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Mohammadzadeh N, Lunde IG, Andenæs K, Strand ME, Aronsen JM, Skrbic B, Marstein HS, Bandlien C, Nygård S, Gorham J, Sjaastad I, Chakravarti S, Christensen G, Engebretsen KVT, Tønnessen T. The extracellular matrix proteoglycan lumican improves survival and counteracts cardiac dilatation and failure in mice subjected to pressure overload. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9206. [PMID: 31235849 PMCID: PMC6591256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) dilatation is a key step in transition to heart failure (HF) in response to pressure overload. Cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) contains fibrillar collagens and proteoglycans, important for maintaining tissue integrity. Alterations in collagen production and cross-linking are associated with cardiac LV dilatation and HF. Lumican (LUM) is a collagen binding proteoglycan with increased expression in hearts of patients and mice with HF, however, its role in cardiac function remains poorly understood. To examine the role of LUM in pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling, we subjected LUM knock-out (LUMKO) mice to aortic banding (AB) and treated cultured cardiac fibroblasts (CFB) with LUM. LUMKO mice exhibited increased mortality 1-14 days post-AB. Echocardiography revealed increased LV dilatation, altered hypertrophic remodeling and exacerbated contractile dysfunction in surviving LUMKO 1-10w post-AB. LUMKO hearts showed reduced collagen expression and cross-linking post-AB. Transcriptional profiling of LUMKO hearts by RNA sequencing revealed 714 differentially expressed transcripts, with enrichment of cardiotoxicity, ECM and inflammatory pathways. CFB treated with LUM showed increased mRNAs for markers of myofibroblast differentiation, proliferation and expression of ECM molecules important for fibrosis, including collagens and collagen cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase. In conclusion, we report the novel finding that lack of LUM attenuates collagen cross-linking in the pressure-overloaded heart, leading to increased mortality, dilatation and contractile dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyereh Mohammadzadeh
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kine Andenæs
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari E Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette S Marstein
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Bandlien
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, PhD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, NYU Langone Health, Alexandria Life Sciences Center, West Tower, New York, NY, NY10011, USA
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin V T Engebretsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Vestre Viken Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Mohammadzadeh N, Lunde I, Andenas K, Strand M, Aronsen J, Skrbic B, Marstein H, Bandlien C, Nygard S, Sjaastad I, Chakravarti S, Christensen G, Engebretsen K, Tonnessen T. 5924Lack of the extracellular matrix proteoglycan lumican in mice exacerbates left ventricular dilatation and contractile dysfunction upon pressure overload. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.5924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Melleby AO, Strand ME, Romaine A, Herum KM, Skrbic B, Dahl CP, Sjaastad I, Fiane AE, Filmus J, Christensen G, Lunde IG. The Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Glypican-6 Is Upregulated in the Failing Heart, and Regulates Cardiomyocyte Growth through ERK1/2 Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165079. [PMID: 27768722 PMCID: PMC5074531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload is a frequent cause of heart failure. Heart failure affects millions of patients worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Cell surface proteoglycans are emerging as molecular players in cardiac remodeling, and increased knowledge about their regulation and function is needed for improved understanding of cardiac pathogenesis. Here we investigated glypicans (GPC1-6), a family of evolutionary conserved heparan sulfate proteoglycans anchored to the extracellular leaflet of the cell membrane, in experimental and clinical heart failure, and explored the function of glypican-6 in cardiac cells in vitro. In mice subjected to pressure overload by aortic banding (AB), we observed elevated glypican-6 levels during hypertrophic remodeling and dilated, end-stage heart failure. Consistently, glypican-6 mRNA was elevated in left ventricular myocardium from explanted hearts of patients with end-stage, dilated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Glypican-6 levels correlated negatively with left ventricular ejection fraction in patients, and positively with lung weight after AB in mice. Glypican-6 mRNA was expressed in both cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, and the corresponding protein displayed different sizes in the two cell types due to tissue-specific glycanation. Importantly, adenoviral overexpression of glypican-6 in cultured cardiomyocytes increased protein synthesis and induced mRNA levels of the pro-hypertrophic signature gene ACTA1 and the hypertrophy and heart failure signature genes encoding natriuretic peptides, NPPA and NPPB. Overexpression of GPC6 induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and co-treatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated the GPC6-induced increase in NPPA, NPPB and protein synthesis. In conclusion, our data suggests that glypican-6 plays a role in clinical and experimental heart failure progression by regulating cardiomyocyte growth through ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne O. Melleby
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Mari E. Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Romaine
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kate M. Herum
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P. Dahl
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arnt E. Fiane
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorge Filmus
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G. Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Skrbic B, Engebretsen KVT, Strand ME, Lunde IG, Herum KM, Marstein HS, Sjaastad I, Lunde PK, Carlson CR, Christensen G, Bjørnstad JL, Tønnessen T. Lack of collagen VIII reduces fibrosis and promotes early mortality and cardiac dilatation in pressure overload in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:32-42. [PMID: 25694587 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In pressure overload, left ventricular (LV) dilatation is a key step in transition to heart failure (HF). We recently found that collagen VIII (colVIII), a non-fibrillar collagen and extracellular matrix constituent, was reduced in hearts of mice with HF and correlated to degree of dilatation. A reduction in colVIII might be involved in LV dilatation, and we here examined the role of reduced colVIII in pressure overload-induced remodelling using colVIII knock-out (col8KO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Col8KO mice exhibited increased mortality 3-9 days after aortic banding (AB) and increased LV dilatation from day one after AB, compared with wild type (WT). LV dilatation remained increased over 56 days. Forty-eight hours after AB, LV expression of main structural collagens (I and III) was three-fold increased in WT mice, but these collagens were unaltered in the LV of col8KO mice together with reduced expression of the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-β, SMAD2 signalling, and the myofibroblast markers Pxn, α-SMA, and SM22. Six weeks after AB, LV collagen mRNA expression and protein were increased in col8KO mice, although less pronounced than in WT. In vitro, neonatal cardiac fibroblasts from col8KO mice showed lower expression of TGF-β, Pxn, α-SMA, and SM22 and reduced migratory ability possibly due to increased RhoA activity and reduced MMP2 expression. Stimulation with recombinant colVIIIα1 increased TGF-β expression and fibroblast migration. CONCLUSION Lack of colVIII reduces myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis and promotes early mortality and LV dilatation in response to pressure overload in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Skrbic
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo 0407, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin V T Engebretsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo 0407, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari E Strand
- KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Genetics, Harvard` Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate M Herum
- KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette S Marstein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo 0407, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per K Lunde
- KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine R Carlson
- KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes L Bjørnstad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo 0407, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo 0407, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Herum KM, Lunde IG, Skrbic B, Louch WE, Hasic A, Boye S, Unger A, Brorson SH, Sjaastad I, Tønnessen T, Linke WA, Gomez MF, Christensen G. Syndecan-4 is a key determinant of collagen cross-linking and passive myocardial stiffness in the pressure-overloaded heart. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:217-26. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Engebretsen KVT, Skårdal K, Bjørnstad S, Marstein HS, Skrbic B, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Bjørnstad JL, Tønnessen T. Attenuated development of cardiac fibrosis in left ventricular pressure overload by SM16, an orally active inhibitor of ALK5. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:148-57. [PMID: 25169971 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pressure overload-induced TGF-β signaling activates cardiac fibroblasts (CFB) and leads to increased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis including fibrosis. Excessive ECM accumulation may in turn affect cardiac function contributing to development of heart failure. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of SM16, an orally active small molecular inhibitor of ALK5, on pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis. One week after aortic banding (AB), C57Bl/6J mice were randomized to standard chow or chow with SM16. Sham operated animals served as controls. Following 4 weeks AB, mice were characterized by echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance before sacrifice. SM16 abolished phosphorylation of SMAD2 induced by AB in vivo and by TGF-β in CFB in vitro. Interestingly, Masson Trichrome and Picrosirius Red stained myocardial left ventricular tissue revealed reduced development of fibrosis and collagen cross-linking following AB in the SM16 treated group, which was confirmed by reduced hydroxyproline incorporation. Furthermore, treatment with SM16 attenuated mRNA expression following induction of AB in vivo and stimulation with TGF-β in CFB in vitro of Col1a2, the cross-linking enzyme LOX, and the pro-fibrotic glycoproteins SPARC and osteopontin. Reduced ECM synthesis by CFB and a reduction in myocardial stiffness due to attenuated development of fibrosis and collagen cross-linking might have contributed to the improved diastolic function and cardiac output seen in vivo, in combination with reduced lung weight and ANP expression by treatment with SM16. Despite these beneficial effects on cardiac function and development of heart failure, mice treated with SM16 exhibited increased mortality, increased LV dilatation and inflammatory heart valve lesions that may limit the use of SM16 and possibly also other small molecular inhibitors of ALK5, as future therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin V T Engebretsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Skårdal
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid Bjørnstad
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette S Marstein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes L Bjørnstad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Nygård S, Reitan T, Clancy T, Nygaard V, Bjørnstad J, Skrbic B, Tønnessen T, Christensen G, Hovig E. Identifying pathogenic processes by integrating microarray data with prior knowledge. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15:115. [PMID: 24758699 PMCID: PMC4006456 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is of great importance to identify molecular processes and pathways that are involved in disease etiology. Although there has been an extensive use of various high-throughput methods for this task, pathogenic pathways are still not completely understood. Often the set of genes or proteins identified as altered in genome-wide screens show a poor overlap with canonical disease pathways. These findings are difficult to interpret, yet crucial in order to improve the understanding of the molecular processes underlying the disease progression. We present a novel method for identifying groups of connected molecules from a set of differentially expressed genes. These groups represent functional modules sharing common cellular function and involve signaling and regulatory events. Specifically, our method makes use of Bayesian statistics to identify groups of co-regulated genes based on the microarray data, where external information about molecular interactions and connections are used as priors in the group assignments. Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is used to search for the most reliable grouping. RESULTS Simulation results showed that the method improved the ability of identifying correct groups compared to traditional clustering, especially for small sample sizes. Applied to a microarray heart failure dataset the method found one large cluster with several genes important for the structure of the extracellular matrix and a smaller group with many genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. The method was also applied to a microarray dataset on melanoma cancer patients with or without metastasis, where the main cluster was dominated by genes related to keratinocyte differentiation. CONCLUSION Our method found clusters overlapping with known pathogenic processes, but also pointed to new connections extending beyond the classical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ståle Nygård
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institute for Medical Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Reitan
- Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trevor Clancy
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vegard Nygaard
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes Bjørnstad
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Herum K, Lunde I, Skrbic B, Tønnessen T, Louch W, Hasic A, Sjaastad I, Linke W, Gomez M, Christensen G. Syndecan‐4 promotes myocardial stiffness by regulating collagen expression and cross‐linking in response to pressure overload (1152.2). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1152.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Herum
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure ResearchUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ida Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure ResearchUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryOslo University Hospital UllevålOsloNorway
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure ResearchUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryOslo University Hospital UllevålOsloNorway
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure ResearchUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - William Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure ResearchUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Almira Hasic
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure ResearchUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure ResearchUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Wolfgang Linke
- Department of Cardiovascular PhysiologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Maria Gomez
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University MalmöSweden
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure ResearchUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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Engebretsen KVT, Waehre A, Bjørnstad JL, Skrbic B, Sjaastad I, Behmen D, Marstein HS, Yndestad A, Aukrust P, Christensen G, Tønnessen T. Decorin, lumican, and their GAG chain-synthesizing enzymes are regulated in myocardial remodeling and reverse remodeling in the mouse. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 114:988-97. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00793.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of the role of small, leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) in fibrogenesis and inflammation, we hypothesized that they could be involved in cardiac remodeling and reverse remodeling as occurs during aortic stenosis and after aortic valve replacement. Thus, in a well-characterized aortic banding-debanding mouse model, we examined the SLRPs decorin and lumican and enzymes responsible for synthesis of their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. Four weeks after banding of the ascending aorta, mice were subjected to a debanding operation (DB) and were subsequently followed for 3 or 14 days. Sham-operated mice served as controls. Western blotting revealed a 2.5-fold increase in the protein levels of glycosylated decorin in mice with left ventricular pressure overload after aortic banding (AB) with a gradual decrease after DB. Interestingly, protein levels of three key enzymes responsible for decorin GAG chain synthesis were also increased after AB, two of them gradually declining after DB. The inflammatory chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) was increased after AB but was not significantly altered following DB. In cardiac fibroblasts CXCL16 increased the expression of the GAG-synthesizing enzyme chondroitin polymerizing factor (CHPF). The protein levels of lumican core protein with N-linked oligosaccharides increased by sevenfold after AB and decreased again 14 days after DB. Lumican with keratan sulfate chains was not regulated. In conclusion, this study shows alterations in glycosylated decorin and lumican core protein that might be implicated in myocardial remodeling and reverse remodeling, with a potential important role for CS/DS GAG chain-synthesizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin V. T. Engebretsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Anne Waehre
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Johannes L. Bjørnstad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Dina Behmen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Henriette S. Marstein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Arne Yndestad
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo; and
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo; and
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
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10
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Engebretsen KVT, Lunde IG, Strand ME, Waehre A, Sjaastad I, Marstein HS, Skrbic B, Dahl CP, Askevold ET, Christensen G, Bjørnstad JL, Tønnessen T. Lumican is increased in experimental and clinical heart failure, and its production by cardiac fibroblasts is induced by mechanical and proinflammatory stimuli. FEBS J 2013; 280:2382-98. [PMID: 23480731 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During progression to heart failure (HF), myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations and tissue inflammation are central. Lumican is an ECM-localized proteoglycan associated with inflammatory conditions and known to bind collagens. We hypothesized that lumican plays a role in the dynamic alterations in cardiac ECM during development of HF. Thus, we examined left ventricular cardiac lumican in a mouse model of pressure overload and in HF patients, and investigated expression, regulation and effects of increased lumican in cardiac fibroblasts. After 4 weeks of aortic banding, mice were divided into groups of hypertrophy (AB) and HF (ABHF) based on lung weight and left atrial diameter. Sham-operated mice were used as controls. Accordingly, cardiac lumican mRNA and protein levels were increased in mice with ABHF. Similarly, cardiac biopsies from patients with end-stage HF revealed increased lumican mRNA and protein levels compared with control hearts. In vitro, mechanical stretch and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β increased lumican mRNA as well as secreted lumican protein from cardiac fibroblasts. Stimulation with recombinant glycosylated lumican increased collagen type I alpha 2, lysyl oxidase and transforming growth factor-β1 mRNA, which was attenuated by costimulation with an inhibitor of the proinflammatory transcription factor NFκB. Furthermore, lumican increased the levels of the dimeric form of collagen type I, decreased the activity of the collagen-degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 and increased the phosphorylation of fibrosis-inducing SMAD3. In conclusion, cardiac lumican is increased in experimental and clinical HF. Inflammation and mechanical stimuli induce lumican production by cardiac fibroblasts and increased lumican altered molecules important for cardiac remodeling and fibrosis in cardiac fibroblasts, indicating a role in HF development.
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Skrbic B, Bjørnstad JL, Marstein HS, Carlson CR, Sjaastad I, Nygård S, Bjørnstad S, Christensen G, Tønnessen T. Differential regulation of extracellular matrix constituents in myocardial remodeling with and without heart failure following pressure overload. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:133-42. [PMID: 23220517 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Strand ME, Herum KM, Rana ZA, Skrbic B, Askevold ET, Dahl CP, Vistnes M, Hasic A, Kvaløy H, Sjaastad I, Carlson CR, Tønnessen T, Gullestad L, Christensen G, Lunde IG. Innate immune signaling induces expression and shedding of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4 in cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes, affecting inflammation in the pressure-overloaded heart. FEBS J 2013; 280:2228-47. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Frisk M, Jølle GF, Lunde IG, Skrbic B, Sejersted OM, Tønnessen T, Sjaastad I, Louch WE. Aortic Stenosis Triggers T-Tubule Growth in Human and Murine Cardiomyocytes. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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14
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Rutkovskiy A, Stensløkken KO, Mariero LH, Skrbic B, Amiry-Moghaddam M, Hillestad V, Valen G, Perreault MC, Ottersen OP, Gullestad L, Dahl CP, Vaage J. Aquaporin-4 in the heart: expression, regulation and functional role in ischemia. Basic Res Cardiol 2012; 107:280. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-012-0280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Bjørnstad JL, Skrbic B, Sjaastad I, Bjørnstad S, Christensen G, Tønnessen T. A mouse model of reverse cardiac remodelling following banding-debanding of the ascending aorta. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:92-102. [PMID: 21974781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM Myocardial remodelling during pressure overload might contribute to development of heart failure. Reverse remodelling normally occurs following aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis; however, the details and regulatory mechanisms of reverse remodelling remain unknown. Thus, an experimental model of reverse remodelling would allow for studies of this process. Although models of aortic banding are widely used, only few reports of debanding models exist. The aim of this study was to establish a banding-debanding model in the mouse with repetitive careful haemodynamic evaluation by high-resolution echocardiography. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to ascending aortic banding and subsequent debanding. Cardiac geometry and function were evaluated by echocardiography, and left ventricular myocardium was analysed by histology and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The degree of aortic banding was controlled by non-invasive estimation of the gradient, and we found a close correlation between left ventricular mass estimated by echocardiography and weight at the time of killing. Aortic banding led to left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and expression of foetal genes, indicating myocardial remodelling. Echocardiography revealed concentric left ventricular remodelling and myocardial dysfunction. Following debanding, performed via a different incision, there was rapid regression of left ventricular weight and normalization of both cardiac geometry and function by 14 days. CONCLUSIONS We have established a reproducible and carefully characterized mouse model of reverse remodelling by banding and debanding of the ascending aorta. Such a model might contribute to increased understanding of the reversibility of cardiac pathology, which in turn might give rise to new strategies in heart failure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Bjørnstad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway.
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16
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Leone A, Aquila I, Vicinanza C, Iaconetti C, Bochicchio A, Ottolenghi S, Indolfi C, Nadal-Ginard B, Ellison GM, Torella D, Mias C, Genet G, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Pathak A, Senard JM, Gales C, Egorova AD, Khedoe PSJ, Goumans MTH, Nauli SM, Ten Dijke P, Poelmann RE, Hierck BP, Miragoli M, Lab MJ, Singh A, Sikkel M, Lyon A, Gorelik J, Cheung C, Bernardo AS, Trotter MW, Pedersen RA, Sinha S, Mioulane M, Foldes G, Harding SE, Reglin B, Secomb TW, Pries AR, Buckingham M, Lescroart F, Meilhac S, Le Garrec JF, Rozmaritsa N, Christ T, Wettwer E, Knaut M, Ravens U, Tokar S, Schobesberger S, Singh A, Wright PT, Miragoli M, Lyon AR, Sikkel M, Harding SE, Gorelik J, Van Mil A, Grundmann S, Goumans MJ, Jaksani S, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JP, Tijsen AJ, Amin AS, Giudicessi JR, Tanck MW, Bezzina CR, Creemers EE, Wilde AM, Ackerman MJ, Pinto YM, Gedicke-Hornung C, Behrens-Gawlik V, Khajetoorians D, Mearini G, Reischmann S, Geertz B, Voit T, Dreyfus P, Eschenhagen T, Carrier L, Duerr GD, Heinemann JC, Wenzel D, Ghanem A, Alferink JC, Zimmer A, Lutz B, Welz A, Fleischmann BK, Dewald O, Sbroggio' M, Bertero A, Giuliano L, Brancaccio M, Tarone G, Meiser M, Kohlhaas M, Chen Y, Csordas G, Dorn G, Maack C, Stapel B, Hoch M, Haghikia A, Fischer P, Maack C, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Schroen B, Corsten M, Verhesen W, De Windt L, Pinto YM, Zacchigna S, Thum T, Carmeliet P, Papageorgiou A, Heymans S, Lunde IG, Finsen AV, Florholmen G, Skrbic B, Kvaloy H, Jarstadmarken HO, Sjaastad I, Tonnessen T, Carlson CR, Christensen G, Paavola J, Schliffke S, Rossetti S, Kuo I, Yuan S, Sun Z, Harris P, Torres V, Ehrlich B, Robinson P, Adams K, Zhang YH, Casadei B, Watkins H, Redwood C, Seneviratne AN, Cole JE, Goddard ME, Mohri Z, Cross AJ, Krams R, Monaco C, Everaert BR, Van Laere SJ, Hoymans VY, Timmermans JP, Vrints CJ. Oral abstract presentations & Young Investigators Competition. Cardiovasc Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Espe EKS, Aronsen JM, Skrbic B, Skulberg VM, Schneider JE, Sejersted OM, Zhang L, Sjaastad I. Improved MR phase-contrast velocimetry using a novel nine-point balanced motion-encoding scheme with increased robustness to eddy current effects. Magn Reson Med 2012; 69:48-61. [PMID: 22392844 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) velocimetry is a noninvasive, high-resolution motion assessment tool. However, high motion sensitivity requires strong motion-encoding magnetic gradients, making phase-contrast-MRI prone to baseline shift artifacts due to the generation of eddy currents. In this study, we propose a novel nine-point balanced velocity-encoding strategy, designed to be more accurate in the presence of strong and rapidly changing gradients. The proposed method was validated using a rotating phantom, and its robustness and precision were explored and compared with established approaches through computer simulations and in vivo experiments. Computer simulations yielded a 39-57% improvement in velocity-noise ratio (corresponding to a 27-33% reduction in measurement error), depending on which method was used for comparison. Moreover, in vivo experiments confirmed this by demonstrating a 26-53% reduction in accumulated velocity error over the R-R interval. The nine-point balanced phase-contrast-MRI-encoding strategy is likely useful for settings where high spatial and temporal resolution and/or high motion sensitivity is required, such as in high-resolution rodent myocardial tissue phase mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil K S Espe
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Bjørnstad JL, Skrbic B, Marstein HS, Hasic A, Sjaastad I, Louch WE, Florholmen G, Christensen G, Tønnessen T. Inhibition of SMAD2 phosphorylation preserves cardiac function during pressure overload. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 93:100-10. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Levels of six non-dioxin-like indicator PCBs in 36 composite samples of agricultural crops, related by-products and foodstuffs were pooled from a total of 938 individual samples collected in Serbia in 2002 and 2004. After extraction and cleanup, PCBs were determined by capillary GC using ECD. The highest total PCB levels were found in dried sugar beet pulp (2.89 ng g(-1) whole weight (ww)) and crude sunflower oil (1.83 ng g(-1) lipid), while the lowest levels were found in molasses (0.05 ng g(-1) ww). The calculated daily intake of PCBs for the crop products included in this study were compared with the maximum permissible risk (MPR) level established by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Cereal products (flour, bread, pastry, pasta, cookies) were made a relatively large contribution (23% of MPR), while sugar (2% of MPR) and oil (4% of MPR) made a low and fairly uniform contribution to intake. The levels and intake of PCBs in Serbia were compared with data from other recent international surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Skrbic
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
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20
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Skrbic B, Cvejanov J, Durisic-Mladenovic N. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in surface soils of Novi Sad and bank sediment of the Danube River. J Environ Sci Health B 2007; 42:311-9. [PMID: 17454385 DOI: 10.1080/03601230701229312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The contents of 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and six so-called indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in the surface zone (0-5 cm) of soil and sediment samples, taken from different locations in the city of Novi Sad, capitol of Vojvodina Province (North of the Serbia) covering residential and commercial area, recreational and arable zone. The total organochlorine pesticides concentration in soil varied from 2.63 to 31.78 ng g(-1) dry weight, while the level in sediment was 10.35 ng g(-1) dry weight. Maximum content of identified individual organochlorine pesticide in soil samples was 10.40 ng g(-1) dry weight for p, p-DDE in the market garden and 6.31 ng g(-1) dry weight for p, p'-DDT in sediment of the Danube River, although their application is restricted in Serbia. Some of investigated PCBs were identified only in the soil samples from a park-school backyard in the city downtown (0.32 ng g(-1) dry weight) and market garden (0.22 ng g(-1) dry weight), and also in sediment sample from left bank of the Danube River (0.41 ng g(-1) dry weight). Data of the OCPs and PCBs present in this study were compared with the ones found for soils and river sediments throughout the world, and with limit values set by soil and sediment quality guidelines. Also, correlation between the levels of certain pesticides and soil characteristics (organic matter, pH and clay content) was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Skrbic
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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21
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Belboul A, Dernevik L, Aljassim O, Skrbic B, Rådberg G, Roberts D. The effect of autologous fibrin sealant (Vivostat) on morbidity after pulmonary lobectomy: a prospective randomised, blinded study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 26:1187-91. [PMID: 15541982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2004] [Revised: 08/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postoperative air leakage is the most frequent complication after pulmonary surgery. The development of modern surgical techniques has been influenced strongly by the need to manage air leakage effectively during pulmonary resection. This study evaluated the effect of using an autologous fibrin sealant (Vivostat) during lobectomy on morbidity following surgery. METHODS This was a prospective, blinded, randomised clinical study. Patients undergoing lobectomy were enrolled into two groups (Vivostat or non-treatment control, 20 per group). Air leakage was measured over a 1-h period (using a mechanical suction pump) on the day of operation, and both air leakage and bleeding/exudation (drainage volume) were recorded every morning postoperatively until the chest tubes were removed. Personnel recording these parameters were blinded to the intervention received. RESULTS Compared with the control group, mean bleeding/exudate volumes were significantly reduced in the Vivostat group (day 1,370 vs. 525 ml; total, 424 vs. 782 ml; both P<0.001), and drains were inserted for a shorter time (medians, 1 vs. 2 days, P=0.07). Significantly fewer patients had air leakage at any time in the Vivostat group (40 vs. 80%, P=0.02), and air leakage volumes were significantly lower compared with the control group (median differences: day of surgery: 0.6l/min, P=0.01; total 0.8l/min, P=0.03). Postoperative hospitalisation time was shorter in the Vivostat group than in the control group but the difference was not significant (0.5 days, P=0.12). CONCLUSIONS Vivostat fibrin sealant significantly reduces post-surgical air leakage and drainage volumes following lobectomy in pulmonary surgery and is suitable for routine use in this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Belboul
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg 413 45, Sweden.
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Loncar E, Kolarov L, Malbasa R, Skrbic B. Qualitative TLC determination of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sugar-beet. J Serb Chem Soc 2005. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0510237l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The presence of polycyclic or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in sugar-beet from a local sugar factory in the district of Vojvodina. The sugar-beet was cultivated on areas near roads with intensive traffic. The procedure for the preparation and determination of these compounds included saponification of the sample, several liquid?liquid extraction systems and a silica gel column clean-up. The purified sample solution was analysed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel with cyclohexane as the developing solvent. Benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(a)anthracene and/or benzo(a)pyrene were detected at concentrations greater than the allowed limits in food.
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