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Fadlalmola H, Abdelmalik MA, Masaad HKH, Abdalla AM, Mohammaed MO, Abbakr I, Mohammed AM, Saeed AA, Beraima MA, Sambu BM, Osman AM, Elhusein AM, Habiballa M, Yousef H, Hamid H, Ali A, Ahmed N, Banaga A, Omer R. Efficacy of warm compresses in preserving perineal integrity and decreasing pain during normal labor: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. Afr J Reprod Health 2023; 27:96-123. [PMID: 37584913 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2023/v27i4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the effect of warm compresses in preserving perineal integrity in women who delivered a single baby vaginally with cephalic presentation. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and the ISI Web of Science databases. Two researchers worked independently and conducted the study's search, selection, and extraction. We calculated the pooled risk ratio (R.R.)- for our categorical outcomes- and mean difference (M.D.)-for our continuous outcomes- using random or fixed-effect meta-analysis according to heterogenicity status. I2 test was used to detect heterogenicity. Studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Our study analyzed 13 controlled trials (n= 3947) to compare warm compresses versus not using it during vaginal delivery. The analysis revealed that warm compresses group had better outcomes regarding episiotomy, degree of perineal trauma (third and fourth degree), perineal trauma requiring suturing, and also in behavioral pain scales (severe muscle tense, being very restless, and constant grimacing) with the following R.R. and confidence intervals: (R.R.= 0.56, 95% C.I.[0.23, 1.37]), (R.R.= 0.69, 95% C.I.[0.54, 0.89], p= 0.004),( (R.R.= 0.37, 95% C.I.[0.18, 0.77], p= 0.004), and ( (R.R.= 0.42, 95% C.I.[0.23, 0.78], p= 0.006) respectively. We conclude that among primiparous women, warm compresses group showed better outcome in improving perineal comfort than a the good of women who did not receive warm compresses after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Fadlalmola
- Taibah University, Nursing College, Community Health Nursing Department, Almadina Almonawar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Abdelmalik
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Nursing,University of El Imam El Mahdi Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing, Kosti, White Nile, SD3
| | - Huda K H Masaad
- Applied Medical Science College, Nursing Department, Hafr Albatin University. Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M Abdalla
- Prince sultan military college of health sciences, nursing department, Al Dhahran, Sudia Arabia
- Sinnar University, Faculty of Medicine & Health sciences, Nursing department, Sinnar city, Sudan
| | - Mohammaed O Mohammaed
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abbakr
- Umm alqura University, College of Nursing, Department of Nursing Practice, KSA
| | - Almoez M Mohammed
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Sinnar University, Faculty of Medicine & Health sciences, Nursing department, Sinnar city, Sudan
| | | | | | - Binyameen M Sambu
- Department of Community Health Nursing and Health Care of Mass Gathering, Umm alqura university, KSA
- University of Gezira, Sudan, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Nursing Department
| | - Abdalla Ma Osman
- Department of Community and Mental Health, College of Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Elhusein
- College of Applied Medical Science, Nursing Department, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Huda Yousef
- Jazan University. College of Nursing, Saudi arabia
| | - Hawa Hamid
- Jazan University. College of Nursing, Saudi arabia
| | - Anwar Ali
- Jazan University. College of Nursing, Saudi arabia
| | | | - Amel Banaga
- Jazan University. College of Nursing, Saudi arabia
| | - Rasha Omer
- Jazan University. College of Nursing, Saudi arabia
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