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Covens K, Verbinnen B, de Jong BG, Moens L, Wuyts G, Verheyen G, Nys K, Cremer J, Smulders S, Schrijvers R, Weinhäusel A, Vermeire S, Verschueren P, Langhe ED, van Dongen JJM, van Zelm MC, Bossuyt X. Plasma cells are not restricted to the CD27+ phenotype: characterization of CD27-CD43+ antibody-secreting cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165936. [PMID: 37492569 PMCID: PMC10364057 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating antibody-secreting cells are present in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals reflecting the continued activity of the humoral immune system. Antibody-secreting cells typically express CD27. Here we describe and characterize a small population of antibody-secreting class switched CD19+CD43+ B cells that lack expression of CD27 in the peripheral blood of healthy subjects. In this study, we characterized CD27-CD43+ cells. We demonstrate that class-switched CD27-CD43+ B cells possess characteristics of conventional plasmablasts as they spontaneously secrete antibodies, are morphologically similar to antibody-secreting cells, show downregulation of B cell differentiation markers, and have a gene expression profile related to conventional plasmablasts. Despite these similarities, we observed differences in IgA and IgG subclass distribution, expression of homing markers, replication history, frequency of somatic hypermutation, immunoglobulin repertoire, gene expression related to Toll-like receptors, cytokines, and cytokine receptors, and antibody response to vaccination. Their frequency is altered in immune-mediated disorders. Conclusion we characterized CD27-CD43+ cells as antibody-secreting cells with differences in function and homing potential as compared to conventional CD27+ antibody-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Covens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
- Biocartis, Research and Development, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Bert Verbinnen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
- Biomedical Laboratory Technology, Radius, Life Sciences and Chemistry, Thomas More Kempen, Geel, Belgium
| | - Britt G. de Jong
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Periodontology, ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leen Moens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inborn Errors of Immunity, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Wuyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Verheyen
- Biomedical Laboratory Technology, Radius, Life Sciences and Chemistry, Thomas More Kempen, Geel, Belgium
| | - Kris Nys
- Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Smulders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Ellen De Langhe
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques J. M. van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CIC-IBMCC, USAL-CSIC-FICUS), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Menno C. van Zelm
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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De Greef J, Verbinnen B, Van Caneghem J. Waste-to-energy: Coupling Waste Treatment to Highly Efficient CHP. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2017-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) has become the most widespread Best Available Technology (BAT) to treat residual waste streams in a reliable and safe way. As such, MSWI has contributed to achieve the landfill diversion targets in many EU member states. Modern waste incinerators, also referred to as Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants, have furthermore evolved to producers of electricity, heat and steam for energy-consuming industries, agriculture and residences. However, due to the specific composition and properties of MSW and similar waste, and due to the historical development of MSWI, the exploitation of WtE plants as combined heat and power (CHP) plants is not straightforward. The aims of this paper are to develop a better understanding of these limitations, to point out possibilities for increasing the level of energy recovery and utilization in WtE plants, and to document this approach with data and experiences from selected WtE plants currently integrated in CHP schemes. Finally, some design and operational challenges for waste-fired CHP plants are further elaborated from a WtE plant supplier’s perspective.
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Moens L, Frans G, Bosch B, Bossuyt X, Verbinnen B, Poppe W, Boeckx N, Slatter M, Brusselmans C, Diaz G, Tousseyn T, Flipts H, Corveleyn A, Dierickx D, Meyts I. Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis in an adult with warts-hypogammaglobulinemia-immunodeficiency-myelokathexis syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1485-1489.e2. [PMID: 27484033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leen Moens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Experimental Laboratory Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Glynis Frans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Experimental Laboratory Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Bosch
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Experimental Laboratory Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Verbinnen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Experimental Laboratory Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Biomedical Laboratory Technology, Life Sciences & Chemistry, Thomas More Kempen, Geel, Belgium
| | - Willy Poppe
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynaecology, UZ Gasthuisberg Herestraat, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy Boeckx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mary Slatter
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - George Diaz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Helena Flipts
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anniek Corveleyn
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daan Dierickx
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology, KU Leuven, Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Childhood Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Vogel I, Verbinnen B, Van Gool S, Ceuppens JL. Regulatory T Cell-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms of Immune Suppression by CD28/B7 and CD40/CD40L Costimulation Blockade. J Immunol 2016; 197:533-40. [PMID: 27288533 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Blocking of costimulatory CD28/B7 and CD40/CD40L interactions is an experimental approach to immune suppression and tolerance induction. We previously reported that administration of a combination of CTLA-4Ig and MR1 (anti-CD40L mAb) for blockade of these interactions induces tolerance in a fully mismatched allogeneic splenocyte transfer model in mice. We now used this model to study whether regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to immune suppression and why both pathways have to be blocked simultaneously. Mice were injected with allogeneic splenocytes, CD4(+) T cells, or CD8(+) T cells and treated with MR1 mAb and different doses of CTLA-4Ig. The graft-versus-host reaction of CD4(+) T cells, but not of CD8(+) T cells, was inhibited by MR1. CTLA-4Ig was needed to cover CD8(+) T cells but had only a weak effect on CD4(+) T cells. Consequently, only the combination provided full protection when splenocytes were transferred. Importantly, MR1 and low-dose CTLA-4Ig treatment resulted in a relative increase in Tregs, and immune suppressive efficacy was abolished in the absence of Tregs. High-dose CTLA-4Ig treatment, in contrast, prevented Treg expansion and activity, and in combination with MR1 completely inhibited CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation in a Treg-independent manner. In conclusion, MR1 and CTLA-4Ig act synergistically as they target different T cell populations. The contribution of Tregs to immune suppression by costimulation blockade depends on the concentration of CTLA-4Ig and thus on the degree of available CD28 costimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Vogel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KULeuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Bert Verbinnen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KULeuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Stefaan Van Gool
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KULeuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Childhood Immunology, KULeuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan L Ceuppens
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KULeuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and
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Schaballie H, Vermeulen F, Verbinnen B, Frans G, Vermeulen E, Proesmans M, De Vreese K, Emonds MP, De Boeck K, Moens L, Picard C, Bossuyt X, Meyts I. Value of allohaemagglutinins in the diagnosis of a polysaccharide antibody deficiency. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:271-9. [PMID: 25516411 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide antibody deficiency is characterized by a poor or absent antibody response after vaccination with an unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Allohaemagglutinins (AHA) are antibodies to A or B polysaccharide antigens on the red blood cells, and are often used as an additional or alternative measure to assess the polysaccharide antibody response. However, few studies have been conducted to establish the clinical significance of AHA. To investigate the value of AHA to diagnose a polysaccharide antibody deficiency, pneumococcal polysaccharide antibody titres and AHA were studied retrospectively in 180 subjects in whom both tests had been performed. Receiver operating characteristic curves for AHA versus the pneumococcal vaccine response as a marker for the anti-polysaccharide immune response revealed an area under the curve between 0·5 and 0·573. Sensitivity and specificity of AHA to detect a polysaccharide antibody deficiency, as diagnosed by vaccination response, were low (calculated for cut-off 1/4-1/32). In subjects with only low pneumococcal antibody response, the prevalence of bronchiectasis was significantly higher than in subjects with only low AHA (45·5 and 1·3%, respectively) or normal pneumococcal antibody response and AHA (2·4%). A logistic regression model showed that low pneumococcal antibody response but not AHA was associated with bronchiectasis (odds ratio 46·2). The results of this study do not support the routine use of AHA to assess the polysaccharide antibody response in patients with suspected immunodeficiency, but more studies are warranted to clarify the subject further.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schaballie
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Verbeke L, Farre R, Verbinnen B, Covens K, Vanuytsel T, Verhaegen J, Komuta M, Roskams T, Chatterjee S, Annaert P, Vander Elst I, Windmolders P, Trebicka J, Nevens F, Laleman W. The FXR agonist obeticholic acid prevents gut barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation in cholestatic rats. Am J Pathol 2015; 185:409-19. [PMID: 25592258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial translocation (BTL) drives pathogenesis and complications of cirrhosis. Farnesoid X-activated receptor (FXR) is a key transcription regulator in hepatic and intestinal bile metabolism. We studied potential intestinal FXR dysfunction in a rat model of cholestatic liver injury and evaluated effects of obeticholic acid (INT-747), an FXR agonist, on gut permeability, inflammation, and BTL. Rats were gavaged with INT-747 or vehicle during 10 days after bile-duct ligation and then were assessed for changes in gut permeability, BTL, and tight-junction protein expression, immune cell recruitment, and cytokine expression in ileum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. Auxiliary in vitro BTL-mimicking experiments were performed with Transwell supports. Vehicle-treated bile duct-ligated rats exhibited decreased FXR pathway expression in both jejunum and ileum, in association with increased gut permeability through increased claudin-2 expression and related to local and systemic recruitment of natural killer cells resulting in increased interferon-γ expression and BTL. After INT-747 treatment, natural killer cells and interferon-γ expression markedly decreased, in association with normalized permeability selectively in ileum (up-regulated claudin-1 and occludin) and a significant reduction in BTL. In vitro, interferon-γ induced increased Escherichia coli translocation, which remained unaffected by INT-747. In experimental cholestasis, FXR agonism improved ileal barrier function by attenuating intestinal inflammation, leading to reduced BTL and thus demonstrating a crucial protective role for FXR in the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Len Verbeke
- Division of Liver and Biliopancreatic Disorders, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ricard Farre
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Biomedical Research, Network for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bert Verbinnen
- Experimental Laboratory Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Life Sciences, Thomas More Kempen, Geel, Belgium
| | - Kris Covens
- Department of Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Verhaegen
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mina Komuta
- Departments of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Departments of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sagnik Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Vander Elst
- Division of Liver and Biliopancreatic Disorders, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petra Windmolders
- Division of Liver and Biliopancreatic Disorders, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Division of Liver and Biliopancreatic Disorders, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Laleman
- Division of Liver and Biliopancreatic Disorders, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Leavenworth JW, Verbinnen B, Yin J, Huang H, Cantor H. A p85α-osteopontin axis couples the receptor ICOS to sustained Bcl-6 expression by follicular helper and regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol 2014; 16:96-106. [PMID: 25436971 PMCID: PMC4405167 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (TFH cells) and follicular regulatory T cells (TFR cells) regulate the quantity and quality of humoral immunity. Although both cell types express the costimulatory receptor ICOS and require the transcription factor Bcl-6 for their differentiation, the ICOS-dependent pathways that coordinate their responses are not well understood. Here we report that activation of ICOS in CD4(+) T cells promoted interaction of the p85α regulatory subunit of the signaling kinase PI(3)K and intracellular osteopontin (OPN-i), followed by translocation of OPN-i to the nucleus, its interaction with Bcl-6 and protection of Bcl-6 from ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation. Post-translational protection of Bcl-6 by OPN-i was essential for sustained responses of TFH cells and TFR cells and regulation of the germinal center B cell response to antigen. Thus, the p85α-OPN-i axis represents a molecular bridge that couples activation of ICOS to Bcl-6-dependent functional differentiation of TFH cells and TFR cells; this suggests new therapeutic avenues to manipulate the responses of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei W Leavenworth
- 1] Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Microbiology &Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bert Verbinnen
- 1] Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Microbiology &Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- 1] Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huicong Huang
- 1] Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Harvey Cantor
- 1] Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Microbiology &Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Verbinnen B, Covens K, Bossuyt X. Comment on "pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination induces polysaccharide-specific B cells in adult peripheral blood expressing CD19(+)CD20(+)CD3(-)CD70(-)CD27(+)IgM(+)CD43(+)CD5(+/-)". Vaccine 2014; 32:2940-1. [PMID: 24183980 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Verbinnen
- Experimental Laboratory Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 7003, Leuven B-3000, Belgium; PharmAbs, The KULeuven antibody centre, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 824, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Kris Covens
- PharmAbs, The KULeuven antibody centre, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 824, Leuven B-3000, Belgium; Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 911, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Experimental Laboratory Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 7003, Leuven B-3000, Belgium; PharmAbs, The KULeuven antibody centre, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 824, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.
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Vogel I, Verbinnen B, Maes W, Boon L, Van Gool SW, Ceuppens JL. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are activated in spite of B7-CD28 and CD40-CD40L blockade. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1013-23. [PMID: 23348953 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Costimulatory signals are required for priming and activation of naive T cells, while it is less clear how they contribute to induction of regulatory T (Treg)-cell activity. We previously reported that the blockade of the B7-CD28 and CD40L-CD40 interaction efficiently suppresses allogeneic T-cell activation in vivo. This was characterized by an initial rise in Foxp3(+) cells, followed by depletion of host-reactive T cells. To further investigate effects of costimulatory blockade on Treg cells, we used an in vitro model of allogeneic CD4(+) cell activation. When CTLA-4Ig and anti-CD40L mAb (MR1) were added to the cultures, T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production were strongly reduced. However, Foxp3(+) cells proliferated and acquired suppressive activity. They suppressed activation of syngeneic CD4(+) cells much more efficiently than did freshly isolated Treg cells. CD4(+) cells activated by allogeneic cells in the presence of MR1 and CTLA-4Ig were hyporesponsive on restimulation, but their response was restored to that of naive CD4(+) cells when Foxp3(+) Treg cells were removed. We conclude that natural Treg cells are less dependent on B7-CD28 or CD40-CD40L costimulation compared with Foxp3(-) T cells. Reduced costimulation therefore alters the balance between Teff and Treg-cell activation in favor of Treg-cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Vogel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Borgers H, Verbinnen B, Moens L, Meyts I, Bossuyt X. Comment on "phenotypic analysis of pneumococcal polysaccharide-specific B cells". J Immunol 2012; 189:1533. [PMID: 22859822 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1290039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Verbinnen B, Covens K, Moens L, Meyts I, Bossuyt X. Human CD20+CD43+CD27+CD5- B cells generate antibodies to capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:272-5. [PMID: 22664161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, CD/classification
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/classification
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Bacterial Capsules/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/metabolism
- Child, Preschool
- Humans
- Leukosialin/immunology
- Leukosialin/metabolism
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/metabolism
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Lievens P, Verbinnen B, Bollaert P, Alderweireldt N, Mertens G, Elsen J, Vandecasteele C. Study of composition change and agglomeration of flue gas cleaning residue from a fluidized bed waste incinerator. Environ Technol 2011; 32:1637-1647. [PMID: 22329155 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.546813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Blocking of the collection hoppers of the baghouse filters in a fluidized bed incinerator for co-incineration of high calorific industrial solid waste and sludge was observed. The composition of the flue gas cleaning residue (FGCR), both from a blocked hopper and from a normal hopper, was investigated by (differential) thermogravimetric analysis, quantitative X-ray powder diffraction and wet chemical analysis. The lower elemental carbon concentration and the higher calcium carbonate concentration of the agglomerated sample was the result of oxidation of carbon and subsequent reaction of CO2 with CaO. The evolved heat causes a temperature increase, with the decomposition of CaOHCl as a consequence. The formation of calcite and calcium chloride and the evolution of heat caused agglomeration of the FGCR. Activated lignite coke was replaced by another adsorption agent with less carbon, so the auto-ignition temperature increased; since then no further block formation has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lievens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Leuven (K.U. Leuven), de Croylaan 46, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Bossuyt X, Borgers H, Moens L, Verbinnen B, Meyts I. Age- and serotype-dependent antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharides. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1079-80; author reply 1080-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Tolerance induction to alloantigens is a major challenge in transplant immunology. Whereas conventional immunosuppression inhibits the immune system in a nonspecific way, thereby also undermining an appropriate immune response towards potentially harmful infectious organisms, tolerance in a transplantation setting is restricted to alloantigens, while protective immunity is preserved. Moreover, tolerance implies an immunological status that is preserved after withdrawal of the tolerance-inducing therapy. Among the most promising strategies to induce immunological tolerance are costimulation blockade and establishment of mixed chimerism. Despite significant advances, we still know little about the mechanisms responsible for such tolerance. In this article, we discuss tolerance induction to transplantation antigens by costimulation blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Verbinnen
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Sprangers B, Van Wijmeersch B, Luyckx A, Sagaert X, Verbinnen B, Rutgeerts O, Lenaerts C, Tousseyn T, Dubois B, Waer M, Billiau AD. Subclinical GvHD in non-irradiated F1 hybrids: severe lymphoid-tissue GvHD causing prolonged immune dysfunction. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 46:586-96. [PMID: 20603621 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
GvHD is an important complication of allogeneic hematopoietic SCT. Parent-in-F1 models are frequently used to study GvHD immunobiology; the characteristics of parent-in-F1 GvHD vary between strain combinations and induction protocols. Here, we observed that a high-dose challenge of non-irradiated B6DBA2F1 and B6SJLF1 recipients with C57BL/6 splenocytes left the majority of recipients clinically healthy, while inducing progressive high-grade donor T-cell chimerism. We investigated this previously undescribed pattern of parent-in-F1 T-cell alloreactivity and studied the effect of serial parental splenocyte infusions on epithelial and lymphohematopoietic tissues. The majority of recipients of 4 weekly splenocyte infusions showed long-term survival with gradual establishment of high-grade donor chimerism and without any signs of epithelial-tissue GvHD. A minority of recipients showed BM failure type of GvHD and, respectively, graft rejection. Moreover, long-term F1 chimeras showed protracted pancytopenia, and in peripheral lymphoid tissues severe lymphopenia and near-complete eradication of APCs and dysfunction in antigen-presenting capacity in remaining APC. Hematopoiesis and lymphoid tissue composition recovered only after multilineage donor chimerism had established. In conclusion, we report on a novel type of parent-in-F1 hybrid GvHD, where a cumulative high dose of C57BL/6 parental splenocytes in non-irradiated F1 mice induces subclinical but severe hematolymphoid-tissue GvHD, causing prolonged immuno-incompetence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sprangers
- Laboratory of Experimental Transplantation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Hens G, Raap U, Vanoirbeek J, Meyts I, Callebaut I, Verbinnen B, Vanaudenaerde BM, Cadot P, Nemery B, Bullens DMA, Ceuppens JL, Hellings PW. Selective nasal allergen provocation induces substance P-mediated bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 44:517-23. [PMID: 20539012 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0425oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the concept of "global airway allergy" has become widely accepted during recent years, nasobronchial interaction and its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The experimental study of the effect of nasal allergen deposition on lower airway pathology is hampered by the difficulty of avoiding lower airway penetration of the allergens. In ovalbumin-sensitized mice with experimental airway allergy, nasal allergen provocations were performed after complete anatomical separation of upper and lower airways by means of a tracheotomy. A canula was inserted in the trachea, and the trachea was ligated, thus inhibiting any passage of allergens from upper to lower airways. Mice showed bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine as early as 4 hours after nasal allergen provocation in the absence of recruitment of inflammatory cells. An increased substance P (SP) concentration in the bronchial lumen was found, as well as an increased number of SP-positive pulmonary nerves. Treatment with a neurokinin (NK) 1 receptor antagonist abolished the allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Moreover, endobronchial administration of SP caused NK1 receptor-dependent bronchial hyperresponsiveness in mice with airway allergy. Nasal allergen provocation rapidly induces bronchial hyperresponsiveness via pulmonary up-regulation of SP and activation of NK1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greet Hens
- University Hospital Leuven, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Kapucijnevoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Galicia G, Maes W, Verbinnen B, Kasran A, Bullens D, Arredouani M, Ceuppens JL. Haptoglobin deficiency facilitates the development of autoimmune inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2010; 39:3404-12. [PMID: 19795414 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (HP) is an acute phase protein synthesized by liver cells in response to IL-6. HP has been demonstrated to modulate the immune response and to have anti-inflammatory activities. To analyze HP's effect on autoimmune inflammation, we here studied the course of EAE induced by immunization of Hp knockout (Hp(-/-)) and syngeneic WT mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG(35-55)). Hp(-/-)mice suffered from a more severe disease that was associated with increased expression of IL-17A, IL-6, and IFN-gamma mRNA in the CNS and with a denser cellular infiltrate in the spinal cord. During the recovery phase, a significantly higher number of myeloid DC, CD8+ cells, IL-17+ CD4+ and IFN-gamma+ CD4+ cells persisted in the CNS of Hp(-/-) mice. Absence of HP affected the priming and differentiation of T cells after MOG(35-55) immunization, as levels of Th2 cytokines produced in response to MOG stimulation by Hp(-/-) T cells were reduced. These results suggest that HP plays a modulatory and protective role on autoimmune inflammation of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Galicia
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ardon H, Verbinnen B, Maes W, Beez T, Van Gool S, De Vleeschouwer S. Technical advancement in regulatory T cell isolation and characterization using CD127 expression in patients with malignant glioma treated with autologous dendritic cell vaccination. J Immunol Methods 2009; 352:169-73. [PMID: 19874827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have successfully treated over two hundred high-grade glioma (HGG) patients with immunotherapy consisting of vaccination with autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with autologous tumour lysate. It has been documented that regulatory T cells (Treg) can counteract anti-tumour immune responses. Therefore, monitoring of Treg in these patients is essential. Up till now, Treg have been characterized based on the expression of the transcription factor Foxp3. Here, we validated IL-7 receptor alpha subunit (CD127)dim expression as a marker for human Treg within HGG patients, as a less laborious assay for routine use in tumour vaccination trials. We noted a strong positive correlation between Foxp3 expression and CD127dim expression in CD4+CD25+ and CD4+ cells. The suppressive function of CD4+CD127dim cells was assessed in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). We conclude that CD127 staining is a fast, well-suited and reproducible Treg monitoring tool in HGG patients treated with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ardon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Maes W, Rosas GG, Verbinnen B, Boon L, De Vleeschouwer S, Ceuppens JL, Van Gool SW. DC vaccination with anti-CD25 treatment leads to long-term immunity against experimental glioma. Neuro Oncol 2009; 11:529-42. [PMID: 19336528 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2009-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the feasibility, efficacy, and mechanisms of dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy against murine malignant glioma in the experimental GL261 intracranial (IC) tumor model. When administered prophylactically, mature DCs (DCm) ex vivo loaded with GL261 RNA (DCm-GL261-RNA) protected half of the vaccinated mice against IC glioma, whereas treatment with mock-loaded DCm or DCm loaded with irrelevant antigens did not result in tumor protection. In DCm-GL261-RNA-vaccinated mice, a tumor-specific cellular immune response was observed ex vivo in the spleen and tumordraining lymph node cells. Specificity was also shown in vivo on the level of tumor challenge. Depletion of CD8(+) T-cells by anti-CD8 treatment at the time of tumor challenge demonstrated their essential role in vaccine-mediated antitumor immunity. Depletion of CD25(+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs) by anti-CD25 (aCD25) treatment strongly enhanced the efficacy of DC vaccination and was itself also protective, independently of DC vaccination. However, DC vaccination was essential to protect the animals from IC tumor rechallenge. No long-term protection was observed in animals that initially received aCD25 treatment only. In mice that received DC and/or aCD25 treatment, we retrieved tumor-specific brain-infiltrating cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. These data clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of DC vaccination for the induction of long-lasting immunological protection against IC glioma. They also show the beneficial effect of Treg depletion in this kind of glioma immunotherapy, even combined with DC vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Maes
- Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Verbinnen B, Billiau AD, Vermeiren J, Galicia G, Bullens DMA, Boon L, Cadot P, Hens G, Dewolf-Peeters C, Van Gool SW, Ceuppens JL. Contribution of regulatory T cells and effector T cell deletion in tolerance induction by costimulation blockade. J Immunol 2008; 181:1034-42. [PMID: 18606655 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.2.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Blocking of costimulatory signals for T cell activation leads to tolerance in several transplantation models, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We analyzed the involvement of regulatory T cells (Treg) and deletion of alloreactive cells in the induction and maintenance of tolerance after costimulation blockade in a mouse model of graft-vs-host reaction. Injection of splenocytes from the C57BL/6 parent strain into a sublethally irradiated F(1) offspring (C57BL/6 x C3H) induced a GVHR characterized by severe pancytopenia. Treatment with anti-CD40L mAb and CTLA4-Ig every 3 days during 3 wk after splenocyte injection prevented disease development and induced a long-lasting state of stable mixed chimerism (>120 days). In parallel, host-specific tolerance was achieved as demonstrated by lack of host-directed alloreactivity of donor-type T cells in vitro and in vivo. Chimerism and tolerance were also obtained after CD25(+) cell-depleted splenocyte transfer, showing that CD25(+) natural Treg are not essential for tolerance induction. We further show that costimulation blockade results in enhanced Treg cell activity at early time points (days 6-30) after splenocyte transfer. This was demonstrated by the presence of a high percentage of Foxp3(+) cells among donor CD4(+) cells in the spleen of treated animals, and our finding that isolated donor-type T cells at an early time point (day 30) after splenocyte transfer displayed suppressive capacity in vitro. At later time points (>30 days after splenocyte transfer), clonal deletion of host-reactive T cells was found to be a major mechanism responsible for tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Verbinnen
- Division of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Meyts I, Vanoirbeek JA, Hens G, Vanaudenaerde BM, Verbinnen B, Bullens DMA, Overbergh L, Mathieu C, Ceuppens JL, Hellings PW. T-cell mediated late increase in bronchial tone after allergen provocation in a murine asthma model. Clin Immunol 2008; 128:248-58. [PMID: 18502692 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.03.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 03/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Allergen inhalation by sensitized asthmatics induces an IgE and mast cell dependent bronchoconstriction and a Th2-dependent inflammatory airway reaction, mucus hypersecretion and airway hyperreactivity. The link between T cells and bronchoconstriction remains controversial. Here we analyzed allergen-induced changes in airway tone in ovalbumin-sensitized mice with established allergic airway inflammation. Inhalation of nebulized ovalbumin elicited a dose-dependent and allergen-specific increase in airway resistance and bronchial tone with a concomitant increase of lymphocytes and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A Th2 pattern of cytokine expression and increased mRNA expression of MCP-1, RANTES and VCAM-1 were demonstrated. Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody treatment prior to provocation decreased IL-13 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression and abolished the increase in bronchial tone and the inflammatory response. We conclude that allergen inhalation in sensitized mice induces airway narrowing similar to the late asthmatic reactions in humans and that this phenomenon is based on activation of CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Meyts
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Meyts I, Hellings PW, Hens G, Vanaudenaerde BM, Verbinnen B, Heremans H, Matthys P, Bullens DM, Overbergh L, Mathieu C, De Boeck K, Ceuppens JL. IL-12 contributes to allergen-induced airway inflammation in experimental asthma. J Immunol 2006; 177:6460-70. [PMID: 17056578 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.9.6460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lack of sufficient IL-12 production has been suggested to be one of the basic underlying mechanisms in atopy, but a potential role of IL-12 in established allergic airway disease remains unclear. We took advantage of a mouse model of experimental asthma to study the role of IL-12 during the development of bronchial inflammation. Administration of anti-IL-12p35 or anti-IL-12p40 mAb to previously OVA-sensitized BALB/c mice concomitantly with exposure to nebulized OVA, abolished both the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to metacholine as well as the eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood. Anti-IL-12 treatment reduced CD4(+) T cell numbers and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the mRNA expression of IL-10, eotaxin, RANTES, MCP-1, and VCAM-1 in the lung. Anti-IL-12p35 treatment failed to show these effects in IFN-gamma knockout mice pointing to the essential role of IFN-gamma in IL-12-induced effects. Neutralization of IL-12 during the sensitization process aggravated the subsequent development of allergic airway inflammation. These data together with recent information on the role of dendritic cells in both the sensitization and effector phase of allergic respiratory diseases demonstrate a dual role of IL-12. Whereas IL-12 counteracts Th2 sensitization, it contributes to full-blown allergic airway disease upon airway allergen exposure in the postsensitization phase, with enhanced recruitment of CD4(+) T cells and eosinophils and with up-regulation of Th2 cytokines, chemokines, and VCAM-1. IFN-gamma-producing cells or cells dependent on IFN-gamma activity, play a major role in this unexpected proinflammatory effect of IL-12 in allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Meyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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