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Moon BY, Park JY, Robinson DA, Thomas JC, Park YH, Thornton JA, Seo KS. Mobilization of Genomic Islands of Staphylococcus aureus by Temperate Bacteriophage. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151409. [PMID: 26953931 PMCID: PMC4783081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The virulence of Staphylococcus aureus, in both human and animal hosts, is largely influenced by the acquisition of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Most S. aureus strains carry a variety of MGEs, including three genomic islands (νSaα, νSaβ, νSaγ) that are diverse in virulence gene content but conserved within strain lineages. Although the mobilization of pathogenicity islands, phages and plasmids has been well studied, the mobilization of genomic islands is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated the mobilization of νSaβ by the adjacent temperate bacteriophage ϕSaBov from strain RF122. In this study, we demonstrate that ϕSaBov mediates the mobilization of νSaα and νSaγ, which are located remotely from ϕSaBov, mostly to recipient strains belonging to ST151. Phage DNA sequence analysis revealed that chromosomal DNA excision events from RF122 were highly specific to MGEs, suggesting sequence-specific DNA excision and packaging events rather than generalized transduction by a temperate phage. Disruption of the int gene in ϕSaBov did not affect phage DNA excision, packaging, and integration events. However, disruption of the terL gene completely abolished phage DNA packing events, suggesting that the primary function of temperate phage in the transfer of genomic islands is to allow for phage DNA packaging by TerL and that transducing phage particles are the actual vehicle for transfer. These results extend our understanding of the important role of bacteriophage in the horizontal transfer and evolution of genomic islands in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Youn Moon
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151–742, South Korea
| | - Joo Youn Park
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
| | - D. Ashley Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America
| | - Jonathan C. Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of Bolton, Bolton, Greater Manchester, BL3 5AB United Kingdom
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151–742, South Korea
| | - Justin A. Thornton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
| | - Keun Seok Seo
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kwon KH, Hwang SY, Kim SH, Moon BY, Park BK, Yoon JW, Park YH. Characterization of Enterocccus faecalis
Isolates from the Pork Meat Production Chain and Comparison with Human Clinical Isolates. J Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hee Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Bacteriology Laboratory and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Daehak-dong Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Hwang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Bacteriology Laboratory and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Daehak-dong Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID); Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Youn Moon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Bacteriology Laboratory and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Daehak-dong Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyun Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Won Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Bacteriology Laboratory and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Daehak-dong Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Bacteriology Laboratory and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Daehak-dong Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi Republic of Korea
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Kwon KH, Hwang SY, Moon BY, Park YK, Shin S, Hwang CY, Park YH. Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and distribution of enterococcal clonal complex 17 from animals and human beings in Korea. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:924-31. [PMID: 22855376 DOI: 10.1177/1040638712455634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are major zoonotic bacteria that cause opportunistic infections in human beings and animals. Moreover, pathogenic strains can be disseminated between human beings and animals, particularly companion animals that come into frequent contact with people. Recently, Enterococcus faecium clonal complex 17 (CC17) has emerged as a pandemic clone. Most CC17 strains are ampicillin resistant and possess virulence genes such as esp and hyl. Despite the possible dissemination of CC17 between human beings and animals, prevalence data about CC17 in animals is limited. In the present study, the phenotypes and genotypes of antimicrobial resistance were compared, as well as virulence gene profiles from 184 enterococci strains isolated from chickens, pigs, companion animals, and human patients in Korea. Ampicillin-resistant E. faecium (AREF) strains were selected, and multilocus sequence typing was performed to investigate the dispersion of CC17 among animals and human beings. The companion animal and human isolates showed high resistance rates to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin, whereas food animal isolates showed high tetracycline and erythromycin resistance rates. Ampicillin-resistant E. faecium was only detected in human (21/21 E. faecium, 100%) and companion animal (3/5 E. faecium, 60%) isolates, and all human AREF strains and 1 canine AREF strain were confirmed as CC17. In conclusion, the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and the distribution of enterococcal CC17 in companion animal enterococcal strains were similar to those of human strains rather than to those of food animal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hee Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Moon BY, Youn JH, Shin S, Hwang SY, Park YH. Genetic and phenotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from veterinary hospitals in South Korea. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:489-98. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638712440985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci were isolated from veterinary staff, hospitalized animals, and medical equipment from 2 major tertiary veterinary hospitals in South Korea to investigate antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness. The detection rate for staphylococci was 55.2% (111/201 samples), and 11 species were identified among the collected staphylococcal strains. The most prevalent species were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (52/111, 46.8%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (21/111, 18.9%), and Staphylococcus aureus (19/111, 17.1%). The methicillin-resistance rates of staphylococci isolated from veterinary staff and medical equipment were higher than those from hospitalized animals. The genotype of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in the current study was sequence type (ST)72-SCC mec IVc-t324, which is similar to the genotype of prevalent MRSA strains in human beings and food animals in South Korea. Among the mecA-positive S. pseudintermedius isolates, SCC mec V was most prevalent in strains originating from both veterinary staff and hospitalized animals. SCC mec IVa was detected in methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, whereas SCC mec IVc was found in other methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci. The SCC mec typing, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis results showed that methicillin-resistant staphylococci dissemination between hospitalized animals and veterinary staff is possible in South Korean veterinary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Youn Moon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (Moon, Shin, Hwang, Park)
- Department of Education and Collaboration, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan (Youn)
| | - Jung-Ho Youn
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (Moon, Shin, Hwang, Park)
- Department of Education and Collaboration, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan (Youn)
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (Moon, Shin, Hwang, Park)
- Department of Education and Collaboration, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan (Youn)
| | - Sun Young Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (Moon, Shin, Hwang, Park)
- Department of Education and Collaboration, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan (Youn)
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (Moon, Shin, Hwang, Park)
- Department of Education and Collaboration, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan (Youn)
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Abstract
Aortic dissection is a catastrophic event that is commonly associated with severe pain, massive hemorrhage, and high mortality. In this report, we present the case of a 31-year-old man who presented with painless, hemorrhagic left pleural effusion. Further investigation revealed a 9-cm dissecting ascending aortic aneurysm that was thought to be due to a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve. We suggest that ascending aortic aneurysm be included in the differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic pleural effusion, even in the absence of the classic features of aortic dissection, such as chest pain, advanced age, or history of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Little
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lee CB, Hayashi H, Moon BY. Stabilization by glycinebetaine of photosynthetic oxygen evolution by thylakoid membranes from Synechococcus PCC7002. Mol Cells 1997; 7:296-9. [PMID: 9163748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Active thylakoid membranes were prepared from Synechococcus PCC7002 in a medium that contained glycinebetaine. The oxygen-evolving activity of photosystem II of these thylakoid membranes was enhanced and stabilized by the presence of glycinebetaine. The heat stability of the oxygen-evolving activity of the thylakoid membranes was also enhanced by glycinebetaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Lee
- Department of Biology, Dong-Eui University, Pusan, Korea
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Moon BY, Higashi S, Gombos Z, Murata N. Unsaturation of the membrane lipids of chloroplasts stabilizes the photosynthetic machinery against low-temperature photoinhibition in transgenic tobacco plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:6219-23. [PMID: 7603975 PMCID: PMC41489 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.14.6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Using tobacco plants that had been transformed with the cDNA for glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, we have demonstrated that chilling tolerance is affected by the levels of unsaturated membrane lipids. In the present study, we examined the effects of the transformation of tobacco plants with cDNA for glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from squash on the unsaturation of fatty acids in thylakoid membrane lipids and the response of photosynthesis to various temperatures. Of the four major lipid classes isolated from the thylakoid membranes, phosphatidylglycerol showed the most conspicuous decrease in the level of unsaturation in the transformed plants. The isolated thylakoid membranes from wild-type and transgenic plants did not significantly differ from each other in terms of the sensitivity of photosystem II to high and low temperatures and also to photoinhibition. However, leaves of the transformed plants were more sensitive to photoinhibition than those of wild-type plants. Moreover, the recovery of photosynthesis from photoinhibition in leaves of wild-type plants was faster than that in leaves of the transgenic tobacco plants. These results suggest that unsaturation of fatty acids of phosphatidylglycerol in thylakoid membranes stabilizes the photosynthetic machinery against low-temperature photoinhibition by accelerating the recovery of the photosystem II protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Moon
- Department of Regulation Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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Moon BY, Higashi S, Gombos Z, Murata N. Unsaturation of the membrane lipids of chloroplasts stabilizes the photosynthetic machinery against low-temperature photoinhibition in transgenic tobacco plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995. [PMID: 7603975 DOI: 10.2307/2367814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Using tobacco plants that had been transformed with the cDNA for glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, we have demonstrated that chilling tolerance is affected by the levels of unsaturated membrane lipids. In the present study, we examined the effects of the transformation of tobacco plants with cDNA for glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from squash on the unsaturation of fatty acids in thylakoid membrane lipids and the response of photosynthesis to various temperatures. Of the four major lipid classes isolated from the thylakoid membranes, phosphatidylglycerol showed the most conspicuous decrease in the level of unsaturation in the transformed plants. The isolated thylakoid membranes from wild-type and transgenic plants did not significantly differ from each other in terms of the sensitivity of photosystem II to high and low temperatures and also to photoinhibition. However, leaves of the transformed plants were more sensitive to photoinhibition than those of wild-type plants. Moreover, the recovery of photosynthesis from photoinhibition in leaves of wild-type plants was faster than that in leaves of the transgenic tobacco plants. These results suggest that unsaturation of fatty acids of phosphatidylglycerol in thylakoid membranes stabilizes the photosynthetic machinery against low-temperature photoinhibition by accelerating the recovery of the photosystem II protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Moon
- Department of Regulation Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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Choi KD, Ahn SB, Oh YK, Rhim KS, Moon BY. An autoradiographic study on metabolism of serotonin in cerebral nerve cells using 5-hydroxytryptophan-C14. Yonsei Med J 1967; 8:8-12. [PMID: 4178670 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1967.8.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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