Tang TL, Tolstukhin IA, Roderick GB, Mitchell AJ, Ayyad Y, Bennett SA, Chen J, Chipps KA, Crawford HL, Freeman SJ, Garrett K, Gott MD, Hall MR, Hoffman CR, Jayatissa H, Macchiavelli AO, MacGregor PT, Sharp DK, Wilson GL. Quenching of Single-Particle Strength in A=15 Nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:152501. [PMID: 36269970 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.152501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Absolute cross sections for the addition of s- and d-wave neutrons to ^{14}C and ^{14}N have been determined simultaneously via the (d,p) reaction at 10 MeV/u. The difference between the neutron and proton separation energies, ΔS, is around -20 MeV for the ^{14}C+n system and +8 MeV for ^{14}N+n. The population of the 1s_{1/2} and 0d_{5/2} orbitals for both systems is reduced by a factor of approximately 0.5 compared with the independent single-particle model, or about 0.6 when compared with the shell model. This finding strongly contrasts with results deduced from intermediate-energy knockout reactions between similar nuclei on targets of ^{9}Be and ^{12}C. The simultaneous technique used removes many systematic uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - T L Tang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - I A Tolstukhin
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G B Roderick
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Accelerator Applications, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - A J Mitchell
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Accelerator Applications, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Y Ayyad
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S A Bennett
- Schuster Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Chen
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K A Chipps
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - H L Crawford
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S J Freeman
- Schuster Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K Garrett
- Schuster Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M D Gott
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M R Hall
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Jayatissa
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A O Macchiavelli
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P T MacGregor
- Schuster Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D K Sharp
- Schuster Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G L Wilson
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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9
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Seider NA, Adeyemo B, Miller R, Newbold DJ, Hampton JM, Scheidter KM, Rutlin J, Laumann TO, Roland JL, Montez DF, Van AN, Zheng A, Marek S, Kay BP, Bretthorst GL, Schlaggar BL, Greene DJ, Wang Y, Petersen SE, Barch DM, Gordon EM, Snyder AZ, Shimony JS, Dosenbach NUF. Accuracy and reliability of diffusion imaging models. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119138. [PMID: 35339687 PMCID: PMC9841915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion imaging aims to non-invasively characterize the anatomy and integrity of the brain's white matter fibers. We evaluated the accuracy and reliability of commonly used diffusion imaging methods as a function of data quantity and analysis method, using both simulations and highly sampled individual-specific data (927-1442 diffusion weighted images [DWIs] per individual). Diffusion imaging methods that allow for crossing fibers (FSL's BedpostX [BPX], DSI Studio's Constant Solid Angle Q-Ball Imaging [CSA-QBI], MRtrix3's Constrained Spherical Deconvolution [CSD]) estimated excess fibers when insufficient data were present and/or when the data did not match the model priors. To reduce such overfitting, we developed a novel Bayesian Multi-tensor Model-selection (BaMM) method and applied it to the popular ball-and-stick model used in BedpostX within the FSL software package. BaMM was robust to overfitting and showed high reliability and the relatively best crossing-fiber accuracy with increasing amounts of diffusion data. Thus, sufficient data and an overfitting resistant analysis method enhance precision diffusion imaging. For potential clinical applications of diffusion imaging, such as neurosurgical planning and deep brain stimulation (DBS), the quantities of data required to achieve diffusion imaging reliability are lower than those needed for functional MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Seider
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Babatunde Adeyemo
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Ryland Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M Hampton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Kristen M Scheidter
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Jerrel Rutlin
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Jarod L Roland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110 United States of America
| | - David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - G Larry Bretthorst
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Bradley L Schlaggar
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Yong Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Evan M Gordon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
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10
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Ayyad Y, Mittig W, Tang T, Olaizola B, Potel G, Rijal N, Watwood N, Alvarez-Pol H, Bazin D, Caamaño M, Chen J, Cortesi M, Fernández-Domínguez B, Giraud S, Gueye P, Heinitz S, Jain R, Kay BP, Maugeri EA, Monteagudo B, Ndayisabye F, Paneru SN, Pereira J, Rubino E, Santamaria C, Schumann D, Surbrook J, Wagner L, Zamora JC, Zelevinsky V. Evidence of a Near-Threshold Resonance in ^{11}B Relevant to the β-Delayed Proton Emission of ^{11}Be. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:012501. [PMID: 35841541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.012501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A narrow near-threshold proton-emitting resonance (E_{x}=11.4 MeV, J^{π}=1/2^{+}, and Γ_{p}=4.4 keV) was directly observed in ^{11}B via proton resonance scattering. This resonance was previously inferred in the β-delayed proton emission of the neutron halo nucleus ^{11}Be. The good agreement between both experimental results serves as a ground to confirm the existence of such exotic decay and the particular behavior of weakly bound nuclei coupled to the continuum. R-matrix analysis shows a sizable partial decay width for both, proton and α (Γ_{α}=11 keV) emission channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ayyad
- IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - W Mittig
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Tang
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Olaizola
- ISOLDE-EP, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Potel
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab., P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Rijal
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Watwood
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Alvarez-Pol
- IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Bazin
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Caamaño
- IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Chen
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Cortesi
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Fernández-Domínguez
- IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Giraud
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P Gueye
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Heinitz
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - R Jain
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E A Maugeri
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - B Monteagudo
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F Ndayisabye
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S N Paneru
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Pereira
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E Rubino
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Santamaria
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Schumann
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J Surbrook
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Wagner
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J C Zamora
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - V Zelevinsky
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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11
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Gordon EM, Laumann TO, Marek S, Newbold DJ, Hampton JM, Seider NA, Montez DF, Nielsen AM, Van AN, Zheng A, Miller R, Siegel JS, Kay BP, Snyder AZ, Greene DJ, Schlaggar BL, Petersen SE, Nelson SM, Dosenbach NUF. Individualized Functional Subnetworks Connect Human Striatum and Frontal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:2868-2884. [PMID: 34718460 PMCID: PMC9247416 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum and cerebral cortex are interconnected via multiple recurrent loops that play a major role in many neuropsychiatric conditions. Primate corticostriatal connections can be precisely mapped using invasive tract-tracing. However, noninvasive human research has not mapped these connections with anatomical precision, limited in part by the practice of averaging neuroimaging data across individuals. Here we utilized highly sampled resting-state functional connectivity MRI for individual-specific precision functional mapping (PFM) of corticostriatal connections. We identified ten individual-specific subnetworks linking cortex-predominately frontal cortex-to striatum, most of which converged with nonhuman primate tract-tracing work. These included separable connections between nucleus accumbens core/shell and orbitofrontal/medial frontal gyrus; between anterior striatum and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; between dorsal caudate and lateral prefrontal cortex; and between middle/posterior putamen and supplementary motor/primary motor cortex. Two subnetworks that did not converge with nonhuman primates were connected to cortical regions associated with human language function. Thus, precision subnetworks identify detailed, individual-specific, neurobiologically plausible corticostriatal connectivity that includes human-specific language networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Hampton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole A Seider
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ashley M Nielsen
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryland Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua S Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bradley L Schlaggar
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven M Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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12
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Marek S, Tervo-Clemmens B, Calabro FJ, Montez DF, Kay BP, Hatoum AS, Donohue MR, Foran W, Miller RL, Hendrickson TJ, Malone SM, Kandala S, Feczko E, Miranda-Dominguez O, Graham AM, Earl EA, Perrone AJ, Cordova M, Doyle O, Moore LA, Conan GM, Uriarte J, Snider K, Lynch BJ, Wilgenbusch JC, Pengo T, Tam A, Chen J, Newbold DJ, Zheng A, Seider NA, Van AN, Metoki A, Chauvin RJ, Laumann TO, Greene DJ, Petersen SE, Garavan H, Thompson WK, Nichols TE, Yeo BTT, Barch DM, Luna B, Fair DA, Dosenbach NUF. Reproducible brain-wide association studies require thousands of individuals. Nature 2022; 603:654-660. [PMID: 35296861 PMCID: PMC8991999 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 646] [Impact Index Per Article: 323.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has transformed our understanding of the human brain through well-replicated mapping of abilities to specific structures (for example, lesion studies) and functions1-3 (for example, task functional MRI (fMRI)). Mental health research and care have yet to realize similar advances from MRI. A primary challenge has been replicating associations between inter-individual differences in brain structure or function and complex cognitive or mental health phenotypes (brain-wide association studies (BWAS)). Such BWAS have typically relied on sample sizes appropriate for classical brain mapping4 (the median neuroimaging study sample size is about 25), but potentially too small for capturing reproducible brain-behavioural phenotype associations5,6. Here we used three of the largest neuroimaging datasets currently available-with a total sample size of around 50,000 individuals-to quantify BWAS effect sizes and reproducibility as a function of sample size. BWAS associations were smaller than previously thought, resulting in statistically underpowered studies, inflated effect sizes and replication failures at typical sample sizes. As sample sizes grew into the thousands, replication rates began to improve and effect size inflation decreased. More robust BWAS effects were detected for functional MRI (versus structural), cognitive tests (versus mental health questionnaires) and multivariate methods (versus univariate). Smaller than expected brain-phenotype associations and variability across population subsamples can explain widespread BWAS replication failures. In contrast to non-BWAS approaches with larger effects (for example, lesions, interventions and within-person), BWAS reproducibility requires samples with thousands of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Finnegan J Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meghan Rose Donohue
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryland L Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy J Hendrickson
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen M Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Feczko
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Oscar Miranda-Dominguez
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric A Earl
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anders J Perrone
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michaela Cordova
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Olivia Doyle
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lucille A Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gregory M Conan
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Johnny Uriarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kathy Snider
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin J Lynch
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James C Wilgenbusch
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Pengo
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Angela Tam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational MR Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational MR Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole A Seider
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Athanasia Metoki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roselyne J Chauvin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational MR Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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13
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Zheng A, Montez DF, Marek S, Gilmore AW, Newbold DJ, Laumann TO, Kay BP, Seider NA, Van AN, Hampton JM, Alexopoulos D, Schlaggar BL, Sylvester CM, Greene DJ, Shimony JS, Nelson SM, Wig GS, Gratton C, McDermott KB, Raichle ME, Gordon EM, Dosenbach NUF. Parallel hippocampal-parietal circuits for self- and goal-oriented processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101743118. [PMID: 34404728 PMCID: PMC8403906 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101743118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is critically important for a diverse range of cognitive processes, such as episodic memory, prospective memory, affective processing, and spatial navigation. Using individual-specific precision functional mapping of resting-state functional MRI data, we found the anterior hippocampus (head and body) to be preferentially functionally connected to the default mode network (DMN), as expected. The hippocampal tail, however, was strongly preferentially functionally connected to the parietal memory network (PMN), which supports goal-oriented cognition and stimulus recognition. This anterior-posterior dichotomy of resting-state functional connectivity was well-matched by differences in task deactivations and anatomical segmentations of the hippocampus. Task deactivations were localized to the hippocampal head and body (DMN), relatively sparing the tail (PMN). The functional dichotomization of the hippocampus into anterior DMN-connected and posterior PMN-connected parcels suggests parallel but distinct circuits between the hippocampus and medial parietal cortex for self- versus goal-oriented processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
| | - David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Adrian W Gilmore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nicole A Seider
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jacqueline M Hampton
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dimitrios Alexopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Bradley L Schlaggar
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven M Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414
| | - Gagan S Wig
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Caterina Gratton
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Kathleen B McDermott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Evan M Gordon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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14
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Tang TL, Kay BP, Hoffman CR, Schiffer JP, Sharp DK, Gaffney LP, Freeman SJ, Mumpower MR, Arokiaraj A, Baader EF, Butler PA, Catford WN, de Angelis G, Flavigny F, Gott MD, Gregor ET, Konki J, Labiche M, Lazarus IH, MacGregor PT, Martel I, Page RD, Podolyák Z, Poleshchuk O, Raabe R, Recchia F, Smith JF, Szwec SV, Yang J. First Exploration of Neutron Shell Structure below Lead and beyond N=126. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:062502. [PMID: 32109128 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.062502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The nuclei below lead but with more than 126 neutrons are crucial to an understanding of the astrophysical r process in producing nuclei heavier than A∼190. Despite their importance, the structure and properties of these nuclei remain experimentally untested as they are difficult to produce in nuclear reactions with stable beams. In a first exploration of the shell structure of this region, neutron excitations in ^{207}Hg have been probed using the neutron-adding (d,p) reaction in inverse kinematics. The radioactive beam of ^{206}Hg was delivered to the new ISOLDE Solenoidal Spectrometer at an energy above the Coulomb barrier. The spectroscopy of ^{207}Hg marks a first step in improving our understanding of the relevant structural properties of nuclei involved in a key part of the path of the r process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Tang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J P Schiffer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D K Sharp
- Department of Physics, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - S J Freeman
- Department of Physics, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M R Mumpower
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Center for Theoretical Astrophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Arokiaraj
- KU Leuven, Intituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - P A Butler
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - W N Catford
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - G de Angelis
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - F Flavigny
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay, France
- LPC Caen, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M D Gott
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E T Gregor
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - J Konki
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Labiche
- Nuclear Physics Group, UKRI-STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - I H Lazarus
- Nuclear Physics Group, UKRI-STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - P T MacGregor
- Department of Physics, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - I Martel
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R D Page
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zs Podolyák
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - O Poleshchuk
- KU Leuven, Intituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Raabe
- KU Leuven, Intituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Recchia
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J F Smith
- SUPA, School of Computing, Engineering, and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - S V Szwec
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Yang
- KU Leuven, Intituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Forney AM, Walters WB, Chiara CJ, Janssens RVF, Ayangeakaa AD, Sethi J, Harker J, Alcorta M, Carpenter MP, Gürdal G, Hoffman CR, Kay BP, Kondev FG, Lauritsen T, Lister CJ, McCutchan EA, Rogers AM, Seweryniak D, Stefanescu I, Zhu S. Novel ΔJ=1 Sequence in ^{78}Ge: Possible Evidence for Triaxiality. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:212501. [PMID: 29883168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.212501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A sequence of low-energy levels in _{32}^{78}Ge_{46} has been identified with spins and parity of 2^{+}, 3^{+}, 4^{+}, 5^{+}, and 6^{+}. Decays within this band proceed strictly through ΔJ=1 transitions, unlike similar sequences in neighboring Ge and Se nuclei. Above the 2^{+} level, members of this sequence do not decay into the ground-state band. Moreover, the energy staggering of this sequence has the phase that would be expected for a γ-rigid structure. The energies and branching ratios of many of the levels are described well by shell-model calculations. However, the calculated reduced transition probabilities for the ΔJ=2 in-band transitions imply that they should have been observed, in contradiction with the experiment. Within the calculations of Davydov, Filippov, and Rostovsky for rigid-triaxial rotors with γ=30°, there are sequences of higher-spin levels connected by strong ΔJ=1 transitions which decay in the same manner as those observed experimentally, yet are calculated at too high an excitation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Forney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - W B Walters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C J Chiara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R V F Janssens
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A D Ayangeakaa
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA
| | - J Sethi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Harker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Alcorta
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M P Carpenter
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G Gürdal
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Physics Department, Millsaps College, Jackson, Mississippi 39202, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - F G Kondev
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - T Lauritsen
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C J Lister
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - E A McCutchan
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A M Rogers
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - D Seweryniak
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - I Stefanescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Zhu
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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16
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Santiago-Gonzalez D, Auranen K, Avila ML, Ayangeakaa AD, Back BB, Bottoni S, Carpenter MP, Chen J, Deibel CM, Hood AA, Hoffman CR, Janssens RVF, Jiang CL, Kay BP, Kuvin SA, Lauer A, Schiffer JP, Sethi J, Talwar R, Wiedenhöver I, Winkelbauer J, Zhu S. Probing the Single-Particle Character of Rotational States in ^{19}F Using a Short-Lived Isomeric Beam. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:122503. [PMID: 29694087 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.122503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A beam containing a substantial component of both the J^{π}=5^{+}, T_{1/2}=162 ns isomeric state of ^{18}F and its 1^{+}, 109.77-min ground state is utilized to study members of the ground-state rotational band in ^{19}F through the neutron transfer reaction (d,p) in inverse kinematics. The resulting spectroscopic strengths confirm the single-particle nature of the 13/2^{+} band-terminating state. The agreement between shell-model calculations using an interaction constructed within the sd shell, and our experimental results reinforces the idea of a single-particle-collective duality in the descriptions of the structure of atomic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Santiago-Gonzalez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Auranen
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M L Avila
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A D Ayangeakaa
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B B Back
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Bottoni
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M P Carpenter
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Chen
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C M Deibel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A A Hood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R V F Janssens
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C L Jiang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S A Kuvin
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - A Lauer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J P Schiffer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Sethi
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Talwar
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - I Wiedenhöver
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - J Winkelbauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - S Zhu
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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17
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Kay BP, Hoffman CR, Macchiavelli AO. Effect of Weak Binding on the Apparent Spin-Orbit Splitting in Nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:182502. [PMID: 29219588 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.182502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The apparent splitting between orbitals that are spin-orbit partners can be substantially influenced by the effects of weak binding. In particular, such effects can account for the observed decrease in separation of the neutron 1p_{3/2} and 1p_{1/2} orbitals between the ^{41}Ca and ^{35}Si isotopes. This behavior has been the subject of recent experimental and theoretical works and cited as evidence for a proton "bubble" in ^{34}Si causing an explicit weakening of the spin-orbit interaction. The results reported here suggest that the change in the separation between the 1p_{3/2} and 1p_{1/2} partners occurs dominantly because of the behavior of the energies of these 1p neutron states near zero binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A O Macchiavelli
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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18
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Almaraz-Calderon S, Rehm KE, Gerken N, Avila ML, Kay BP, Talwar R, Ayangeakaa AD, Bottoni S, Chen AA, Deibel CM, Dickerson C, Hanselman K, Hoffman CR, Jiang CL, Kuvin SA, Nusair O, Pardo RC, Santiago-Gonzalez D, Sethi J, Ugalde C. Study of the ^{26}Al^{m}(d,p)^{27}Al Reaction and the Influence of the ^{26}Al 0^{+} Isomer on the Destruction of ^{26}Al in the Galaxy. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:072701. [PMID: 28949677 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.072701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The existence of ^{26}Al (t_{1/2}=7.17×10^{5} yr) in the interstellar medium provides a direct confirmation of ongoing nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy. The presence of a low-lying 0^{+} isomer (^{26}Al^{m}), however, severely complicates the astrophysical calculations. We present for the first time a study of the ^{26}Al^{m}(d,p)^{27}Al reaction using an isomeric ^{26}Al beam. The selectivity of this reaction allowed the study of ℓ=0 transfers to T=1/2, and T=3/2 states in ^{27}Al. Mirror symmetry arguments were then used to constrain the ^{26}Al^{m}(p,γ)^{27}Si reaction rate and provide an experimentally determined upper limit of the rate for the destruction of isomeric ^{26}Al via radiative proton capture reactions, which is expected to dominate the destruction path of ^{26}Al^{m} in asymptotic giant branch stars, classical novae, and core collapse supernovae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Almaraz-Calderon
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - K E Rehm
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - N Gerken
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - M L Avila
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Talwar
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A D Ayangeakaa
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Bottoni
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A A Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - C M Deibel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - C Dickerson
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Hanselman
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C L Jiang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S A Kuvin
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - O Nusair
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R C Pardo
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Santiago-Gonzalez
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J Sethi
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Ugalde
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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19
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Bucher B, Zhu S, Wu CY, Janssens RVF, Bernard RN, Robledo LM, Rodríguez TR, Cline D, Hayes AB, Ayangeakaa AD, Buckner MQ, Campbell CM, Carpenter MP, Clark JA, Crawford HL, David HM, Dickerson C, Harker J, Hoffman CR, Kay BP, Kondev FG, Lauritsen T, Macchiavelli AO, Pardo RC, Savard G, Seweryniak D, Vondrasek R. Direct Evidence for Octupole Deformation in ^{146}Ba and the Origin of Large E1 Moment Variations in Reflection-Asymmetric Nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:152504. [PMID: 28452498 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.152504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the more than 1 order of magnitude difference between the measured dipole moments in ^{144}Ba and ^{146}Ba, the octupole correlations in ^{146}Ba are found to be as strong as those in ^{144}Ba with a similarly large value of B(E3;3^{-}→0^{+}) determined as 48(+21-29) W.u. The new results not only establish unambiguously the presence of a region of octupole deformation centered on these neutron-rich Ba isotopes, but also manifest the dependence of the electric dipole moments on the occupancy of different neutron orbitals in nuclei with enhanced octupole strength, as revealed by fully microscopic calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bucher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, USA
| | - S Zhu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Y Wu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R V F Janssens
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R N Bernard
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - L M Robledo
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - T R Rodríguez
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Cline
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A B Hayes
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A D Ayangeakaa
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Q Buckner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C M Campbell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M P Carpenter
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J A Clark
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H L Crawford
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H M David
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Dickerson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Harker
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B P Kay
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - F G Kondev
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - T Lauritsen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A O Macchiavelli
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R C Pardo
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G Savard
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Seweryniak
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Vondrasek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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20
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Bucher B, Zhu S, Wu CY, Janssens RVF, Cline D, Hayes AB, Albers M, Ayangeakaa AD, Butler PA, Campbell CM, Carpenter MP, Chiara CJ, Clark JA, Crawford HL, Cromaz M, David HM, Dickerson C, Gregor ET, Harker J, Hoffman CR, Kay BP, Kondev FG, Korichi A, Lauritsen T, Macchiavelli AO, Pardo RC, Richard A, Riley MA, Savard G, Scheck M, Seweryniak D, Smith MK, Vondrasek R, Wiens A. Direct Evidence of Octupole Deformation in Neutron-Rich ^{144}Ba. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:112503. [PMID: 27035298 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The neutron-rich nucleus ^{144}Ba (t_{1/2}=11.5 s) is expected to exhibit some of the strongest octupole correlations among nuclei with mass numbers A less than 200. Until now, indirect evidence for such strong correlations has been inferred from observations such as enhanced E1 transitions and interleaving positive- and negative-parity levels in the ground-state band. In this experiment, the octupole strength was measured directly by sub-barrier, multistep Coulomb excitation of a post-accelerated 650-MeV ^{144}Ba beam on a 1.0-mg/cm^{2} ^{208}Pb target. The measured value of the matrix element, ⟨3_{1}^{-}∥M(E3)∥0_{1}^{+}⟩=0.65(+17/-23) eb^{3/2}, corresponds to a reduced B(E3) transition probability of 48(+25/-34) W.u. This result represents an unambiguous determination of the octupole collectivity, is larger than any available theoretical prediction, and is consistent with octupole deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bucher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Zhu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Y Wu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R V F Janssens
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Cline
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A B Hayes
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Albers
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A D Ayangeakaa
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P A Butler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C M Campbell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M P Carpenter
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C J Chiara
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J A Clark
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - M Cromaz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H M David
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Dickerson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E T Gregor
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
- SUPA, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Harker
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B P Kay
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - F G Kondev
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Korichi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- CSNSM, IN2P3-CNRS, bâtiment 104-108, F-91405 Orsay Campus, France
| | - T Lauritsen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A O Macchiavelli
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R C Pardo
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Richard
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - M A Riley
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - G Savard
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Scheck
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
- SUPA, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Seweryniak
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M K Smith
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - R Vondrasek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Wiens
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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21
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Henning G, Khoo TL, Lopez-Martens A, Seweryniak D, Alcorta M, Asai M, Back BB, Bertone PF, Boilley D, Carpenter MP, Chiara CJ, Chowdhury P, Gall B, Greenlees PT, Gürdal G, Hauschild K, Heinz A, Hoffman CR, Janssens RVF, Karpov AV, Kay BP, Kondev FG, Lakshmi S, Lauritsen T, Lister CJ, McCutchan EA, Nair C, Piot J, Potterveld D, Reiter P, Rogers AM, Rowley N, Zhu S. Fission barrier of superheavy nuclei and persistence of shell effects at high spin: cases of 254No and 220Th. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:262505. [PMID: 25615317 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.262505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first measurement of the fission barrier height in a heavy shell-stabilized nucleus. The fission barrier height of 254No is measured to be Bf=6.0±0.5 MeV at spin 15ℏ and, by extrapolation, Bf=6.6±0.9 MeV at spin 0ℏ. This information is deduced from the measured distribution of entry points in the excitation energy versus spin plane. The same measurement is performed for 220Th and only a lower limit of the fission barrier height can be determined: Bf(I)>8 MeV. Comparisons with theoretical fission barriers test theories that predict properties of superheavy elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Henning
- CSNSM, IN2P3-CNRS, and Université Paris Sud, Bat. 104-108, F-91405 Orsay, France and Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - T L Khoo
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Lopez-Martens
- CSNSM, IN2P3-CNRS, and Université Paris Sud, Bat. 104-108, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D Seweryniak
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Alcorta
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Asai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - B B Back
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P F Bertone
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Boilley
- GANIL, CEA-DSM, and IN2P3-CNRS, B.P. 55027, F-14076 Caen Cedex, France and Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - M P Carpenter
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C J Chiara
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P Chowdhury
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - B Gall
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France and CNRS, UMR7178, 67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - P T Greenlees
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - G Gürdal
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA and DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60604, USA
| | - K Hauschild
- CSNSM, IN2P3-CNRS, and Université Paris Sud, Bat. 104-108, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Heinz
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden and WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R V F Janssens
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A V Karpov
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, 141980, Russia
| | - B P Kay
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - F G Kondev
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Lakshmi
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - T Lauritsen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C J Lister
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - E A McCutchan
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Nair
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Piot
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France and CNRS, UMR7178, 67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - D Potterveld
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Reiter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - A M Rogers
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - N Rowley
- IPN, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud 11, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - S Zhu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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22
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Kay BP, Holland SK, Privitera MD, Szaflarski JP. Differences in paracingulate connectivity associated with epileptiform discharges and uncontrolled seizures in genetic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia 2014; 55:256-63. [PMID: 24447031 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) frequently continue to have seizures despite appropriate clinical management. GGE is associated with changes in the resting-state networks modulated by clinical factors such as duration of disease and response to treatment. However, the effect of generalized spike and wave discharges (GSWDs) and/or seizures on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is not well understood. METHODS We investigated the effects of GSWD frequency (in GGE patients), GGE (patients vs. healthy controls), and seizures (uncontrolled vs. controlled) on RSFC using seed-based voxel correlation in simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (EEG/fMRI) data from 72 GGE patients (23 with uncontrolled seizures) and 38 healthy controls. We used seeds in paracingulate cortex, thalamus, cerebellum, and posterior cingulate cortex to examine changes in cortical-subcortical resting-state networks and the default mode network (DMN). We excluded from analyses time points surrounding GSWDs to avoid possible contamination of the resting state. RESULTS (1) Higher frequency of GSWDs was associated with an increase in seed-based voxel correlation with cortical and subcortical brain regions associated with executive function, attention, and the DMN; (2) RSFC in patients with GGE, when compared to healthy controls, was increased between paracingulate cortex and anterior, but not posterior, thalamus; and (3) GGE patients with uncontrolled seizures exhibited decreased cerebellar RSFC. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings in this large sample of patients with GGE (1) demonstrate an effect of interictal GSWDs on resting-state networks, (2) provide evidence that different thalamic nuclei may be affected differently by GGE, and (3) suggest that cerebellum is a modulator of ictogenic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Kay
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
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Abstract
Cross sections for proton knockout observed in (e,e'p) reactions are apparently quenched by a factor of ∼0.5, an effect attributed to short-range correlations between nucleons. Here we demonstrate that such quenching is not restricted to proton knockout, but a more general phenomenon associated with any nucleon transfer. Measurements of absolute cross sections on a number of targets between 16O and 208Pb were analyzed in a consistent way, with the cross sections reduced to spectroscopic factors through the distorted-wave Born approximation with global optical potentials. Across the 124 cases analyzed here, induced by various proton- and neutron-transfer reactions and with angular momentum transfer ℓ=0-7, the results are consistent with a quenching factor of 0.55. This is an apparently uniform quenching of single-particle motion in the nuclear medium. The effect is seen not only in (d,p) reactions but also in reactions with A=3 and 4 projectiles, when realistic wave functions are used for the projectiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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24
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Kay BP, DiFrancesco MW, Privitera MD, Gotman J, Holland SK, Szaflarski JP. Reduced default mode network connectivity in treatment-resistant idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia 2013; 54:461-70. [PMID: 23293853 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) resistant to treatment is common, but its neuronal correlates are not entirely understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine resting-state default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity in patients with treatment-resistant IGE. METHODS Treatment resistance was defined as continuing seizures despite an adequate dose of valproic acid (valproate, VPA). Data from 60 epilepsy patients and 38 healthy controls who underwent simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were included (EEG/fMRI). Independent component analysis (ICA) and dual regression were used to quantify DMN connectivity. Confirmatory analysis using seed-based voxel correlation was performed. KEY FINDINGS There was a significant reduction of DMN connectivity in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy when compared to patients who were treatment responsive and healthy controls. Connectivity was negatively correlated with duration of epilepsy. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings in this large sample of patients with IGE indicate the presence of reduced DMN connectivity in IGE and show that connectivity is further reduced in treatment-resistant epilepsy. DMN connectivity may be useful as a biomarker for treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Kay
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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25
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Kay BP, Meng X, Difrancesco MW, Holland SK, Szaflarski JP. Moderating effects of music on resting state networks. Brain Res 2012; 1447:53-64. [PMID: 22365746 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Resting state networks (RSNs) are spontaneous, synchronous, low-frequency oscillations observed in the brains of subjects who are awake but at rest. A particular RSN called the default mode network (DMN) has been shown to exhibit changes associated with neurological disorders such as temporal lobe epilepsy or Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies have also found that differing experimental conditions such as eyes-open versus eyes-closed can produce measurable changes in the DMN. These condition-associated changes have the potential of confounding the measurements of changes in RSNs related to or caused by disease state(s). In this study, we use fMRI measurements of resting-state connectivity paired with EEG measurements of alpha rhythm and employ independent component analysis, undirected graphs of partial spectral coherence, and spatiotemporal regression to investigate the effect of music-listening on RSNs and the DMN in particular. We observed similar patterns of DMN connectivity in subjects who were listening to music compared with those who were not, with a trend toward a more introspective pattern of resting-state connectivity during music-listening. We conclude that music-listening is a valid condition under which the DMN can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0525, USA.
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26
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Schiffer JP, Hoffman CR, Kay BP, Clark JA, Deibel CM, Freeman SJ, Howard AM, Mitchell AJ, Parker PD, Sharp DK, Thomas JS. Test of sum rules in nucleon transfer reactions. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:022501. [PMID: 22324674 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.022501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative consistency of nucleon transfer reactions as a probe of the occupancy of valence orbits in nuclei is tested. Neutron-adding, neutron-removal, and proton-adding transfer reactions were measured on the four stable even Ni isotopes, with particular attention to the cross section determinations. The data were analyzed consistently in terms of the distorted wave Born approximation to yield spectroscopic factors. Valence-orbit occupancies were extracted, utilizing the Macfarlane-French sum rules. The deduced occupancies are consistent with the changing number of valence neutrons, as are the vacancies for protons, both at the level of <5%. While there has been some debate regarding the true "observability" of spectroscopic factors, the present results indicate that empirically they yield self-consistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Schiffer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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27
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Wuosmaa AH, Back BB, Baker S, Brown BA, Deibel CM, Fallon P, Hoffman CR, Kay BP, Lee HY, Lighthall JC, Macchiavelli AO, Marley ST, Pardo RC, Rehm KE, Schiffer JP, Shetty DV, Wiedeking M. ¹⁵C(d,p)¹⁶C reaction and exotic behavior in ¹⁶C. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:132501. [PMID: 21230766 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the ¹⁵C(d,p)¹⁶C reaction in inverse kinematics using the Helical Orbit Spectrometer at Argonne National Laboratory. Prior studies of electromagnetic-transition rates in ¹⁶C suggested an exotic decoupling of the valence neutrons from the core in that nucleus. Neutron-adding spectroscopic factors give a different probe of the wave functions of the relevant states in ¹⁶C. Shell-model calculations reproduce both the present transfer data and the previously measured transition rates, suggesting that ¹⁶C may be described without invoking very exotic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Wuosmaa
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5252, USA
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28
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Back BB, Baker SI, Brown BA, Deibel CM, Freeman SJ, DiGiovine BJ, Hoffman CR, Kay BP, Lee HY, Lighthall JC, Marley ST, Pardo RC, Rehm KE, Schiffer JP, Shetty DV, Vann AW, Winkelbauer J, Wuosmaa AH. First experiment with HELIOS: the structure of 13B. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:132501. [PMID: 20481878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A first experiment is reported that makes use of a new kind of spectrometer uniquely suited to the study of reactions with radioactive beams in inverse kinematics, the helical orbit spectrometer, HELIOS. The properties of some low-lying states in the neutron-rich N=8 nucleus 13B were studied with good resolution. From the measured angular distributions of the (d,p) reaction and the relative spectroscopic factors, spin and configuration assignments of the first- and third-excited states of this nucleus can be constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Back
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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29
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Schiffer JP, Freeman SJ, Clark JA, Deibel C, Fitzpatrick CR, Gros S, Heinz A, Hirata D, Jiang CL, Kay BP, Parikh A, Parker PD, Rehm KE, Villari ACC, Werner V, Wrede C. Nuclear structure relevant to neutrinoless double beta decay: 76Ge and 76Se. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:112501. [PMID: 18517778 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.112501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of observing neutrinoless double beta decay offers the opportunity of determining the effective neutrino mass if the nuclear matrix element were known. Theoretical calculations are uncertain, and measurements of the occupations of valence orbits by nucleons active in the decay can be important. The occupation of valence neutron orbits in the ground states of 76Ge (a candidate for such decay) and 76Se (the daughter nucleus) were determined by precisely measuring cross sections for both neutron-adding and removing transfer reactions. Our results indicate that the Fermi surface is much more diffuse than in theoretical calculations. We find that the populations of at least three orbits change significantly between these two ground states while in the calculations, the changes are confined primarily to one orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Schiffer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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Holschneider DP, Scremin OU, Chialvo DR, Kay BP, Maarek JMI. Flattened cortical maps of cerebral function in the rat: a region-of-interest approach to data sampling, analysis and display. Neurosci Lett 2008; 434:179-84. [PMID: 18325664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method for the measurement, analysis and display of cerebral cortical data obtained from coronal brain sections of the adult rat. In this method, regions-of-interest (ROI) are selected in the cortical mantle in a semiautomated fashion using a radial grid overlay, spaced in 15 degrees intervals from the midline. ROI measurements of intensity are mapped on a flattened two-dimensional surface. Topographic maps of statistical significance at each ROI allow for the rapid viewing of group differences. Cortical z-scores are displayed with the boundaries of brain regions defined according to a standard atlas of the rat brain. This method and accompanying software implementation (Matlab, Labview) allow for compact data display in a variety of autoradiographic and histologic studies of the structure and function of the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Holschneider
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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