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Lee Y, Buchheim J, Hellenkamp B, Lynall D, Yang K, Young EF, Penkov B, Sia S, Stojanovic MN, Shepard KL. Carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors for resolving single-molecule aptamer-ligand binding kinetics. Nat Nanotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41565-023-01591-0. [PMID: 38233588 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Small molecules such as neurotransmitters are critical for biochemical functions in living systems. While conventional ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry lack portability and are unsuitable for time-resolved measurements in situ, techniques such as amperometry and traditional field-effect detection require a large ensemble of molecules to reach detectable signal levels. Here we demonstrate the potential of carbon-nanotube-based single-molecule field-effect transistors (smFETs), which can detect the charge on a single molecule, as a new platform for recognizing and assaying small molecules. smFETs are formed by the covalent attachment of a probe molecule, in our case a DNA aptamer, to a carbon nanotube. Conformation changes on binding are manifest as discrete changes in the nanotube electrical conductance. By monitoring the kinetics of conformational changes in a binding aptamer, we show that smFETs can detect and quantify serotonin at the single-molecule level, providing unique insights into the dynamics of the aptamer-ligand system. In particular, we show the involvement of G-quadruplex formation and the disruption of the native hairpin structure in the conformational changes of the serotonin-aptamer complex. The smFET is a label-free approach to analysing molecular interactions at the single-molecule level with high temporal resolution, providing additional insights into complex biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Electronics & Information System, ICT Research Institute, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jakob Buchheim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institute of Quantum Technologies, Ulm, Germany
| | - Björn Hellenkamp
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Lynall
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyungae Yang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erik F Young
- Quicksilver Biosciences, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Boyan Penkov
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kenneth L Shepard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Jang SS, Dubnik S, Hon J, Hellenkamp B, Lynall DG, Shepard KL, Nuckolls C, Gonzalez RL. Characterizing the Conformational Free-Energy Landscape of RNA Stem-Loops Using Single-Molecule Field-Effect Transistors. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:402-412. [PMID: 36547391 PMCID: PMC10025942 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have developed and used single-molecule field-effect transistors (smFETs) to characterize the conformational free-energy landscape of RNA stem-loops. Stem-loops are one of the most common RNA structural motifs and serve as building blocks for the formation of complex RNA structures. Given their prevalence and integral role in RNA folding, the kinetics of stem-loop (un)folding has been extensively characterized using both experimental and computational approaches. Interestingly, these studies have reported vastly disparate timescales of (un)folding, which has been interpreted as evidence that (un)folding of even simple stem-loops occurs on a highly rugged conformational energy landscape. Because smFETs do not rely on fluorophore reporters of conformation or mechanical (un)folding forces, they provide a unique approach that has allowed us to directly monitor tens of thousands of (un)folding events of individual stem-loops at a 200 μs time resolution. Our results show that under our experimental conditions, stem-loops (un)fold over a 1-200 ms timescale during which they transition between ensembles of unfolded and folded conformations, the latter of which is composed of at least two sub-populations. The 1-200 ms timescale of (un)folding we observe here indicates that smFETs report on complete (un)folding trajectories in which unfolded conformations of the RNA spend long periods of time wandering the free-energy landscape before sampling one of several misfolded conformations or the natively folded conformation. Our findings highlight the extremely rugged landscape on which even the simplest RNA structural elements fold and demonstrate that smFETs are a unique and powerful approach for characterizing the conformational free-energy of RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukjin S. Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sarah Dubnik
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jason Hon
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Björn Hellenkamp
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, 10027, USA
| | - David G. Lynall
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Shepard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ruben L. Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
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3
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Taal AJ, Lee C, Choi J, Hellenkamp B, Shepard KL. Toward implantable devices for angle-sensitive, lens-less, multifluorescent, single-photon lifetime imaging in the brain using Fabry-Perot and absorptive color filters. Light Sci Appl 2022; 11:24. [PMID: 35075116 PMCID: PMC8786868 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Implantable image sensors have the potential to revolutionize neuroscience. Due to their small form factor requirements; however, conventional filters and optics cannot be implemented. These limitations obstruct high-resolution imaging of large neural densities. Recent advances in angle-sensitive image sensors and single-photon avalanche diodes have provided a path toward ultrathin lens-less fluorescence imaging, enabling plenoptic sensing by extending sensing capabilities to include photon arrival time and incident angle, thereby providing the opportunity for separability of fluorescence point sources within the context of light-field microscopy (LFM). However, the addition of spectral sensitivity to angle-sensitive LFM reduces imager resolution because each wavelength requires a separate pixel subset. Here, we present a 1024-pixel, 50 µm thick implantable shank-based neural imager with color-filter-grating-based angle-sensitive pixels. This angular-spectral sensitive front end combines a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) Fabry-Perot color filter and diffractive optics to produce the measurement of orthogonal light-field information from two distinct colors within a single photodetector. The result is the ability to add independent color sensing to LFM while doubling the effective pixel density. The implantable imager combines angular-spectral and temporal information to demix and localize multispectral fluorescent targets. In this initial prototype, this is demonstrated with 45 μm diameter fluorescently labeled beads in scattering medium. Fluorescent lifetime imaging is exploited to further aid source separation, in addition to detecting pH through lifetime changes in fluorescent dyes. While these initial fluorescent targets are considerably brighter than fluorescently labeled neurons, further improvements will allow the application of these techniques to in-vivo multifluorescent structural and functional neural imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan J Taal
- Columbia University - Department of Electrical Engineering, 500W. 120th St., Mudd 1310, New York, 10027, NY, USA
| | - Changhyuk Lee
- Columbia University - Department of Electrical Engineering, 500W. 120th St., Mudd 1310, New York, 10027, NY, USA
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology - Brain Science Institute, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebin Choi
- Columbia University - Department of Electrical Engineering, 500W. 120th St., Mudd 1310, New York, 10027, NY, USA
| | - Björn Hellenkamp
- Columbia University - Department of Electrical Engineering, 500W. 120th St., Mudd 1310, New York, 10027, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth L Shepard
- Columbia University - Department of Electrical Engineering, 500W. 120th St., Mudd 1310, New York, 10027, NY, USA.
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6
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Hellenkamp B, Schmid S, Doroshenko O, Opanasyuk O, Kühnemuth R, Adariani SR, Ambrose B, Aznauryan M, Barth A, Birkedal V, Bowen ME, Chen H, Cordes T, Eilert T, Fijen C, Gebhardt C, Götz M, Gouridis G, Gratton E, Ha T, Hao P, Hanke CA, Hartmann A, Hendrix J, Hildebrandt LL, Hirschfeld V, Hohlbein J, Hua B, Hübner CG, Kallis E, Kapanidis AN, Kim JY, Krainer G, Lamb DC, Lee NK, Lemke EA, Levesque B, Levitus M, McCann JJ, Naredi-Rainer N, Nettels D, Ngo T, Qiu R, Robb NC, Röcker C, Sanabria H, Schlierf M, Schröder T, Schuler B, Seidel H, Streit L, Thurn J, Tinnefeld P, Tyagi S, Vandenberk N, Vera AM, Weninger KR, Wünsch B, Yanez-Orozco IS, Michaelis J, Seidel CAM, Craggs TD, Hugel T. Publisher Correction: Precision and accuracy of single-molecule FRET measurements-a multi-laboratory benchmark study. Nat Methods 2018; 15:984. [PMID: 30327572 PMCID: PMC7608346 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Hellenkamp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Engineering and Applied Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonja Schmid
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Doroshenko
- Molecular Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oleg Opanasyuk
- Molecular Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Kühnemuth
- Molecular Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Mikayel Aznauryan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Barth
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Victoria Birkedal
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark E Bowen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thorben Cordes
- Molecular Microscopy Research Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tobias Eilert
- Institute for Biophysics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carel Fijen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gebhardt
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Götz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Giorgos Gouridis
- Molecular Microscopy Research Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pengyu Hao
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christian A Hanke
- Molecular Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Center and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lasse L Hildebrandt
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Johannes Hohlbein
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Microspectroscopy Research Facility Wageningen, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boyang Hua
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Eleni Kallis
- Institute for Biophysics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Achillefs N Kapanidis
- Gene Machines Group, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jae-Yeol Kim
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Georg Krainer
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Molecular Biophysics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Don C Lamb
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nam Ki Lee
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Pharmacy and Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brié Levesque
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Marcia Levitus
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - James J McCann
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaus Naredi-Rainer
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Nettels
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thuy Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruoyi Qiu
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Nicole C Robb
- Gene Machines Group, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Hugo Sanabria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Michael Schlierf
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schuler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Seidel
- Institute of Physics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lisa Streit
- Institute for Biophysics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann Thurn
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.,Institute of Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Swati Tyagi
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Vandenberk
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrés Manuel Vera
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Keith R Weninger
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Bettina Wünsch
- Institute of Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Claus A M Seidel
- Molecular Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Timothy D Craggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. .,Gene Machines Group, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Thorsten Hugel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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7
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Kracke B, Cole JT, Kaiser CJO, Hellenkamp B, Krysiak S, Ghoorchian A, Braun GB, Holland NB, Hugel T. Thermoswitchable Nanoparticles Based on Elastin-like Polypeptides. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Kracke
- Central
Institute for Medical Engineering (IMETUM), TU München, Boltzmannstraße
11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - James T. Cole
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | | | - Björn Hellenkamp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 23a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Krysiak
- Central
Institute for Medical Engineering (IMETUM), TU München, Boltzmannstraße
11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ali Ghoorchian
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering
Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Gary B. Braun
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nolan B. Holland
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Thorsten Hugel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 23a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Lumme C, Altan-Martin H, Dastvan R, Sommer MS, Oreb M, Schuetz D, Hellenkamp B, Mirus O, Kretschmer J, Lyubenova S, Kügel W, Medelnik JP, Dehmer M, Michaelis J, Prisner TF, Hugel T, Schleiff E. Nucleotides and substrates trigger the dynamics of the Toc34 GTPase homodimer involved in chloroplast preprotein translocation. Structure 2014; 22:526-38. [PMID: 24631462 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GTPases are molecular switches that control numerous crucial cellular processes. Unlike bona fide GTPases, which are regulated by intramolecular structural transitions, the less well studied GAD-GTPases are activated by nucleotide-dependent dimerization. A member of this family is the translocase of the outer envelope membrane of chloroplast Toc34 involved in regulation of preprotein import. The GTPase cycle of Toc34 is considered a major circuit of translocation regulation. Contrary to expectations, previous studies yielded only marginal structural changes of dimeric Toc34 in response to different nucleotide loads. Referencing PELDOR and FRET single-molecule and bulk experiments, we describe a nucleotide-dependent transition of the dimer flexibility from a tight GDP- to a flexible GTP-loaded state. Substrate binding induces an opening of the GDP-loaded dimer. Thus, the structural dynamics of bona fide GTPases induced by GTP hydrolysis is replaced by substrate-dependent dimer flexibility, which likely represents a general regulatory mode for dimerizing GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lumme
- Physics Department E22 and IMETUM, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hasret Altan-Martin
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Reza Dastvan
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes", Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 741 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maik S Sommer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mislav Oreb
- Physics Department E22 and IMETUM, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Denise Schuetz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes", Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Björn Hellenkamp
- Physics Department E22 and IMETUM, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Oliver Mirus
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens Kretschmer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sevdalina Lyubenova
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes", Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Jan P Medelnik
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manuela Dehmer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Thomas F Prisner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes", Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hugel
- Physics Department E22 and IMETUM, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes", Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Membrane Proteomics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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