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Jin Y, Yang T, Xia T, Shen Z, Ma T. Association between serum amylase levels and CD4 cell counts in newly diagnosed people living with HIV: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32638. [PMID: 36637942 PMCID: PMC9839261 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amylase is a direct reflection of pancreatic injury. Several clinical studies have indicated that antiretroviral therapy may be the main cause of increased serum amylase in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). However, other probable causes including direct human immunodeficiency virus infection, opportunistic infections and neoplasms, alcohol abuse, and use of illicit drugs, which can also affect pancreatic amylase levels were not considered in these studies. In our study, we collected clinical data from newly diagnosed PLWH who had not received antiretroviral therapy, and examined the association between serum amylase levels and CD4 cell counts. Between November 2018 and September 2021, a total of 344 newly diagnosed PLWH and 344 healthy controls were recruited at Ningbo Yinzhou No 2 Hospital. Serum amylase levels, CD4 cell counts and other clinical features were measured. Relationships between serum amylase levels and clinical parameters were evaluated using correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors. Newly diagnosed PLWH had lower CD4 cell counts and higher serum amylase levels than healthy controls (P < .05). Serum amylase levels were negatively correlated with CD4 cell counts (r = -0.506, P < .001). In multiple linear regression analyses, CD4 cell counts (β = -0.327, 95% confidence interval = -0.051--0.022, P < .001) were independently associated with serum amylase levels. CD4 cell counts were independently associated with serum amylase levels in newly diagnosed PLWH. Thus, close monitoring of serum amylase may be significant in preventing opportunistic infections of PLWH, since low CD4 cell counts are associated with an increased risk of opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianmeng Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Xia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
- * Correspondence: Tingting Ma, Department of Internal Medicine, Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Qianhe Rd No. 998, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315101, People’s Republic of China (e-mail: )
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Locia‐Morales D, Vázquez‐Moreno M, González‐Dzib R, Domínguez‐Hernández C, Pérez‐Herrera A, Robles‐Ramírez RJ, Rocha‐Cruz A, Meyre D, Flores‐Alfaro E, Cruz M. Association of total and pancreatic serum amylase enzymatic activity with insulin resistance and the glucose and insulin responses to oral starch test in Mexican children. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12965. [PMID: 36350201 PMCID: PMC9787783 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Little is known about the effect of serum amylase enzymatic activity on glucose metabolism. We investigated the association of serum amylase enzymatic activity with fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance (IR), and the plasma glucose and insulin response to an oral starch test (OST) in Mexican children. METHODS Anthropometric data, glucose and insulin levels, and the serum enzymatic activity of total (AMYt), salivary (AMY1), and pancreatic (AMY2) amylase were analysed in 764 children (Nnormal weight = 427/Nobesity = 337). After categorization into low (LA) and high (HA) AMYt, an OST with commercial white bread was performed in 39 children (Nnormal weight = 17/Nobesity = 22). RESULTS A positive association between serum enzymatic activity of AMY2 and IR was observed in children with obesity (p = 0.018). Children with normal weight had lower plasma glucose and insulin response to OST than children with obesity (Pglucose = 4.1 × 10-12 ; Pinsulin = 2.1 × 10-15 ). Compared with the LA group, children with HA showed lower plasma glucose and insulin response to OST (Pglucose ≤ 0.040; Pinsulin ≤ 0.015). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that AMY2 is positively associated with IR. A high level of AMYt is related to lower glucose and insulin responses to OST in Mexican children, regardless of their weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Locia‐Morales
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico,Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingoMexico
| | - Miguel Vázquez‐Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Roxana González‐Dzib
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Jefatura de los Servicios de Prestaciones MédicasCoordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en SaludCampecheMexico
| | - Carmen Domínguez‐Hernández
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Jefatura de los Servicios de Prestaciones MédicasCoordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en SaludCampecheMexico
| | - Aleyda Pérez‐Herrera
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaInstituto Politécnico Nacional‐Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral‐Regional Unidad OaxacaOaxaca CityMexico
| | - Roberto J. Robles‐Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, División de Auxiliares de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital de PediatríaCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - Alberto Rocha‐Cruz
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, División de Auxiliares de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital de PediatríaCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada,Faculty of Medicine of Nancy INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk ExposureUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance,Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and NutritionUniversity Hospital of NancyNancyFrance
| | - Eugenia Flores‐Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingoMexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
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Regasa T, Dinku Y, Gezahegn B, Feleke Z, Regassa Z, Mamo A, Assefa T, Gezahegn H, Solomon D, Atlaw D, Dessie M. The Elevation of Pancreatic Enzymes in Serum and Their Distribution at Different Stages of Renal Insufficiency Among Diabetic Patients Attending Goba Referral Hospital. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2087-2093. [PMID: 35880135 PMCID: PMC9307908 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s363714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute pancreatitis is auto-cell destruction that is manifested by increased leakage of amylase and lipase into circulation. During pancreatitis, the activity of serum amylase and lipase is elevated three times above the upper limit of the normal range. This elevation was observed in both prediabetic and diabetic patients. Severe acute pancreatitis can result in acute kidney injury and other multi-organ dysfunction, which is one of the reasons for death. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the elevation of serum amylase and lipase and their distribution at different stages of renal insufficiency among diabetic patients. METHODS This study included 286 diabetic patients (36 type 1 and 250 type 2), and data were collected from May 1 to June 30, 2019. The study design used was an institution-based cross-sectional study. A face-to-face interview was used to collect data, and serum creatinine, amylase, and lipase levels were measured using a chemistry analyzer. For data entry and statistical analysis, respectively, Epidata software version 3.02 and SPSS version 21 were used. RESULTS The mean serum amylase among diabetic patients suffering from G3b and G4 was 106.79 IU/L ± 118.18 IU/L and 104.85 ± 90.42 IU/L, respectively. Their mean serum lipase activity was 105.07 IU/L ± 127.54 IU/L and 106.98 IU/L ± 88.35 IU/L, respectively. Serum lipase activity was elevated above the normal range and three times above the upper limit of the normal range with a magnitude of 11.2% and 4.2%, respectively. Similarly, 9.1% and 0.7% of diabetic patients had increased serum amylase above the normal range and three-fold above the normal range, respectively. CONCLUSION As glomerular filtration decreases, particularly in moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease, serum amylase and lipase activity rise above the upper limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadele Regasa
- School of medicine, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Tadele Regasa, Tel +251922311812, Email
| | - Yohannes Dinku
- School of medicine, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | | | - Zegeye Feleke
- School of Health Science, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Zegeye Regassa
- School of Health Science, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Ayele Mamo
- School of medicine, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Assefa
- School of Health Science, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | | | - Damtew Solomon
- School of medicine, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Atlaw
- School of medicine, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Dessie
- School of Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Yin C, Lu S, Wei D, Xiong J, Zhu L, Yan S, Meng R. Effects of nutritional support combined with insulin therapy on serum proteins, inflammatory factors, pentraxin-3, and serum amylase levels in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with acute pancreatitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27920. [PMID: 34941035 PMCID: PMC8702117 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the effects of nutritional support combined with insulin therapy on serum protein, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), and serum amylase (AMS) levels in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with acute pancreatitis.A total of 64 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with acute pancreatitis admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to February 2019 were enrolled in this prospective study. They were divided into the study group and the control group according to the random number table method, with 32 patients in each group. Patients in the study group were given nutritional support combined with insulin therapy, and patients in the control group were given insulin therapy.There were no significant differences in general data including age, gender, body mass index, course and type of diabetes, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, RANSON, CT grades between the 2 groups before treatment (all P > .05). After 7 days of treatment, the clinical efficacy of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (study group vs control group, 94.44% vs 75.00%, P < .05). After 7 days of treatment, the levels of prealbumin and albumin in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .05). After 7 days of treatment, the levels of PCT, CRP, TNF-α, PTX-3, and AMS in the 2 groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < .05), and the levels of PCT, CRP, TNF-α, PTX-3, and AMS in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group. After 7 days of treatment, the levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA in the 2 groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .05).Nutritional support combined with insulin is obviously effective in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with acute pancreatitis, which can improve serum protein levels, reduce inflammatory response, improve immune function, and is worthy of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangshan Worker Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Songtao Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangshan Worker Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Dongmei Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangshan Worker Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Juwen Xiong
- Department of Emergency, Tangshan 120 Emergency Command Center, Tangshan, China
| | - Lishuang Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangshan Worker Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Shaoru Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tangshan Worker Hospital, Tangshan, China
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Tatekawa Y. A case of seat belt-induced small bowel rupture and Chance fracture accompanied by elevated serum amylase. J Surg Case Rep 2021; 2021:rjab315. [PMID: 34336185 PMCID: PMC8318600 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjab315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein our experience with a 10-year-old girl who incurred injuries consistent with seat belt syndrome. The patient was involved in a low-speed motor vehicle accident while restrained in a three-point belt (shoulder and lap belts). She complained of abdominal pain and developed tenderness and abdominal guarding. On admission, enhanced computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a fluid collection in the pelvis and a fractured vertebra in the lumbar spine. The following day, her C-reactive protein and serum amylase levels were elevated and plain CT demonstrated free air in the left side of the abdominal cavity. A ruptured jejunum was detected on laparoscopy. The involved segment of intestine was resected and an end-to-end anastomosis performed. She had an uneventful post-operative course. On post-operative day 14, she was transferred to another facility to undergo therapy for her spinal fracture. After completing conservative therapy, she was discharged 5 weeks after the initial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Tatekawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
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6
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Kasamatsu H, Oyama N, Hasegawa M, Oku Y, Inoue G, Kimura M, Kanno M, Kawakami T, Ohta H, Yoneshima M. Fatal case of pancreatic panniculitis caused by occult neuroendocrine tumor in the corresponding organ: A case report and review of the published work. J Dermatol 2020; 48:237-241. [PMID: 33073392 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic panniculitis (PP) is a rare clinical variant of subcutaneous fat necrosis, developing in patients with a variety of pancreatic diseases such as acute or chronic pancreatitis, tumors and cysts. The tumor-associated PP represents a noteworthy skin manifestation of underlying internal malignancies, also known as dermadrome. Among causative pancreatic tumors, acinar cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy; however, little is known about how the origin of tumor cells and progression stage of pancreatic tumors potentially contribute to the establishment of panniculitis. Here, we present a 69-year-old Japanese male case of clinically aggressive PP on the bilateral legs, whose skin lesions developed prior to the diagnosis of occult pancreatic tumor and liver metastasis. Moreover, the immunopathology of the pancreatic lesion revealed neuroendocrine tumor (NET), a rare pathological variant. Skin lesions immediately spread to the upper limbs with extensive ulcerations and necrosis, accompanied by high levels of serum lipase and elastase, but not with other pancreatic enzymes. He died 2 months after the initial development of the skin lesion due to rapid deterioration of general condition. We reviewed 14 cases, including ours, of PP with NET in the pancreas thus far reported, to identify the clinicopathological characteristics regarding to what extent this rare complication could reflect the clinical course of pancreatic tumors and overall prognosis. Our published work review found that the disease has a significant male predominance (male : female, 13:1) and cases with occult pancreatic tumors died within 4 months after the development of their skin lesions. Our case was the poorest prognostic outcome. This report emphasizes that dermatologists should recognize PP with NET, reflecting a fatal prognosis, and to make a prompt diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dermatology, Municipal Tsuruga Hospital, Tsuruga, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Japan
| | - Noritaka Oyama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Japan
| | - Yohei Oku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Municipal Tsuruga Hospital, Tsuruga, Japan
| | - Genki Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Municipal Tsuruga Hospital, Tsuruga, Japan
| | - Makiko Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Municipal Tsuruga Hospital, Tsuruga, Japan
| | - Masataka Kanno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Municipal Tsuruga Hospital, Tsuruga, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Municipal Tsuruga Hospital, Tsuruga, Japan
| | - Hajime Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Municipal Tsuruga Hospital, Tsuruga, Japan
| | - Manabu Yoneshima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Municipal Tsuruga Hospital, Tsuruga, Japan
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Zimmitti G, Langella S, Sega V, Manzoni A, Bogoni S, Russolillo N, Ferrero A, Rosso E. Serum amylase elevation following pancreatoduodenectomy with pancreatogastrostomy is strongly associated with major complications. ANZ J Surg 2020; 91:348-354. [PMID: 33021058 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports suggest that, following pancreatic resection, serum amylase elevation (SAE) may be a surrogate indicator of post-operative acute pancreatitis (PAP) and predict post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF). However, POPF may not account for the majority of complications when pancreatoenteric continuity is restored by pancreatogastrostomy. We aimed to evaluate, among patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy with pancreatogastrostomy, the correlation between SAE, radiological changes consistent with PAP and types of post-operative complications overall and specific for pancreatic surgery. METHODS Perioperative data from 102 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with pancreatogastrostomy at two Italian hospitals (January 2015-January 2017) were retrospectively analysed. SAE was defined as serum amylase more than three times the normal concentration at post-operative day 1. Post-operative abdominal computed tomography scan was routinely performed and retrospectively and blindly re-assessed for findings consistent with PAP. RESULTS Among 102 study patients, overall and major complications and mortality occurred in 68% and 24% and 3% of cases, respectively. POPF and post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage (PPH) occurred in 12% and 21%, respectively. In 75% of patients developing PPH, it occurred in the absence of POPF. SAE occurred in 36 patients who, compared to 66 non-SAE patients, more frequently showed computed tomography scan findings consistent with pancreatic stump inflammation (P = 0.002), confirming association between SAE and PAP. SAE was independently associated with the occurrence of major complications, POPF and PPH (hazard ratio (HR) 3.27, P = 0.032; HR 3.94, P = 0.012; HR 12.26, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION SAE can be considered a valid surrogate of PAP and is strongly associated with a higher rate of post-operative major complications, both overall and specific for pancreatic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Zimmitti
- Department of General Surgery, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Langella
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Mauriziano Hospital "Umberto I", Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Sega
- Department of General Surgery, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Manzoni
- Department of General Surgery, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Selene Bogoni
- Department of General Surgery, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nadia Russolillo
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Mauriziano Hospital "Umberto I", Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ferrero
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Mauriziano Hospital "Umberto I", Turin, Italy
| | - Edoardo Rosso
- Department of General Surgery, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Humans have multiple genes encoding amylase that are broadly divided into salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) genes. They exhibit some of the greatest copy numbers of any human gene, an expansion possibly driven by increased dietary starch intake. Within the population, amylase gene copy number is highly variable and there is evidence of an inverse association between AMY1 copy number and BMI. AREAS COVERED We examine the evidence for the link between AMY1 and BMI, its potential mechanisms, and the metabolic effects of salivary and pancreatic amylase, both in the gastrointestinal tract and the blood EXPERT COMMENTARY Salivary amylase may influence postprandial 'cephalic phase' insulin release, which improves glucose tolerance, while serum amylase may have insulin-sensitizing properties. This could explain the favorable metabolic status associated with higher AMY1 copy number. The association with BMI is harder to explain and is potentially mediated by increased flux of undigested starch into the ileum, with resultant effects on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), changes in gut microbiota and effects on appetite and energy expenditure in those with low copy number. Future research on the role of amylase as a determinant of metabolic health and BMI may lead to novel therapies to target obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J D Elder
- a Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry , UK
| | - David B Ramsden
- b Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - David Burnett
- c Micropathology Ltd, University of Warwick Science Park , Coventry , UK
| | - Martin O Weickert
- a Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry , UK
- d Division of Biomedical Sciences , Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , Coventry , UK
- e Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences , Coventry University , Coventry , UK
| | - Thomas M Barber
- a Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry , UK
- d Division of Biomedical Sciences , Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , Coventry , UK
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Kadhirvel V, Ramu S, Mishra N, Adaikalam MLS, Venkatesan R. Serous Microcystic Adenocarcinoma of Pancreas Infiltrating Into Spleen: A Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ED01-2. [PMID: 26500911 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/12869.6439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic tumours of pancreas account for 5-10% of all pancreatic neoplasms and serous tumours represent 1% among those tumours. Most of the serous tumours are benign and very rarely they infiltrate adjacent organs like liver and spleen. Herewith we present a rare case report of serous cystadenocarcinoma of pancreas in a 65-year-old woman. The tumour involved the body and tail of pancreas and contiguously invaded the spleen. The histopathology of tumour was similar to serous cystadenoma with mild nuclear hyperchromasia and atypia. The spleen showed tumour infiltration as microcysts diffusely infitrating the red pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valarmathi Kadhirvel
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Medical College, Dr.M.G.R. Medical University Government Stanley , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathyalakshmi Ramu
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Medical College, Dr.M.G.R. Medical University Government Stanley , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Post Graduate, Department of Pathology, Medical College, Dr.M.G.R. Medical University Government Stanley , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mary Lilly Susai Adaikalam
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Medical College, Dr.M.G.R. Medical University Government Stanley , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramya Venkatesan
- Post Graduate, Department of Pathology, Medical College, Dr.M.G.R. Medical University Government Stanley , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rana S, Kumar R, Sultana S, Sharma RK. Radiation-induced biomarkers for the detection and assessment of absorbed radiation doses. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2011; 2:189-96. [PMID: 21829314 PMCID: PMC3148623 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.68500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation incident involving living organisms is an uncommon but a very serious situation. The first step in medical management including triage is high-throughput assessment of the radiation dose received. Radiation exposure levels can be assessed from viability of cells, cellular organelles such as chromosome and different intermediate metabolites. Oxidative damages by ionizing radiation result in carcinogenesis, lowering of the immune response and, ultimately, damage to the hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal system and central nervous system. Biodosimetry is based on the measurement of the radiation-induced changes, which can correlate them with the absorbed dose. Radiation biomarkers such as chromosome aberration are most widely used. Serum enzymes such as serum amylase and diamine oxidase are the most promising biodosimeters. The level of gene expression and protein are also good biomarkers of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Rana
- Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi - 110 054, India
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