1
|
Zenbaba D, Sahiledengle B, Beressa G, Desta F, Teferu Z, Nugusu F, Atlaw D, Shiferaw Z, Gezahegn B, Mamo A, Desalegn T, Negash W, Negash G, Mama M, Nigussie E, Chattu VK. Bacterial contamination of healthcare workers' mobile phones in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Health 2023; 51:55. [PMID: 37798670 PMCID: PMC10552405 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile phones are potential reservoirs for pathogens and sources of healthcare-associated infections. More microbes can be found on a mobile phone than on a man's lavatory seat, the sole of a shoe, or a door handle. When examining patients, frequent handling of mobile phones can spread bacteria. Nevertheless, evidence of bacterial contamination of mobile phones used by healthcare workers in Africa was inconclusive. Thus, this meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of bacterial contamination of mobile phones used by healthcare workers and the most frequent bacterial isolates in Africa. METHODS We systematically retrieved relevant studies using PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, HINARI, Science Direct, Cochrane Library databases, and Google Scholar from July 1, 2023 to August 08, 2023. We included observational studies that reported the prevalence of bacterial contamination of mobile phones among healthcare workers. The DerSimonian-random Laird's effect model was used to calculate effect estimates for the pooled prevalence of bacterial contamination in mobile phones and a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Among 4544 retrieved studies, 26 eligible articles with a total sample size of 2,887 study participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of mobile phone bacterial contamination among healthcare workers was 84.5% (95% CI 81.7, 87.4%; I2 = 97.9%, p value < 0.001). The most dominant type of bacteria isolated in this review was coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) which accounted for 44.0% of the pooled contamination rate of mobile phones used by healthcare workers, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (31.3%), and Escherichia coli (10.7%). CONCLUSIONS In this review, the contamination of mobile phones used by HCWs with various bacterial isolates was shown to be considerable. The most prevalent bacteria isolates were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aurous, and Escherichia coli. The prevalence of bacterial contamination in mobile phones varies by country and sub-region. Hence, healthcare planners and policymakers should establish norms to manage healthcare workers' hand hygiene and disinfection after using mobile phones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demisu Zenbaba
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia.
| | - Biniyam Sahiledengle
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Beressa
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Fikreab Desta
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Zinash Teferu
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Fikadu Nugusu
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Atlaw
- Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Zerihun Shiferaw
- Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Gezahegn
- Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Ayele Mamo
- Departments of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Desalegn
- Departments of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Wogene Negash
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Negash
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammedaman Mama
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Nigussie
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 76, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, 442107, India
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Regasa T, Dinku Y, Gezahegn B, Feleke Z, Regassa Z, Mamo A, Assefa T, Gezahegn H, Solomon D, Atlaw D, Dessie M. The Elevation of Pancreatic Enzymes in Serum and Their Distribution at Different Stages of Renal Insufficiency Among Diabetic Patients Attending Goba Referral Hospital. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2087-2093. [PMID: 35880135 PMCID: PMC9307908 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s363714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute pancreatitis is auto-cell destruction that is manifested by increased leakage of amylase and lipase into circulation. During pancreatitis, the activity of serum amylase and lipase is elevated three times above the upper limit of the normal range. This elevation was observed in both prediabetic and diabetic patients. Severe acute pancreatitis can result in acute kidney injury and other multi-organ dysfunction, which is one of the reasons for death. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the elevation of serum amylase and lipase and their distribution at different stages of renal insufficiency among diabetic patients. METHODS This study included 286 diabetic patients (36 type 1 and 250 type 2), and data were collected from May 1 to June 30, 2019. The study design used was an institution-based cross-sectional study. A face-to-face interview was used to collect data, and serum creatinine, amylase, and lipase levels were measured using a chemistry analyzer. For data entry and statistical analysis, respectively, Epidata software version 3.02 and SPSS version 21 were used. RESULTS The mean serum amylase among diabetic patients suffering from G3b and G4 was 106.79 IU/L ± 118.18 IU/L and 104.85 ± 90.42 IU/L, respectively. Their mean serum lipase activity was 105.07 IU/L ± 127.54 IU/L and 106.98 IU/L ± 88.35 IU/L, respectively. Serum lipase activity was elevated above the normal range and three times above the upper limit of the normal range with a magnitude of 11.2% and 4.2%, respectively. Similarly, 9.1% and 0.7% of diabetic patients had increased serum amylase above the normal range and three-fold above the normal range, respectively. CONCLUSION As glomerular filtration decreases, particularly in moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease, serum amylase and lipase activity rise above the upper limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadele Regasa
- School of medicine, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Tadele Regasa, Tel +251922311812, Email
| | - Yohannes Dinku
- School of medicine, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | | | - Zegeye Feleke
- School of Health Science, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Zegeye Regassa
- School of Health Science, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Ayele Mamo
- School of medicine, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Assefa
- School of Health Science, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | | | - Damtew Solomon
- School of medicine, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Atlaw
- School of medicine, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Dessie
- School of Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|