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Martínez-Rives NL, Martín Chaparro MDP, Dhungel B, Gilmour S, Colman RD, Kotera Y. Suicide Interventions in Spain and Japan: A Comparative Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:792. [PMID: 38610214 PMCID: PMC11011319 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This systematic review presents an overview of psychological interventions in suicide published between 2013 and 2023 in Spain and Japan, sparked by Spain's alarming recent increase in suicide rates and the potential exemplar of Japan's reduction efforts. (2) Methods: Following the PRISMA checklist, the databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycInfo were searched using the terms [("suicide" OR "suicidal behavior" OR "suicidal attempt" OR "suicidal thought" OR "suicidal intention") AND ("prevention" OR "intervention" OR "psychosocial treatment" OR "Dialectical Behavior Therapy" OR "Cognitive Therapy" OR "psychotherap*")] AND [("Spain" OR "Spanish") OR ("Japan" OR "Japanese")]. We included articles published in peer-reviewed academic journals, written in English, Spanish, and Japanese between 2013 and 2023 that presented, designed, implemented, or assessed psychological interventions focused on suicidal behavior. (3) Results: 46 studies were included, concerning prevention, treatment, and training interventions. The risk of bias was low in both Spanish and Japanese studies, despite the lack of randomization of the samples. We identified common characteristics, such as psychoeducation and coping skills. Assertive case management was only highlighted in Japan, making an emphasis on active patient involvement in his/her care plan. (4) Conclusions: The findings will help professionals to incorporate into their interventions broader, more comprehensive approaches to consider more interpersonal components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bibha Dhungel
- School of International Liberal Studies, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan;
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-0074, Japan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Rory D. Colman
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK;
| | - Yasuhiro Kotera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK;
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Dhungel B, Shand F, Nguyen P, Wang Y, Fujita-Imazu S, Khin Maung Soe J, Xie J, Wang X, Li J, Gilmour S. Method-Specific Suicide Mortality in the United States in the 21st Century. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177:110-113. [PMID: 38109737 DOI: 10.7326/m23-2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dhungel
- School of International Liberal Studies, Waseda University, and Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fiona Shand
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, and Division of Surveillance and Policy Evaluation, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yijing Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sayuri Fujita-Imazu
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - July Khin Maung Soe
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jinzhao Xie
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health and Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hori A, Dhungel B, Nagahama S. Trends in Participation in Rubella Antibody Testing among Working-Aged Men during Annual Health Check-Ups from 2019 to 2022 in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2023; 76:372-375. [PMID: 37394462 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, the Japanese government established a scheme for rubella antibody testing of men born between 1962 and 1978 during workplace health check-ups. However, the use of vouchers for rubella antibody testing was limited. Health check-up data analyses are needed to determine the reason why rubella antibody testing is not widely used. In this study, we aimed to describe changes in rubella antibody test-taking behavior during health check-ups during the first 3 years of the rubella catch-up campaign in Japan. In 2019, 2020, and 2021 (2020 in some areas) vouchers were sent to men born during the fiscal years 1972-1978, 1966-1971, and 1962-1965, respectively. We calculated the prevalence in men born between 1962 and 1978 who underwent rubella antibody testing during mandatory health check-ups under the Industrial Health and Safety Act. Rubella antibody testing uptake was relatively high (approximately 15%) in all three age groups soon after the distribution of the vouchers and then declined to below 2% during the second and third years. Further population-based approaches with continuous public engagement are required in workplaces to effectively promote and expand the rubella vaccination program in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Hori
- Department of Global Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Bibha Dhungel
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Japan
| | - Satsue Nagahama
- All Japan Labor Welfare Foundation, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Fujita-Imazu S, Xie J, Dhungel B, Wang X, Wang Y, Nguyen P, Khin Maung Soe J, Li J, Gilmour S. Evolving trends in drug overdose mortality in the USA from 2000 to 2020: an age-period-cohort analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 61:102079. [PMID: 37483548 PMCID: PMC10359729 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug overdose deaths in the USA have increased rapidly in the past 20 years, and understanding patterns and trends in mortality is essential to develop policy responses. This study aimed to determine whether cohort patterns in mortality due to drug overdose have changed in the past two decades and assess these patterns by race and sex. Methods The national records of accidental drug overdose death were extracted from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics Mortality Data for 2000-2020. Age-period-cohort analysis was performed to examine independent effects of age, period and birth cohort on accidental drug overdose mortality. Findings The number of accidental drug overdose deaths increased by 622% between 2000 and 2020, and age-standardized mortality rates increased nearly four-fold in both men and women. Age-period-cohort decomposition found rapid increases in mortality since 2012 in men and women, with higher mortality risk in cohorts born after 1990. The fastest increase occurred in Black Americans since 2012, and Americans of all races born after 1975 had significantly higher mortality risk, with mortality risk increasing rapidly in more recent cohorts. The peak of mortality has shifted from the 40-59 age group to the 30-40 year age group in the past decade. Interpretation The burden of drug overdose mortality has shifted to younger Americans, and a new generation of Americans are at significantly higher and rapidly increasing risk of overdose death. Urgent action is needed to prevent an entire generation of young people being consigned to decades of preventable mortality. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Fujita-Imazu
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jinzhao Xie
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xinran Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Surveillance and Policy Evaluation, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - July Khin Maung Soe
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tsuchiya A, Wada K, Morikane K, Yoshikawa T, Hosomi Y, Dhungel B, Kunishima H. Characteristics of needlestick and sharps injuries of the hands in the operating room among orthopedic surgeons in Japan. Ind Health 2023; 61:151-157. [PMID: 35249893 PMCID: PMC10079498 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2021-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Among the reports on needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs), many are orthopedic-related due to the frequent use of sharp devices such as pins and wires. This study aimed to identify high-risk instruments, the most common injury sites for each instrument, and the circumstances of NSIs of the hand during orthopedic surgeries in Japan. Incidents of exposure to blood or bodily fluids among physicians during orthopedic surgeries reported to the Japan-EPINet between 2000 and 2015 were included in this study. The four most common devices were identified and the associations among years of experience, equipment users, and injured sites were analyzed. We identified 666 cases of NSIs affecting orthopedic surgeons in the operating room. The instrument most frequently responsible for NSIs was suture needles, which were involved in 265 cases (39.7%). The second most common instrument was pins/wires, which was involved in 111 cases (16.6%). NSIs of the hands of orthopedic surgeons were frequently caused by suture needles used in all surgeries, but relatively often caused by orthopedic devices. Orthopedic surgeons must be aware that they are at risk of NSIs and must take appropriate measures and always be cautious when performing surgery, regardless of their years of experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Social Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
- The Research Group of Occupational Infection Control and Prevention in Japan
| | - Koji Wada
- Department of Social Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
- The Research Group of Occupational Infection Control and Prevention in Japan
| | - Keita Morikane
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Infection Control, Yamagata University Hospital, Japan
- The Research Group of Occupational Infection Control and Prevention in Japan
| | - Toru Yoshikawa
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
- The Research Group of Occupational Infection Control and Prevention in Japan
| | - Yumiko Hosomi
- International Safety Center, Inc., USA
- The Research Group of Occupational Infection Control and Prevention in Japan
| | - Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kunishima
- Department of Infectious Diseases. St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
- The Research Group of Occupational Infection Control and Prevention in Japan
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Acharya K, Rahman MS, Islam MR, Gilmour S, Dhungel B, Parajuli RP, Nishimura T, Senju A, Tsuchiya KJ. Socioeconomic and education-based inequality in suspected developmental delays among Nepalese children: a subnational level assessment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4750. [PMID: 36959346 PMCID: PMC10036624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure to meet early childhood developmental milestones leads to difficulty in schooling and social functioning. Evidence on the inequality in the burden of developmental delays across population groups, and identification of potential risk factors for suspected developmental delays (SDD) among younger children, are essential for designing appropriate policies and programs. This study explored the level of socioeconomic and maternal education-based inequality in the prevalence of SDD among Nepalese children at subnational level and identified potential risk factors. Individual-level data from the 2019 Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was used to estimate the prevalence of SDD among children aged 3-4 years. Regression-based slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality were used to measure the magnitude of inequality, in terms of household socioeconomic status (SES) and mother's education, in the prevalence of SDD. In addition, a multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify potential risk factors for SDD. The national prevalence of SDD was found to be 34.8%, with relatively higher prevalence among children from rural areas (40.0%) and those from Karnali Province (45.0%) followed by Madhesh province (44.2%), and Sudhurpashchim Province (40.1%). The prevalence of SDD was 32 percentage points higher (SII: -0.32) among children from the poorest households compared to their rich counterparts at the national level. At the subnational level, such inequality was found to be highest in Lumbini Province (SII = -0.47) followed by Karnali Province (SII = -0.37), and Bagmati Province (SII = -0.37). The prevalence of SDD was 36 percentage points higher (SII: -0.36) among children whose mother had no formal education compared to children of higher educated mothers. The magnitude of education-based absolute inequality in SDD was highest in Lumbini Province (SII = -0.44). Multilevel logistic regression model identified lower levels of mother's education, disadvantaged SES and childhood stunting as significant risk factors for SDD. One in each three children in Nepal may experience SDD, with relatively higher prevalence among children from rural areas. Subnational level variation in prevalence, and socioeconomic and education-based inequality in SDD highlight the urgent need for province-specific tailored interventions to promote early childhood development in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Shafiur Rahman
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Department of Global Health Policy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rajendra P Parajuli
- Central Department of Zoology, Central Campus, Institute of Science and Technology (IOST), Tribhuvan University, Kritipur‑1, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Senju
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
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Kato T, Kachi Y, Ochi M, Nagayoshi M, Dhungel B, Kondo T, Takehara K. The long-term association between paternal involvement in infant care and children's psychological well-being at age 16 years: An analysis of the Japanese Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century 2001 cohort. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:114-120. [PMID: 36566942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies conducted in the United Kingdom have shown long-term associations between paternal involvement in childcare and adolescents' mental health issues. However, findings were inconsistent, and similar epidemiologic studies have not been conducted in other countries in Europe or Asia. Thus, we aimed to examine this association using Japanese population-based cohort study data. METHODS The Japanese Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century commenced in 2001. Data from 18,568 16-year-olds enrolled in the survey were analyzed. Poor psychological well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 Well-being Index. Paternal involvement in childcare-in tasks such as changing diapers-was assessed at the children's 6 months of age. We created four groups from least involvement to most active involvement based on the frequency of fathers' performing the tasks. RESULTS The risk of poor psychological well-being was lower among more active involvement groups compared with the least involvement group, after adjusting for potential confounders (risk ratios = 0.90 [95 % confidence intervals: 0.85, 0.95] for the most active group). LIMITATIONS Due to 16 years of follow-up, loss to follow-up may have caused a selection bias. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first in Asian countries to show that fathers' active involvement in childcare is associated with poor psychological well-being in adolescence. Encouraging fathers' involvement in childcare may ameliorate prevalent issues of school refusals and withdrawals in the long term in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguhiko Kato
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Yuko Kachi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Manami Ochi
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan; Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
| | - Mako Nagayoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan; Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenji Takehara
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
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Dhungel B, Kato T, Gilmour S, Kachi Y, Ochi M, Nagayoshi M, Takehara K. Trajectories of fathers' childcare involvement and child behavioral outcomes. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15682. [PMID: 37946669 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Father's closeness and playful behavior influence a child's emotional and cognitive development. In this study, we aimed to assess the long-term association of paternal involvement in childcare at 1-3 years of life on subsequent behavioral outcomes at 8 years of age. METHODS Data were obtained from the 2010 cohort of the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st century in Japan. We used group-based trajectory modeling to predict the trajectory of total childcare scores in surveys 1, 2 and 3 to determine the overall involvement of fathers in childcare during early childhood. The level of fathers' involvement in childcare was categorized as "low", "medium" and "high". Responses from the eighth survey were used to assess child behavioral outcomes using five indicators when the child was 8 years old. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the odds ratio (OR) separately for each of the behavioral outcomes of the child. RESULTS Among the 17,027 father-child dyads included in this study, two-thirds of the fathers were of the age group 30-39 years. Compared to low involvement, children of fathers with high involvement in childcare during the early childhood years were less likely to not want to go to school even after adjusting for covariates (adjusted OR, 0.46; 95% CI: 0.32-0.66). CONCLUSIONS Children benefit from their fathers' involvement in early childcare activities. To improve a child's well-being, fathers should be encouraged by providing them with a suitable working environment with flexible arrangements and the opportunity to involve in childcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dhungel
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
- School of International Liberal Studies, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuguhiko Kato
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kachi
- Department of Social Medicine, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Ochi
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mako Nagayoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Takehara
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Dhungel B, Kachi Y, Kato T, Ochi M, Nagayoshi M, Gilmour S, Takehara K. Association of paternal factors with mothers' employment postchildbirth. J Occup Health 2023; 65:e12419. [PMID: 37526231 PMCID: PMC10391715 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The demand on Japanese women to fulfill their dual roles as mothers and labor force participants leads to a subsequent reduction of their employment hours, switching of occupations, or quitting the labor force. This study aims to examine paternal factors associated with mothers' employment status 18 months after childbirth. METHODS We used data from the 2010 cohort of the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns conducted in Japan. We restricted our analysis to 10 712 mothers who had full-time employment 1 year before childbirth. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess paternal factors associated with mothers' employment after childbirth. RESULTS One-third of the mothers with full-time employment before childbirth were not working full-time 18 months after delivery. We found that high childcare involvement (score 13-18) of fathers (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.43) and fathers with part-time employment (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.12-2.26) were associated with higher odds of mothers' full-time employment. Fathers' weekly work of ≥60 h (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.71-0.88) and higher annual income decreased the odds ratios by over 20%. CONCLUSIONS Fathers' work arrangements and involvement in childcare play a key role in helping mothers resume employment postchildbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dhungel
- National Centre for Child Health and DevelopmentSetagayaTokyoJapan
- Graduate School of Public HealthSt. Luke's International UniversityChuoTokyoJapan
| | - Yuko Kachi
- Department of Social MedicineNational Centre for Child Health and DevelopmentSetagayaTokyoJapan
| | - Tsuguhiko Kato
- Graduate School of Public HealthSt. Luke's International UniversityChuoTokyoJapan
- Department of Social MedicineNational Centre for Child Health and DevelopmentSetagayaTokyoJapan
| | - Manami Ochi
- National Centre for Child Health and DevelopmentSetagayaTokyoJapan
- Department of Health and Welfare ServicesNational Institute of Public HealthWakoSaitamaJapan
| | - Mako Nagayoshi
- Department of Preventive MedicineNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaAichiJapan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public HealthSt. Luke's International UniversityChuoTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Takehara
- National Centre for Child Health and DevelopmentSetagayaTokyoJapan
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Dhungel B, Wada K, Tanaka H, Gilmour S. Time to update the Japanese standard population for comparing mortality rates. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:153. [PMID: 35668536 PMCID: PMC9169265 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractFor the last three decades, Japan has been using the population of 1985 for age standardisation to compare mortality rates over time. With the population of Japan declining and ageing rapidly every year, there is a need to update the standard population to make the comparison representative of the current scenario. This is particularly relevant owing to declining mortality rates among the super-ageing Japanese elderly population and more data availability for older age groups. The choice of one population as standard over another is arbitrary because it does not make much difference to the trends in rates. The proportion of elderly in Japan is increasing rapidly and is expected to be one-third of the total population by 2030, in contrast to the proportion of 10% in the 1980s. Using a standard population with a lower proportion of elderly may weight the rates disproportionately for this age group. It is typically suitable to change the standard population every 25 to 30 years. It is advisable to choose the population of 2015 as the new standard population as suggested by the working group of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan for revising the standard population. However, it should be noted that the newly calculated age-standardised mortality rates will no longer be comparable to those calculated using the older standard populations. Updating the standard population will produce age-standardised rates for recent years closer to the crude rates and would thus reduce the extent of misinterpreting decreased mortality risks using age-standardised rates that do not closely resemble the crude rates.
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Dhungel B, Murakami T, Gilmour S, Ikeda S, Wada K. Occupation- and industry-specific cancer mortality among Japanese women from 1980 to 2015. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2003. [PMID: 36320013 PMCID: PMC9628126 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of women in Japan who continue working after childbirth is on the rise. Over the past few years, Japan's cancer mortality rate has increased. About 50% of all cancer deaths among Japanese women aged 25-64 are caused by lung, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. This study aims to examine the difference in mortality risk for key cancers among women and explore the effect of the economic crisis in the mid-1990s separately for occupational and industrial categories. METHODS Data from 1980 to 2015 were gathered from the Japanese Population Census and National Vital Statistics conducted in the same year. A Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate mortality risk and mortality trends for lung, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancer among Japanese working women aged 25-64 years. RESULTS Across most industrial and occupational groups, the trends in age-standardised cancer mortality rate for women have declined. Workers in management, security and transportation have a higher cancer mortality risk than sales workers. The risk of death from all four cancers is higher for workers in the mining and electricity industries than for wholesale and retail workers. CONCLUSION To improve the health and well-being of employed Japanese women, it is crucial to monitor cancer mortality trends. Using these population-level quantitative risk estimates, industry- and occupation-specific prevention programmes can be developed to target women at higher cancer risk and enable the early detection and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dhungel
- grid.419588.90000 0001 0318 6320Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tsukiji, Tokyo Japan ,Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoe Murakami
- grid.411731.10000 0004 0531 3030Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-1-26 Akasaka, 107-8402 Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- grid.419588.90000 0001 0318 6320Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tsukiji, Tokyo Japan
| | - Shunya Ikeda
- grid.411731.10000 0004 0531 3030Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-1-26 Akasaka, 107-8402 Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Wada
- grid.411731.10000 0004 0531 3030Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-1-26 Akasaka, 107-8402 Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Dhungel B, Rahman MS, Rahman MM, Bhandari AKC, Le PM, Biva NA, Gilmour S. Reliability of Early Estimates of the Basic Reproduction Number of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11613. [PMID: 36141893 PMCID: PMC9517346 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review estimated the pooled R0 for early COVID-19 outbreaks and identified the impact of study-related factors such as methods, study location and study period on the estimated R0. METHODS We searched electronic databases for human studies published in English between 1 December 2019 and 30 September 2020 with no restriction on country/region. Two investigators independently performed the data extraction of the studies selected for inclusion during full-text screening. The primary outcome, R0, was analysed by random-effects meta-analysis using the restricted maximum likelihood method. RESULTS We identified 26,425 studies through our search and included 151 articles in the systematic review, among which 81 were included in the meta-analysis. The estimates of R0 from studies included in the meta-analysis ranged from 0.4 to 12.58. The pooled R0 for COVID-19 was estimated to be 2.66 (95% CI, 2.41-2.94). The results showed heterogeneity among studies and strong evidence of a small-study effect. CONCLUSIONS The high heterogeneity in studies makes the use of the R0 for basic epidemic planning difficult and presents a huge problem for risk assessment and data synthesis. Consensus on the use of R0 for outbreak assessment is needed, and its use for assessing epidemic risk is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Md. Shafiur Rahman
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | | | - Aliza K. C. Bhandari
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Phuong Mai Le
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Nushrat Alam Biva
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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13
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Dhungel B, Murakami T, Wada K, Ikeda S, Gilmour S. Difference in Mortality Rates by Occupation in Japanese Male Workers Aged 25 to 64 Years from 1980 to 2015. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11328. [PMID: 36141600 PMCID: PMC9517138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the trends in mortality among Japanese working men, across various occupational categories, from 1980 to 2015. A Poisson model of trend, occupational category, and step variable was analysed for eight occupational categories separately, by cause, to explore the trends in mortality. This study found a sharp increase in mortality in the late 1990s, especially among professionals and managers. The overall trends in cancer, ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and suicide mortality decreased across almost all occupational categories from 1980 to 2015, although there was an increasing trend in cancer of 0.5% among managers. Clerical workers had the greatest relative decrease in mortality rates from cancer (-82.9%), IHD (-81.7%), and CVD (-89.1%). Japan continues to make gains in lowering mortality and extending life expectancy, but its workplace culture must improve to ensure that those working at the heart of the Japanese corporate world can also benefit from Japan's progress in health. Mortality rates in working-aged Japanese men have been declining. However, similar declines are not evident among managers, for whom the mortality rate is remaining stable or slightly increasing. There is a need to address the needs of managers and improve workplace environments for these workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tsukiji, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomoe Murakami
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Akasaka, Tokyo 107-8402, Japan
| | - Koji Wada
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Akasaka, Tokyo 107-8402, Japan
| | - Shunya Ikeda
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Akasaka, Tokyo 107-8402, Japan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tsukiji, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan
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14
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Dhungel B, Thapa A, Martínez-Rives NL, Takagi K, Martín P, Wada K, Gilmour S. Method-specific suicide trends from 1979 to 2016 among Japanese adolescents. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:129-134. [PMID: 35537541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2015 the Japanese government set a target of a 30% reduction in the total suicide rate by 2025, but deaths among adolescents have been rising since. In 2018 the overall suicide rate increased by 33% among Japanese students, as a part of a continued trend of rising suicide among adolescents. This study analysed the trends in method-specific suicide among Japanese adolescents from 1979 to 2016. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using data obtained from the vital statistics registration of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Japan. Poisson regression analysis was performed among 10-20-year-olds separately by sex, with year, age category, suicide method and a 1998 step variable as covariates. RESULTS There was a sharp increase in suicide rates among boys (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR), 1.68; 95% CI, 1.58-1.77) and girls (IRR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.56-1.84) aged 10-20 years in 1998 when the overall suicide rate in Japan was at its peak. The commonly used method of suicide, hanging, has increased rapidly among high school and university-level aged adolescents since 1998. LIMITATIONS The computed mortality rates may have been affected by the shift in mortality coding from ICD-9 to ICD-10 in 1995. CONCLUSIONS Suicide among adolescents has been rising since the early 1990s. Several cultural factors such as notoriety of internet suicide and detergent suicide could have influenced the increase in suicide among adolescents. There is an urgent need to address suicide by hanging and gas among high school and university-aged adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-0074, Japan.
| | - Anushka Thapa
- Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu 44604, Nepal
| | | | - Kuniyasu Takagi
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, 107-8402 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Pilar Martín
- Department of Psychiatry and Social Psychology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Koji Wada
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, 107-8402 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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15
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Muramatsu Y, Takagi K, Suzuki T, Dhungel B, Tsuchiya A, Wada K. Does poor spousal health negatively affect own health among elderly retired Japanese couples? A 1-year follow-up study. SSM Popul Health 2021; 16:100970. [PMID: 34841039 PMCID: PMC8606512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to determine whether poor spousal health affected respondents’ own self-rated health after 1 year among older retired Japanese couples. Methods Data were extracted from the nationwide population-based survey, the “Longitudinal Survey of Middle-aged and Elderly Persons”, which has been conducted annually since 2005 by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. We used 2016 survey data as a baseline and 2017 data for 1-year follow-up. Baseline respondents comprised 21,916 individuals; of these, we focused on 4397 respondents who were retired, married, aged 65–70 years, and had good self-rated health. The survey included questions about respondents' own health and lifestyle, and their spouses' health status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between spousal health at baseline and respondents' own self-rated health after 1 year. Results We found that poor spousal health is associated with respondents' own self-rated poor health after 1 year. The odds ratio (OR) for worsening health was 1.67 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–2.52) for men and 1.72 (95% CI: 1.25–2.37) for women when their spouse's health was “somewhat bad”. The OR was 2.25 (95% CI: 1.40–3.62) for women when spousal health was “bad/very bad”, compared with “somewhat good”. Conversely, good spousal health was associated with a low risk of declining health for respondents after 1 year. The association for men was apparent when their spouse's health was “good” [OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.49–0.98], and the association for women was apparent when their spouse's health was “very good” [OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.24–0.90]. Conclusions Poor spousal health is an independent factor that negatively affects own self-rated health after 1 year among retired couples in Japan aged 65–70 years. Of married post-retirees aged 65–70 years with good baseline health, 14% had worsening health 1 year later. Poor spousal health negatively affects own self-rated health after 1 year controlling for lifestyle and social factors. Health worsened more among female respondents whose spouses had poor health at baseline. Health did not worsen for both male and female respondents whose spouses had good health at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Muramatsu
- NLI Research Institute (A Member of the Nippon Life Insurance Company Group), 4-1-7 Kudankita, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0073, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Takagi
- Department of Social Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-1-26 Akasaka, Minato City, Tokyo, 107-8402, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Bibha Dhungel
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, 10-1 Akashicho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-0044, Japan.,Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya City, Tokyo, 157-0074, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Social Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-1-26 Akasaka, Minato City, Tokyo, 107-8402, Japan
| | - Koji Wada
- Department of Social Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-1-26 Akasaka, Minato City, Tokyo, 107-8402, Japan.,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
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16
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Dhungel B, Tsuguhiko K, Ochi M, Gilmour S, Kachi Y, Takehara K. Association of child's disability status with father's health outcomes in Japan. SSM Popul Health 2021; 16:100951. [PMID: 34754897 PMCID: PMC8556528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fathers' involvement in childcare has been increasing in recent years. However, very little is known about the health impact on fathers when they are caring for or living with a disabled child. This study aims to understand the psychological distress and subjective health outcomes among fathers living with a disabled child compared to fathers living without a disabled child. Data for this study were obtained from the Comprehensive Survey of the Living Conditions conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in 2016. Multivariable logistic regression was used among 438 disabled-child and father dyads and 27,682 non-disabled-child and father dyads to analyse the association between a child's disability status with father's health outcomes. Fathers of disabled children had a higher prevalence of psychological distress (17% vs. 12%) and poor subjective health status (13% vs. 8%) than fathers of non-disabled children. A large proportion of disabled children were boys (70%) and had disability level 1 (47%). After adjusting for covariates, the odds ratio (OR) of having psychological distress (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.19–1.97) and poor subjective health status (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.34–2.36) among fathers of disabled children is significantly higher compared to fathers of non-disabled children. Unemployed fathers had a higher odds ratio of psychological distress (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 2.49–3.79) and poor subjective health status (OR, 4.90; 95% CI, 3.95–6.09) compared to regular working fathers. Fathers of children with disabilities need greater physical and mental health and wellbeing support. They should be provided with additional support not just for their mental but also their subjective wellbeing. Fathers of disabled children have higher odds ratio of psychological distress. Fathers of disabled children have higher odds ratio of poor subjective health status. 70% of disabled children were boys and 47% had mildest severity of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dhungel
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157- 8535, Japan.,Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kato Tsuguhiko
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Social Medicine, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Manami Ochi
- Department of Social Medicine, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuko Kachi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.,School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kenji Takehara
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157- 8535, Japan
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17
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Dhungel B, Tsuguhiko K, Kachi Y, Ochi M, Gilmour S, Takehara K. Prevalence of and associated factors for psychological distress among single fathers in Japan. J Epidemiol 2021. [PMID: 34690244 PMCID: PMC10165216 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, ten percent of single-parent households are led by fathers. Taking care of children as a single father is very stressful and could put a strain on their health. It is very important to prevent and identify psychological distress among fathers for both their own health and to avoid negative impacts on children. This study aims to determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with psychological distress among single fathers and understand how it is different from partnered fathers. METHODS We used data from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2016. Psychological distress, assessed using the K6 scale, was analysed among 868 single and 43,880 partnered fathers. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factors for psychological distress such as employment type, sleep hours, smoking and drinking habits. RESULTS Single fathers had a higher proportion (8.5%) of psychological distress compared to partnered fathers (5.0%). A large percentage of single fathers had a lower educational level and were non-regular workers, self-employed or unemployed, compared to partnered fathers. Among single fathers, the crude and adjusted odds ratio for employment type and sleep hours were significantly associated with psychological distress. CONCLUSION As single parents who are self-employed or directors are likely to have significantly reduced psychological distress than those with regular jobs, measures are needed to improve the work-family balance for non-self-employed fathers. There is a need to provide assistance to improve the quality and amount of sleep of single fathers to ensure their and their children's good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dhungel
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development.,Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University
| | - Kato Tsuguhiko
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University.,Department of Social Medicine, National Centre for Child Health and Development
| | - Yuko Kachi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine.,School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Manami Ochi
- Department of Social Medicine, National Centre for Child Health and Development.,Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University
| | - Kenji Takehara
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development
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18
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Dhungel B, Thapa A, Martinez-rives NL, Martin P, Wada K, Gilmour S. 489Trends in method-specific suicide among Japanese adolescents in the past four decades. Int J Epidemiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab168.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In 2018 the overall suicide rate increased by 33% among students, as a part of a continued trend of rising suicide among adolescents. In 2015, the government of Japan aimed to reduce the overall suicide rate to 13 per 100,000 or less by 2025, but deaths among adolescents have been rising. This study analysed the trends in method-specific suicide among Japanese adolescents from 1979 to 2016 and compared suicide mortality rate in Japan with other OECD countries.
Methods
We obtained vital statistics data from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare as well as the global health observatory of the WHO. Poisson regression analysis was performed separately by sex with year, age category, suicide method and a 1998 step variable as covariates.
Results
We found that hanging suicide rates among high school level boys are 12.15 times and girls are 6.17 times the rate of elementary school-aged children. The year 1998 saw a peak in suicide rates by hanging, which increased by more than 60% among both boys and girls. Japan is near the median of OECD suicide rates, with crude suicide mortality rates of 7.8 per 100,000 among 15–19-year-olds in 2016.
Conclusions
Suicide among adolescents has been rising during the last decades. Several factors related to the school and family environment, and mental health problems may have affected the adolescent suicide rate in Japan
Key messages
An urgent need is evident to address suicide among high school and university-aged adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anushka Thapa
- Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Sinamangal, Nepal
| | | | - Pilar Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Social Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Koji Wada
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Japan
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19
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Dhungel B, Murakami T, Wada K, Gilmour S. Mortality risks among blue- and white-collar workers: A time series study among Japanese men aged 25-64 years from 1980 to 2015. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12215. [PMID: 33837627 PMCID: PMC8035635 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyse age-standardised mortality trends in Japan among blue- and white-collar male workers aged 25-64 years, by major causes of mortality from 1980 to 2015. METHODS Five-yearly mortality data were extracted from occupation-specific vital statistics maintained by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. A time series study was conducted among employed men aged 25-64 years. Age-standardised mortality trends by occupational category were calculated separately for all cancers, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and suicide. Poisson regression analysis was performed to analyse mortality trends by occupational category for each cause. RESULTS Mortality rates for all cancers and ischaemic heart disease were higher among white-collar workers than blue-collar workers throughout the 35-year study period. The gap in the mortality rates for all four causes of death among blue- and white-collar workers widened in 2000 after Japan's economic bubble burst in the late 1990s. Simultaneously, suicide mortality rates among white-collar workers increased sharply and have remained higher than among blue-collar workers. CONCLUSIONS White-collar male workers in Japan have a higher risk of mortality than male blue-collar workers. However, despite substantial differences, significant progress has been made in recent years in reducing mortality across all occupations in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public HealthSt. Luke's International UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Health PolicyNational Centre for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoe Murakami
- Graduate School of Public HealthInternational University of Health and WelfareTokyoJapan
| | - Koji Wada
- Graduate School of Public HealthInternational University of Health and WelfareTokyoJapan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public HealthSt. Luke's International UniversityTokyoJapan
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cesarean section (CS) is a major component of emergency obstetric care. There has been a substantial rise in the rate of CS in private institutions in Nepal which might reflect the successful implementation of delivery schemes introduced by the government extended to the private organizations alternatively, it may also reflect the need for more public health care facilities to provide maternal and child health care services. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine the trends in institutional-based CS rates in Nepal along with its correlates over time. METHODS We used the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data collected every 5 years, from 1996 to 2016. The trend in CS rates based on five waves of NDHS data along with its correlates were examined using multivariable logistic regression models after adjusting for socio-demographics and pregnancy-related variables. RESULTS We included 20,824 reproductive-aged women who had a history of delivery within the past 5 years. The population-based CS rate increased from 0.9% in 1996 [95% CI: (0.6-1.2) %] to 10.2% in 2016 [95% CI: (8.9-11.6) %, p < 0.01] whereas the institutional-based CS rate increased from 10.4% in 1996 [95% CI: (8.3-12.9) %] to 16.4% in 2016 [95% CI: (14.5-18.5) %, p < 0.01]. Private institutions had a nearly 3-fold increase in CS rate (8.9% in 1996 [95% CI: (4.8-16.0) %] vs. 26.3% in 2016[95% CI: (21.9-31.3) %]. This was also evident in the trend analysis where the odds of having CS was 3.58 times higher [95% CI: (1.83-7.00), p < 0.01] in 2016 than in 1996 in the private sectors, while there was no evidence of an increase in public hospitals (10.9% in 1996 to 12.9% in 2016; p for trend > 0.05). Education of women, residence, wealth index, parity and place of delivery were significantly associated with the CS rate. CONCLUSION Nepal has observed a substantial increase in cesarean delivery over the 20 years, which might indicate a successful implementation of the safe motherhood program in addressing the Millennium Development Goals and Universal Health Care agenda on maternal and child health. However, the Nepal government should examine existing disparities in accessibility of emergency obstetric care services, such as differences in CS between public and private sectors, and promote equity in maternal and child health care services accessibility and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K. C. Bhandari
- St. Luke’s International University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bibha Dhungel
- St. Luke’s International University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- St. Luke’s International University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Gilmour S, Mai PL, Nguyen P, Dhungel B, Tomizawa M, Nguyen H. Progress towards Health for All: Time to End Discrimination and Marginalization. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17051696. [PMID: 32150920 PMCID: PMC7084917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s Center for Clinical Academia, Susumu & Mieko Memorial, St. Luke’s International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (P.L.M.); (P.N.); (B.D.); (M.T.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Phuong Le Mai
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s Center for Clinical Academia, Susumu & Mieko Memorial, St. Luke’s International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (P.L.M.); (P.N.); (B.D.); (M.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s Center for Clinical Academia, Susumu & Mieko Memorial, St. Luke’s International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (P.L.M.); (P.N.); (B.D.); (M.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s Center for Clinical Academia, Susumu & Mieko Memorial, St. Luke’s International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (P.L.M.); (P.N.); (B.D.); (M.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Maki Tomizawa
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s Center for Clinical Academia, Susumu & Mieko Memorial, St. Luke’s International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (P.L.M.); (P.N.); (B.D.); (M.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s Center for Clinical Academia, Susumu & Mieko Memorial, St. Luke’s International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (P.L.M.); (P.N.); (B.D.); (M.T.); (H.N.)
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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22
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Gilmour S, Hoshino H, Dhungel B. Suicide Mortality in Foreign Residents of Japan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16173013. [PMID: 31438491 PMCID: PMC6747213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health issue in Japan, with very high rates of death compared to other countries in the Asia Pacific. Foreigners living in Japan may be at increased risk of suicide, but little is known about how their risk of suicide differs from that of their country of origin or Japanese nationals. We used data on suicide mortality from the Japan Vital Registration System for the period 2012–2016 to analyze risk of suicide mortality in Japan for Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and other nationalities living in Japan, adjusting for age and separately by sex. We estimated standardized mortality rates using both the Japanese population as a reference, and also the population of the home nation of the foreign residents. We found that Korean nationals living in Japan have significantly higher mortality rates than Japanese nationals, and that the suicide mortality rate of Korean nationals living in Japan is higher than in their home country, but that this is not the case for Chinese or other nationals resident in Japan. Koreans living in Japan have a very high risk of mortality due to suicide which may reflect the special social, economic, and cultural pressures they face as a marginalized population in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's Center for Clinical Academia, Susumu & Mieko Memorial, St. Luke's International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Haruko Hoshino
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's Center for Clinical Academia, Susumu & Mieko Memorial, St. Luke's International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's Center for Clinical Academia, Susumu & Mieko Memorial, St. Luke's International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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23
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Dhungel B, Sugai MK, Gilmour S. Trends in Suicide Mortality by Method from 1979 to 2016 in Japan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16101794. [PMID: 31117173 PMCID: PMC6571574 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health concern in Japan. This study aimed to characterize the trends in suicide mortality in Japan by method since 1979. Using data from the Japan vital registration system, we calculated age-standardized rates of suicide mortality separately by sex and method. We conducted a log-linear regression of suicide mortality rates separately by sex, and linear regression analysis of the proportion of deaths due to hanging, including a test for change in level and trend in 1998. While crude suicide rates were static over the time period, age-adjusted rates declined. The significant increase in suicide mortality in 1998 was primarily driven by large changes in the rate of hanging, with suicide deaths after 1998 having 36.7% higher odds of being due to hanging for men (95% CI: 16.3–60.8%), and 21.9% higher odds of being due to hanging for women (95% CI: 9.2–35.9%). Hanging has become an increasingly important method for committing suicide over the past 40 years, and although suicide rates have been declining continuously over this time, more effort is needed to prevent hanging and address the potential cultural drivers of suicide if the rate is to continue to decline in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Maaya Kita Sugai
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Institute of Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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24
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Dhungel B, Basnet K. Prevalence of Smoking and Impact of Pictorial Health Warning on Quit Attempts Among Youths in Bhaktapur, Nepal. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.33400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nepal for the first time implemented laws regarding the pictorial health warnings in April 2014 regardless of an unsuccessful challenge that was set up by the tobacco industry in 2011. Results from several studies have shown that health warnings on cigarette packages have been helpful in warning smokers as well as nonsmokers regarding the harms of cigarette smoking, encouraging smokers to quit and also preventing nonsmokers from starting to smoke. Aim: The objective of this study was to find the impact of pictorial health warning on quit attempts. Methods: An explanatory cross-sectional study was conducted among youths aged 15-24 years in Suryabinayak-5, Bhaktapur with probability systematic random sampling technique using self-administered questionnaire. Results: Half (50%) of the respondents first tried smoking at the age of 16 or older. Seventeen percent of the respondents smoked cigarettes either occasionally or regularly during the past 30 days. Most of the respondents (91%) have not tried smokeless tobacco products ever in their life. Sixty-seven percent of the respondents had noticed PHW on cigarette packages during the past 30 days. One fourth (21.8%) respondents made an quit attempt due to PHW during the past 12 months and their maximum duration of abstinence during the last quit attempt was more than a week but less than a month. From the study it is found that there is statistically significant association between noticing pictorial health warning and thought about quitting smoking or intention about not starting smoking. Conclusion: Pictorial warnings effectively increased peoples quitting intentions, attempts as well as relinquishing cigarettes. Our findings suggest that implementing 90% pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs in Nepal would discourage smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Dhungel
- Tribhuwan University/Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Home Science, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Nepal Cancer Relief Society, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - K. Basnet
- Tribhuwan University/Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Home Science, Kathmandu, Nepal
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25
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Murali A, Ramlogan-Steel C, Andrzejewski S, Dhungel B, Steel J, Layton C. The 8-fold quadrant dissection method for ex vivo human interventional retinal experimentation. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Murali
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Ophthalmology Research Unit; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; Greenslopes Australia
| | - C. Ramlogan-Steel
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Ophthalmology Research Unit; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; Greenslopes Australia
| | - S. Andrzejewski
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Ophthalmology Research Unit; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; Greenslopes Australia
| | - B. Dhungel
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Liver Cancer Research Unit; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; Greenslopes Australia
| | - J. Steel
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Liver Cancer Research Unit; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; Greenslopes Australia
| | - C. Layton
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Ophthalmology Research Unit; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; Greenslopes Australia
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26
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Layton C, Dhungel B, Andrzejewski S, Jayachandran A, Murali A, Ramlogan-Steel C, Steel J. Gene therapy targeting of choroidal disease and AAV transcytosis through the outer blood retina barrier epithelium. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Layton
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
| | - B. Dhungel
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
| | - S. Andrzejewski
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
| | - A. Jayachandran
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
| | - A. Murali
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
| | - C. Ramlogan-Steel
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
| | - J. Steel
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
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