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Korolczuk I, Burle B, Coull JT, Ogińska H, Ociepka M, Senderecka M, Śmigasiewicz K. Temporal unpredictability increases error monitoring as revealed by EEG-EMG investigation. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14442. [PMID: 37724801 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Reacting in an unpredictable context increases error monitoring as evidenced by greater error-related negativity (ERN), an electrophysiological marker linked to an evaluation of response outcomes. We investigated whether ERN also increased when participants evaluated their responses to events that appeared in unpredictable versus predictable moments in time. We complemented electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis of cortical activity by measuring performance monitoring processes at the peripheral level using electromyography (EMG). Specifically, we used EMG data to quantify how temporal unpredictability would affect motor time (MT), the interval between the onset of muscle activity, and the mechanical response. MT increases following errors, indexing online error detection, and an attempt to stop incorrect actions. In our temporally cued version of the stop-signal task, symbolic cues predicted (temporally predictable condition) or not (temporally unpredictable condition) the onset of a target. In 25% of trials, an auditory signal occurred shortly after the target presentation, informing participants that they should inhibit their response completely. Response times were slower, and fewer inhibitory errors were made during temporally unpredictable than predictable trials, indicating enhanced control of unwanted actions when target onset time was unknown. Importantly, the ERN to inhibitory errors was greater in temporally unpredictable relative to temporally predictable conditions. Similarly, EMG data revealed prolonged MT when reactions to temporally unpredictable targets had not been stopped. Taken together, our results show that a temporally unpredictable environment increases the control of unwanted actions, both at cortical and peripheral levels, suggesting a higher subjective cost of maladaptive responses to temporally uncertain events.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Korolczuk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - B Burle
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - J T Coull
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - H Ogińska
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Ociepka
- Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School in the Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Senderecka
- Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Śmigasiewicz
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, Marseille, France
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Korolczuk I, Burle B, Coull JT, Ogińska H, Ociepka M, Senderecka M, Śmigasiewicz K. Don't Stop Me Now: Neural Underpinnings of Increased Impulsivity to Temporally Predictable Events. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:885-899. [PMID: 36877092 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the benefit of temporal predictability for behavior is long-established, recent studies provide evidence that knowing when an important event will occur comes at the cost of greater impulsivity. Here, we investigated the neural basis of inhibiting actions to temporally predictable targets using an EEG-EMG method. In our temporally cued version of the stop-signal paradigm (2-choice task), participants used temporal information delivered by a symbolic cue to speed their responses to the target. In a quarter of the trials, an auditory signal indicated that participants had to inhibit their actions. Behavioral results showed that although temporal cues speeded RTs, they also impaired the ability to stop actions as indexed by longer stop-signal reaction time. In line with behavioral benefits of temporal predictability, EEG data demonstrated that acting at temporally predictable moments facilitated response selection at the cortical level (reduced frontocentral negativity just before the response). Likewise, activity of the motor cortex involved in suppression of incorrect response hand was stronger for temporally predictable events. Thus, by keeping an incorrect response in check, temporal predictability likely enabled faster implementation of the correct response. Importantly, there was no effect of temporal cues on the EMG-derived index of on-line, within-trial inhibition of subthreshold impulses. This result shows that although participants were more prone to execute a fast response to temporally predictable targets, their inhibitory control was, in fact, unaffected by temporal cues. Altogether, our results demonstrate that greater impulsivity when responding to temporally predictable events is paralleled by enhanced neural motor processes involved in response selection and implementation rather than impaired inhibitory control.
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Śmigasiewicz K, Ambrosi S, Blaye A, Burle B. Developmental changes in impulse control: Trial-by-trial EMG dissociates the evolution of impulse strength from its subsequent suppression. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13273. [PMID: 35470516 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Goal-oriented behavior can be disrupted by irrelevant information that automatically activates incorrect responses. While behavioral errors reveal response capture in such situations, they are only the tip of the iceberg. Additional subliminal activations of the incorrect responses (partial errors) can be revealed on correctly responded trials thanks to electromyography (EMG). In the current study, for the first time, EMG recorded in children was combined with distributional analyses. This allowed to investigate the properties of incorrect response activations and to highlight developmental changes in impulse control. A sample of 114 children aged 6-14 years was studied. Children performed a Simon task in which the irrelevant stimulus-position automatically activates a response that might be compatible or incompatible with the correct one. On incompatible trials, the automatic response activation must be overcome by controlled response selection. As previously observed in adults, our approach revealed the presence of an automatic EMG activation of the incorrect response elicited by the irrelevant stimulus dimension. Further, it revealed another independent source at the origin of incorrect response activations: the tendency to guess for response alternation. Both sources increased the frequency of early incorrect EMG activations, indicating impulsive responding. In addition, the influence of both sources decreased with increasing age. Thus, development is marked by improved ability to manage distractibility on the one hand and decreased tendency to rely on a guessing strategy on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Śmigasiewicz
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Solène Ambrosi
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Agnès Blaye
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Boris Burle
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Vidal F, Burle B, Hasbroucq T. On the Comparison Between the Nc/CRN and the Ne/ERN. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:788167. [PMID: 35812306 PMCID: PMC9261282 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.788167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After the Error Negativity (Ne or ERN) has been described on full-blown errors and on partial error, a smaller Error Negativity-like wave (CRN or Nc) has also been evidenced on correct trials, first in patients with schizophrenia and, later on, in healthy subjects. The functional significance of the Nc as compared to the Ne is of critical importance since most models accounting for the genesis of the Ne on errors and partial errors cannot account for the existence of the Nc if this Nc simply corresponds to a small Ne. On the contrary, if the Nc and the Ne are two completely distinct components, then the existence of a Nc poses no constraint to the existing models. To this end, we examine in the present review the similarities and the differences existing between the Ne and the Nc regarding their functional properties and their anatomical origin.
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Korolczuk I, Burle B, Coull JT, Śmigasiewicz K. Time for Action: Neural Basis of the Costs and Benefits of Temporal Predictability for Competing Response Choices. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 34:273-289. [PMID: 34813659 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The brain can anticipate the time of imminent events to optimize sensorimotor processing. Yet, there can be behavioral costs of temporal predictability under situations of response conflict. Here, we sought to identify the neural basis of these costs and benefits by examining motor control processes in a combined electroencephalography-EMG study. We recorded electrophysiological markers of response activation and inhibition over motor cortex when the onset-time of visual targets could be predicted, or not, and when responses necessitated conflict resolution, or not. If stimuli were temporally predictable but evoked conflicting responses, we observed increased intertrial consistency in the delta range over the motor cortex involved in response implementation, perhaps reflecting increased response difficulty. More importantly, temporal predictability differentially modulated motor cortex activity as a function of response conflict before the response was even initiated. This effect occurred in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the response, which is involved in inhibiting unwanted actions. If target features all triggered the same response, temporal predictability increased cortical inhibition of the incorrect response hand. Conversely, if different target features triggered two conflicting responses, temporal predictability decreased inhibition of the incorrect, yet prepotent, response. This dissociation reconciles the well-established behavioral benefits of temporal predictability for nonconflicting responses as well as its costs for conflicting ones by providing an elegant mechanism that operates selectively over the motor cortex involved in suppressing inappropriate actions just before response initiation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that temporal information differentially guides motor activity depending on response choice complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Korolczuk
- Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, France.,Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Grandjean A, Suarez I, Diaz E, Spieser L, Burle B, Blaye A, Casini L. Stronger impulse capture and impaired inhibition of prepotent action in children with ADHD performing a Simon task: An electromyographic study. Neuropsychology 2021; 35:399-410. [PMID: 34043390 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A deficit in interference control is commonly reported in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This has mainly been interpreted as a difficulty in inhibiting inappropriate responses. However, it could be due to at least two distinct and independent processes, which are often confounded: The activation or suppression of impulsive responses. The aim of the present study was to separate the contribution of these two processes. METHOD We compared performance of 26 children with ADHD to that of 26 nonADHD children using a novel approach based on electromyographic activity (EMG) analysis. EMG allows two distinct indices to be computed: Incorrect activation rate, which is an index of the intensity of impulse capture and correction rate, which provides a direct measure of the ability to suppress automatic responses. RESULTS Children with ADHD were slower, committed more errors, and had a larger interference effect than nonADHD children. Moreover, we observed a greater incorrect activation rate and a lower correction rate in the ADHD group. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the difficulties in interference control found in children with ADHD are explained by both impaired inhibitory processes and a greater propensity to activate automatic responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Grandjean
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Aix-Marseille Université
| | | | - Elisa Diaz
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte
| | - Laure Spieser
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Boris Burle
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Agnès Blaye
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, FR 3C, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Laurence Casini
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Aix-Marseille Université
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Ficarella SC, Desantis A, Zénon A, Burle B. Preparing to React: A Behavioral Study on the Interplay between Proactive and Reactive Action Inhibition. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060680. [PMID: 34067343 PMCID: PMC8224560 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor preparation, based on one's goals and expectations, allows for prompt reactions to stimulations from the environment. Proactive and reactive inhibitory mechanisms modulate this preparation and interact to allow a flexible control of responses. In this study, we investigate these two control mechanisms with an ad hoc cued Go/NoGo Simon paradigm in a within-subjects design, and by measuring subliminal motor activities through electromyographic recordings. Go cues instructed participants to prepare a response and wait for target onset to execute it (Go target) or inhibit it (NoGo target). Proactive inhibition keeps the prepared response in check, hence preventing false alarms. Preparing the cue-coherent effector in advance speeded up responses, even when it turned out to be the incorrect effector and reactive inhibition was needed to perform the action with the contralateral one. These results suggest that informative cues allow for the investigation of the interaction between proactive and reactive action inhibition. Partial errors' analysis suggests that their appearance in compatible conflict-free trials depends on cue type and prior preparatory motor activity. Motor preparation plays a key role in determining whether proactive inhibition is needed to flexibly control behavior, and it should be considered when investigating proactive/reactive inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania C. Ficarella
- CNRS—Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LNC, Aix Marseille University, F-13331 Marseille, France;
- The French Aerospace Lab ONERA, Département Traitement de l’Information et Systèmes, 13661 Salon-de-Provence, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-490170124
| | - Andrea Desantis
- The French Aerospace Lab ONERA, Département Traitement de l’Information et Systèmes, 13661 Salon-de-Provence, France;
- INCC—Integrative Neuroscience & Cognition Center UMR 8002, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR 7289), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Zénon
- Institut de Neuroscience Cognitive et Intégrative d’Aquitaine (UMR5287), CNRS and Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Boris Burle
- CNRS—Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LNC, Aix Marseille University, F-13331 Marseille, France;
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Weindel G, Anders R, Alario FX, Burle B. Assessing model-based inferences in decision making with single-trial response time decomposition. J Exp Psychol Gen 2021; 150:1528-1555. [PMID: 33764107 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The latent psychological mechanisms involved in decision-making are often studied with quantitative models based on evidence accumulation processes. The most prolific example is arguably the drift-diffusion model (DDM). This framework has frequently shown good to very good quantitative fits, which has prompted its wide endorsement. However, fit quality alone does not establish the validity of a model's interpretation. Here, we formally assess the model's validity with a novel cross-validation approach based on the recording of muscular activities, which directly relate to the standard interpretation of various model parameters. Specifically, we recorded electromyographic activity along with response times (RTs), and used it to decompose every RT into 2 components: a premotor time (PMT) and motor time (MT). The latter interval, MT, can be directly linked to motor processes and hence to the nondecision parameter of DDM. In two canonical perceptual decision tasks, we manipulated stimulus strength, speed-accuracy trade-off, and response force and quantified their effects on PMT, MT, and RT. All 3 factors consistently affected MT. The DDM parameter for nondecision processes recovered the MT effects in most situations, with the exception of the fastest responses. The extent of the good fits and the scope of the mis-estimations that we observed allow drawing new limits of the interpretability of model parameters. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Salomone M, Burle B, Fabre L, Berberian B. An Electromyographic Analysis of the Effects of Cognitive Fatigue on Online and Anticipatory Action Control. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:615046. [PMID: 33505260 PMCID: PMC7829365 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.615046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive fatigue is a problem for the safety of critical systems (e.g., aircraft) as it can lead to accidents, especially during unexpected events. In order to determine the extent to which it disrupts adaptive capabilities, we evaluated its effect on online and anticipatory control. Despite numerous studies conducted to determine its effects, the exact mechanism(s) affected by fatigue remains to be clarified. In this study, we used distribution and electromyographic analysis to assess whether cognitive fatigue increases the capture of the incorrect automatic response or if it impairs its suppression (online control), and whether the conflict adaptation effect is reduced (anticipatory control). To this end, we evaluated the evolution of the performance over time during the Simon task, a classic conflict task that elicits incorrect automatic responses. To accentuate the presence of fatigue during the Simon task, two groups previously performed a dual-task with two different cognitive load levels to create two different levels of fatigue. The results revealed that time on task impaired online control by disrupting the capacity to suppress the incorrect response but leaving unaffected the expression of the automatic response. Furthermore, participants emphasized speed rather than accuracy with time on task, with in addition more fast guesses, suggesting that they opted for a less effortful response strategy. As the implementation of the suppression mechanism requires cognitive effort, the conjunction of these results suggests that the deficits observed may be due to disengagement of effort over time rather than reflecting an incapacity to make an effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick Salomone
- Information Processing and Systems, ONERA, Salon de Provence, Base Aérienne 701, France
| | - Boris Burle
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, France
| | - Ludovic Fabre
- Centre de Recherche de l'Ecole de l'Air, Salon de Provence, Base Aérienne 701, France
| | - Bruno Berberian
- Information Processing and Systems, ONERA, Salon de Provence, Base Aérienne 701, France
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Ambrosi S, Śmigasiewicz K, Burle B, Blaye A. The dynamics of interference control across childhood and adolescence: Distribution analyses in three conflict tasks and ten age groups. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:2262-2280. [PMID: 33119361 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interference control is central to cognitive control and, more generally, to many aspects of development. Despite its importance, the understanding of the processes underlying mean interference effects across development is still limited. When measured through conflict tasks, mean interference effects reflect both the strength of the initial automatic incorrect response activation by the irrelevant stimulus dimension and the capacity to subsequently suppress this tendency and/or activate the correct response. To investigate the development of interference control, we focused on the time course of these activation and/or suppression processes studied in 360 children distributed in 10 age groups (from 5 to 14 years of age) and 36 adults. Each participant performed the 3 mostly used conflict tasks (Simon, flanker, and Stroop) designed to be sensitive across the whole age range. Performances were analyzed using distribution analyses of accuracy and response times. Conditional accuracy functions highlighted conflict-dependent developmental changes in the time course of the initial incorrect response capture and later controlled correct response activation: These results revealed a mature pattern for Simon from 5 years onward (the easiest task as assessed by fastest reaction time and highest accuracy), late maturation in Stroop (the most difficult task), intermediate in flanker. In contrast, despite the increased speed of responses across the age range, the shape of correct response distributions did not change with age, leaving open the maturation of suppression processes. Results are discussed with respect to the interest of the methodology used and debates on the interpretation of the dynamics at hand. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Śmigasiewicz K, Ambrosi S, Blaye A, Burle B. Inhibiting errors while they are produced: Direct evidence for error monitoring and inhibitory control in children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 41:100742. [PMID: 31999563 PMCID: PMC6994603 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The maturation of processes involved in performance monitoring, crucial for adaptive behavior, is a core aspect of developmental changes. Monitoring processes are often studied through the analysis of error processing. Previous developmental studies generally focused on post-error slowing and error-related EEG activities. Instead, the present study aims at collecting indicators of error monitoring processes occurring within trials that is, before the erroneous response is produced. Electromyographic (EMG) activity and force produced during responding were registered in 6 to 14-year-olds performing a choice-response task. As already reported in adults, force produced was weaker, EMG bursts were smaller, and motor times (interval between EMG onsets and responses) were longer during errors compared to correct responses. In contrast, the rising part of EMG burst, reflecting the initial motor command, was the same for both response outcomes. This suggests that error inhibition was applied online after the response was triggered but before the actual key was pressed. This error correction was already present in children as young as 6 years old. The effects of reduced EMG and force amplitudes remained stable across childhood. However, the prolonged motor times in young children suggests that they need more time to implement motor inhibition than their older peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Śmigasiewicz
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, France.
| | - Solène Ambrosi
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - Agnès Blaye
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - Boris Burle
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, France.
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Vidal F, Burle B, Hasbroucq T. Errors and Action Monitoring: Errare Humanum Est Sed Corrigere Possibile. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 13:453. [PMID: 31998101 PMCID: PMC6962188 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recognized long ago by Seneca through his famous "errare humanum est." that the human information processing system is intrinsically fallible. What is newer is the fact that, at least in sensorimotor information processing realized under time pressure, errors are largely dealt with by several (psycho)physiological-specific mechanisms: prevention, detection, inhibition, correction, and, if these mechanisms finally fail, strategic behavioral adjustments following errors. In this article, we review several datasets from laboratory experiments, showing that the human information processing system is well equipped not only to detect and correct errors when they occur but also to detect, inhibit, and correct them even before they fully develop. We argue that these (psycho)physiological mechanisms are important to consider when the brain works in everyday settings in order to render work systems more resilient to human errors and, thus, safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Vidal
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, France
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13
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Korolczuk I, Burle B, Coull JT, Smigasiewicz K. Mechanisms of Impulsive Responding to Temporally Predictable Events as Revealed by Electromyography. Neuroscience 2020; 428:13-22. [PMID: 31918009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Temporal predictability optimises behaviour when a simple response is required, as demonstrated by faster reaction times (RTs) and higher accuracy. However, its beneficial effects come at a cost under situations of response conflict. Here, we investigated the motor underpinnings of behaviour to temporally predictable events in the Simon conflict task. We compared motor responses to lateralised targets whose position conflicted (incompatible condition) or not (compatible condition) with the hand of response. Importantly, electromyographic (EMG) recordings allowed us to study "partial errors", defined as subthreshold muscle activity in the incorrect response agonist preceding a correct response. Advanced distributional analyses coupled with EMG data revealed that temporal predictability induced impulsive premature responding, as indexed by increased likelihood of fast incorrect EMG activations (both partial errors and errors) to incompatible targets. In parallel, responding to temporally predictable targets speeded the latency of partial errors, further indicating that temporal predictability increased the tendency to act prematurely. There was, however, no effect of temporal predictability on subsequent suppression of partial errors. Our results provide direct evidence that temporal predictability acts by increasing the urge to initiate a fast, yet potentially erroneous, response. This mechanism parsimoniously explains both beneficial effects of temporal predictability when no conflict in the environment is present, as well as its costs when more complex motor behaviour is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Korolczuk
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Boris Burle
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Federation 3C, Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - Jennifer T Coull
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Federation 3C, Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - Kamila Smigasiewicz
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Federation 3C, Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France
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Ficarella SC, Rochet N, Burle B. Becoming aware of subliminal responses: An EEG/EMG study on partial error detection and correction in humans. Cortex 2019; 120:443-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Campanella S, Schroder E, Vanderhasselt MA, Baeken C, Kornreich C, Verbanck P, Burle B. Short-Term Impact of tDCS Over the Right Inferior Frontal Cortex on Impulsive Responses in a Go/No-go Task. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:398-406. [PMID: 29788768 DOI: 10.1177/1550059418777404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory control, a process deeply studied in laboratory settings, refers to the ability to inhibit an action once it has been initiated. A common way to process data in such tasks is to take the mean response time (RT) and error rate per participant. However, such an analysis ignores the strong dependency between spontaneous RT variations and error rate. Conditional accuracy function (CAF) is of particular interest, as by plotting the probability of a response to be correct as a function of its latency, it provides a means for studying the strength of impulsive responses associated with a higher frequency of fast response errors. This procedure was applied to a recent set of data in which the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) was modulated using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Healthy participants (n = 40) were presented with a "Go/No-go" task (click on letter M, not on letter W, session 1). Then, one subgroup (n = 20) was randomly assigned to one 20-minutes neuromodulation session with tDCS (anodal electrode, rIFG; cathodal electrode, neck); and the other group (n = 20) to a condition with sham (placebo) tDCS. All participants were finally confronted to the same "Go/No-go" task (session 2). The rate of commission errors (click on W) and speed of response to Go trials were similar between sessions 1 and 2 in both neuromodulation groups. However, CAF showed that active tDCS over rIFG leads to a reduction of the drop in accuracy for fast responses (suggesting less impulsivity and greater inhibitory efficiency), this effect being only visible for the first experimental block following tDCS stimulation. Overall, the present data indicate that boosting the rIFG may be useful to enhance inhibitory skills, but that CAF could be of the greatest relevance to monitor the temporal dynamics of the neuromodulation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Campanella
- 1 Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisa Schroder
- 1 Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- 2 Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- 2 Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- 1 Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Verbanck
- 1 Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Boris Burle
- 5 Aix-Marseille Universite', Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LNC Unite' Mixte de Recherche, Marseille, France
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Ambrosi S, Servant M, Blaye A, Burle B. Conflict processing in kindergarten children: New evidence from distribution analyses reveals the dynamics of incorrect response activation and suppression. J Exp Child Psychol 2018; 177:36-52. [PMID: 30165290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of cognitive control is known to follow a long and protracted development. However, whether the interference effect in conflict tasks in children would entail the same core processes as in adults, namely an automatic activation of incorrect response and its subsequent suppression, remains an open question. We applied distributional analyses to reaction times and accuracy of 5- and 6-year-old children performing three conflict tasks (flanker, Simon, and Stroop) in a within-participants design. This revealed both strong commonalities and differences between children and adults. As in adults, fast responses were more error prone than slow ones on incompatible trials, indicating a fast "automatic" activation of the incorrect response. In addition, the strength of this activation differed across tasks, following a pattern similar to that of adults. Moreover, modeling the data with a drift diffusion model adapted for conflict tasks allowed one to better assess the origin of the typical slowing down observed in children. Besides showing that advanced distribution analyses can be successfully applied to children, the current results support the notion that interference effects in 5- and 6-year-olds are driven by mechanisms very similar to the ones at play in adults but with different time courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Ambrosi
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, UMR 7290, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Servant
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNC, UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Agnès Blaye
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, UMR 7290, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Boris Burle
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNC, UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France.
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Vidal F, Burle B, Hasbroucq T. The Way We Do the Things We Do: How Cognitive Contexts Shape the Neural Dynamics of Motor Areas in Humans. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1296. [PMID: 30100890 PMCID: PMC6073480 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In spontaneously triggered movements the nature of the executed response has a prominent effect on the intensity and the dynamics of motor areas recruitment. Under time pressure, the time course of motor areas recruitment is necessarily shorter than that of spontaneously triggered movements because RTs may be extremely short. Moreover, different classes of RT tasks allow examining the nature and the dynamics of motor areas activation in different cognitive contexts. In the present article, we review experimental results obtained from high temporal resolution methods (mainly, but not exclusively EEG ones), during voluntary movements; these results indicate that the activity of motor areas not only depends on the nature of the executed movement but also on the cognitive context in which these movements have to be executed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Vidal
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, France
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Korolczuk I, Burle B, Coull JT. The costs and benefits of temporal predictability: impaired inhibition of prepotent responses accompanies increased activation of task-relevant responses. Cognition 2018; 179:102-110. [PMID: 29935426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
While the benefit of temporal predictability on sensorimotor processing is well established, it is still unknown whether this is due to efficient execution of an appropriate response and/or inhibition of an inappropriate one. To answer this question, we examined the effects of temporal predictability in tasks that required selective (Simon task) or global (Stop-signal task) inhibitory control of prepotent responses. We manipulated temporal expectation by presenting cues that either predicted (temporal cues) or not (neutral cues) when the target would appear. In the Simon task, performance was better when target location (left/right) was compatible with the hand of response and performance was improved further still if targets were temporally cued. However, Conditional Accuracy Functions revealed that temporal predictability selectively increased the number of fast, impulsive errors. Temporal cueing had no effect on selective response inhibition, as measured by the dynamics of the interference effect (delta plots) in the Simon task. By contrast, in the Stop-signal task, Stop-signal reaction time, a covert measure of a more global form of response inhibition, was significantly longer in temporally predictive trials. Therefore, when the time of target onset could be predicted in advance, it was harder to stop the impulse to respond to the target. Collectively, our results indicate that temporal cueing compounded the interfering effects of a prepotent response on task performance. We suggest that although temporal predictability enhances activation of task-relevant responses, it impairs inhibition of prepotent responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Korolczuk
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Boris Burle
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Federation 3C, Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France
| | - Jennifer T Coull
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Federation 3C, Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France
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Questienne L, Atas A, Burle B, Gevers W. Objectifying the subjective: Building blocks of metacognitive experiences in conflict tasks. J Exp Psychol Gen 2017; 147:125-131. [PMID: 29154617 DOI: 10.1037/xge0000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metacognitive appraisals are essential for optimizing our information processing. In conflict tasks, metacognitive appraisals can result from different interrelated features (e.g., motor activity, visual awareness, response speed). Thanks to an original approach combining behavioral and electromyographic measures, the current study objectified the contribution of three features (reaction time [RT], motor hesitation with and without response competition, and visual congruency) to the subjective experience of urge-to-err in a priming conflict task. Both RT and motor hesitation with response competition were major determinants of metacognitive appraisals. Importantly, motor hesitation in absence of response competition and visual congruency had limited effect. Because science aims to rely on objectivity, subjective experiences are often discarded from scientific inquiry. The current study shows that subjectivity can be objectified. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Questienne
- Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles
| | - Anne Atas
- Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles
| | - Boris Burle
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université
| | - Wim Gevers
- Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles
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20
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Burle B. Action monitoring in Human: evidence for a two steps error detection. Int J Psychophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
It has been demonstrated that target detection is impaired following an error in an unrelated flanker task. These findings support the idea that the occurrence or processing of unexpected error-like events interfere with subsequent information processing. In the present study, we investigated the effect of errors on early visual ERP components. We therefore combined a flanker task and a visual discrimination task. Additionally, the intertrial interval between both tasks was manipulated in order to investigate the duration of these negative after-effects. The results of the visual discrimination task indicated that the amplitude of the N1 component, which is related to endogenous attention, was significantly decreased following an error, irrespective of the intertrial interval. Additionally, P3 amplitude was attenuated after an erroneous trial, but only in the long-interval condition. These results indicate that low-level attentional processes are impaired after errors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanne Schevernels
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boris Burle
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR7291, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Wim Notebaert
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Van der Borght L, Houtman F, Burle B, Notebaert W. Distinguishing the influence of task difficulty on error-related ERPs using surface Laplacian transformation. Biol Psychol 2016; 115:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dyson M, Thomas E, Casini L, Burle B. Online extraction and single trial analysis of regions contributing to erroneous feedback detection. Neuroimage 2015; 121:146-58. [PMID: 26093326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the brain processes errors is an essential and active field of neuroscience. Real time extraction and analysis of error signals provide an innovative method of assessing how individuals perceive ongoing interactions without recourse to overt behaviour. This area of research is critical in modern Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) design, but may also open fruitful perspectives in cognitive neuroscience research. In this context, we sought to determine whether we can extract discriminatory error-related activity in the source space, online, and on a trial by trial basis from electroencephalography data recorded during motor imagery. Using a data driven approach, based on interpretable inverse solution algorithms, we assessed the extent to which automatically extracted error-related activity was physiologically and functionally interpretable according to performance monitoring literature. The applicability of inverse solution based methods for automatically extracting error signals, in the presence of noise generated by motor imagery, was validated by simulation. Representative regions of interest, outlining the primary generators contributing to classification, were found to correspond closely to networks involved in error detection and performance monitoring. We observed discriminative activity in non-frontal areas, demonstrating that areas outside of the medial frontal cortex can contribute to the classification of error feedback activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dyson
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.
| | - Eoin Thomas
- Athena, INRIA, 2004, Route des Lucioles, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Laurence Casini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - Boris Burle
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.
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Suarez I, Burle B, Tobon C, Pineda D, Lopera F, Hasbroucq T, Casini L. Deciphering interference control in adults with ADHD by using distribution analyses and electromyographic activity. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2015; 159:85-92. [PMID: 26057599 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A deficit in "interference control" is commonly found in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This has mainly been interpreted as difficulties in inhibiting inappropriate responses. However, interference control involves processes other than simply the ability to inhibit. Consequently, we used sophisticated analysis to decipher the additional processes of interference control in these patients. We compared interference control between 16 adults with ADHD and 15 control adults performing a Simon task. In most studies, performance is generally reported in terms of mean error rates and reaction times (RTs). However, here we used distribution analyses of behavioral data, complemented by analyses of electromyographic (EMG) activity. This allowed us to better quantify the control of interference, specifically the part that remains hidden when pure correct trials are not distinguished from partial errors. Partial errors correspond to sub-threshold EMG bursts induced by incorrect responses that immediately precede a correct response. Moreover, besides "online" control, we also investigated cognitive control effects manifesting across consecutive trials. The main findings were that adults with ADHD were slower and showed a larger interference effect in comparison to controls. However, the data revealed that the larger interference effect was due neither to higher impulse expression, nor to a deficit in inhibition but that these patients presented a larger interference effect than the controls after congruent trials. We propose and discuss the hypothesis that the interference control deficit found in adults with ADHD is secondary to impairments in sustained attention.
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Abstract
Analyzing RT distributions in the Simon task reveals that congruency effects decrease for the longest RTs. Four experiments were carried out to examine whether this decrease of the congruency effect with response speed was under a top-down control or due to bottom-up mechanisms. We specifically manipulated the availability of attentional resources by requiring participants to perform a Simon task concurrently to different secondary tasks. RT distribution analysis (in particular delta functions) was performed under both single-task and dual-task conditions. Results show that the reduction of the interference effect with time could be affected when the Simon task was performed concurrently with a secondary task. Nonetheless, the type of the secondary task seems to be a critical factor. Therefore, the data suggest that the mechanisms responsible for the reduction of the interference effect with time are under some attentional control but the exact nature of these mechanisms remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Suarez
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Vidal
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | - Boris Burle
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Casini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, FR 3C, Marseille, France
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Spinnato J, Roubaud MC, Burle B, Torrésani B. Detecting single-trial EEG evoked potential using a wavelet domain linear mixed model: application to error potentials classification. J Neural Eng 2015; 12:036013. [PMID: 25973635 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/3/036013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main goal of this work is to develop a model for multisensor signals, such as magnetoencephalography or electroencephalography (EEG) signals that account for inter-trial variability, suitable for corresponding binary classification problems. An important constraint is that the model be simple enough to handle small size and unbalanced datasets, as often encountered in BCI-type experiments. APPROACH The method involves the linear mixed effects statistical model, wavelet transform, and spatial filtering, and aims at the characterization of localized discriminant features in multisensor signals. After discrete wavelet transform and spatial filtering, a projection onto the relevant wavelet and spatial channels subspaces is used for dimension reduction. The projected signals are then decomposed as the sum of a signal of interest (i.e., discriminant) and background noise, using a very simple Gaussian linear mixed model. MAIN RESULTS Thanks to the simplicity of the model, the corresponding parameter estimation problem is simplified. Robust estimates of class-covariance matrices are obtained from small sample sizes and an effective Bayes plug-in classifier is derived. The approach is applied to the detection of error potentials in multichannel EEG data in a very unbalanced situation (detection of rare events). Classification results prove the relevance of the proposed approach in such a context. SIGNIFICANCE The combination of the linear mixed model, wavelet transform and spatial filtering for EEG classification is, to the best of our knowledge, an original approach, which is proven to be effective. This paper improves upon earlier results on similar problems, and the three main ingredients all play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spinnato
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, UMR 7373, 13453 Marseille, France. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC, UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France
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Rochet N, Spieser L, Casini L, Hasbroucq T, Burle B. Detecting and correcting partial errors: Evidence for efficient control without conscious access. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2014; 14:970-82. [PMID: 24347086 PMCID: PMC4125819 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-013-0232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate reactions to erroneous actions are essential to keeping behavior adaptive. Erring, however, is not an all-or-none process: electromyographic (EMG) recordings of the responding muscles have revealed that covert incorrect response activations (termed "partial errors") occur on a proportion of overtly correct trials. The occurrence of such "partial errors" shows that incorrect response activations could be corrected online, before turning into overt errors. In the present study, we showed that, unlike overt errors, such "partial errors" are poorly consciously detected by participants, who could report only one third of their partial errors. Two parameters of the partial errors were found to predict detection: the surface of the incorrect EMG burst (larger for detected) and the correction time (between the incorrect and correct EMG onsets; longer for detected). These two parameters provided independent information. The correct(ive) responses associated with detected partial errors were larger than the "pure-correct" ones, and this increase was likely a consequence, rather than a cause, of the detection. The respective impacts of the two parameters predicting detection (incorrect surface and correction time), along with the underlying physiological processes subtending partial-error detection, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Rochet
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Case C, 3, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - L. Spieser
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Case C, 3, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - L. Casini
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Case C, 3, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - T. Hasbroucq
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Case C, 3, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - B. Burle
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Case C, 3, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
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Bonini F, Burle B, Liégeois-Chauvel C, Régis J, Chauvel P, Vidal F. Action monitoring and medial frontal cortex: leading role of supplementary motor area. Science 2014; 343:888-91. [PMID: 24558161 DOI: 10.1126/science.1247412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to evaluate the outcomes of our actions is fundamental for adapting and optimizing behavior and depends on an action-monitoring system that assesses ongoing actions and detects errors. The neuronal network underlying this executive function, classically attributed to the rostral cingulate zone, is poorly characterized in humans, owing to the limited number of direct neurophysiological data. Using intracerebral recordings, we show that the leading role is played by the supplementary motor area (SMA), which rapidly evaluates successful and erroneous actions. The rostral part of medial prefrontal cortex, driven by the SMA, was activated later and exclusively in the case of errors. This suggests a hierarchical organization of the different frontal regions involved in implementation of action monitoring and error processing.
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Rigoni D, Wilquin H, Brass M, Burle B. When errors do not matter: weakening belief in intentional control impairs cognitive reaction to errors. Cognition 2013; 127:264-9. [PMID: 23466640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The belief that one can exert intentional control over behavior is deeply rooted in virtually all human beings. It has been shown that weakening such belief - e.g. by exposure to 'anti-free will' messages - can lead people to display antisocial tendencies. We propose that this cursory and irresponsible behavior may be facilitated by a breakdown of neurocognitive mechanisms underlying behavioral adjustments. In the study reported here, we tested the hypothesis that weakening belief in intentional control reduces cognitive markers of behavioral control. Participants performed a Simon task before and after reading a scientific text either denying free will (no-free will group) or not mentioning free will (control group). Results showed that the post-error slowing, a cognitive marker of performance adjustment, was reduced in the no-free will group. This reduction was proportional to a decrease of the belief in intentional control. These observations indicate that weakening the belief in free will can impact behavioral adjustment after an error, and could be the cause of antisocial and irresponsible behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rigoni
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS: UMR7291, Aix-Marseille University, France.
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Meckler C, Carbonnell L, Hasbroucq T, Burle B, Vidal F. To err or to guess: an ERP study on the source of errors. Psychophysiology 2013; 50:415-21. [PMID: 23445462 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Given the large contribution of human error in the failure of complex systems, understanding the source of errors is an important issue. It has been proposed that, in speeded situations, responses biases induce subjects to guess which response will be required. When the guess turns out to be wrong, a fast guess error occurs. In unbiased conditions the possible contribution of fast guess errors remains an open question. We used a response-locked event-related potential (N-40), assumed to reveal the presence of a response selection process during the reaction time, to probe the presence of a response selection in biased and unbiased situations. The N-40 was present without response bias but absent in biased situations. This lends physiological support to the idea that, in a priming paradigm as used here, most errors in biased conditions are fast guesses whereas most errors result from inappropriate response selections in unbiased conditions. This reveals different sources of errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Meckler
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées-ERRSO, Toulon, France.
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Carbonnell L, Ramdani C, Meckler C, Burle B, Hasbroucq T, Vidal F. The N-40: an electrophysiological marker of response selection. Biol Psychol 2013; 93:231-6. [PMID: 23454519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A frontocentral electrophysiological wave occurring before the response, the N-40, has been reported in response choice situations compared to no-choice situations. This was interpreted as reflecting response selection. The gradual sensitivity of the N-40 to the demands put on response choice was tested by manipulating stimulus-response (S-R) congruence so as to influence response selection processes. After Laplacian transformation, an N-40 clearly emerged and was larger for incongruent (more demanding) than for congruent (less demanding) S-R associations. The N-40, which possibly reflects SMA activation, thus provides information about the implementation of response selection in the brain.
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Ramdani C, Carbonnell L, Rabat A, Meckler C, Burle B, Hasbroucq T, Vidal F. Sleep deprivation affects the sensitivity of proactive and reactive action monitoring: a behavioural and ERP analysis. Biol Psychol 2013; 93:237-45. [PMID: 23428372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the impact of sleep deprivation on action monitoring. Each participant performed a Simon task after a normal night of sleep and after 26 h of awakening. Reaction time (RT) distributions were analyzed and the sensitivity of the error negativity (Ne/Ne like) to response correctness was examined. Results showed that (1) the Simon effect persisted for the longest RTs only after sleep deprivation and (2) the sensitivity of the Ne/Ne like to correctness decreased after sleep deprivation, especially on incongruent trials. This suggests that after sleep deprivation (1) the ability to inhibit prepotent response tendencies is impaired and (2) the sensitivity of a response monitoring system as revealed by the error negativity is less sensitive to performance. In conclusion, action monitoring was affected by sleep deprivation as revealed by distributional analyses and the sensitivity of the Ne/Ne like to performance, which may be attributed to the fragility of prefrontal structures to sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Ramdani
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Toulon, France.
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Sokolova R, Rukšėnas O, Burle B. Differences between reaction time to stimulus onset and offset: Evidence for post-perceptual effects. PSY 2013. [DOI: 10.15388/psichol.2013.1.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction time to stimuli offset is usually longer than to stimuli onset (offset disadvantage). According to V. Di Lollo et al. (2000), such disadvantage arises from the need to suppress the automatically arisen response to stimulus onset that necessarily precedes the offset. If such is the case, one expects the onset–offset difference to decrease as the delay between stimulus onset and offset (i.e. foreperiod) increases. Results of the first experiment confirmed this hypothesis. A potential confounding factor was identified, however, related to different sensory consequences after the response (i.e. light offset vs. light onset in the reaction time to stimulus onset and offset tasks, respectively). We thus reasoned that, besides suppression, the action effect could influence the results. Results of the second experiment in which the sensory consequences were equalized confirmed the role of the action effect and suggest that, when such an effect is removed, suppression plays a little role in offset disadvantage.
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Sokolova R, Rukšėnas O, Burle B. Response-related factors in reaction time to stimulus onset and offset tasks. PSY 2013. [DOI: 10.15388/psichol.2013.1.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to V. Di Lollo et al. (2000), the difference in reaction time to stimulus onset and offset is related to response suppression. By using electromyographic activity recording, in the first experiment, we investigated whether both premotor and motor parts are affected by the task. Furthermore, in the second experiment, we investigated how other response-related factors, such as response type, could contribute to the difference between reaction time to stimulus onset and offset. In the first experiment, eleven subjects 29 ± 4.6 years old (six women and five men) performed reaction time tasks to stimulus onset and offset, and their response-related muscular activity was recorded. Sixteen 21.6 ± 1.5 years old subjects (eight women, eight men) participated in the second experiment, in which two types of responses were required. The results have revealed that differences in the reaction time to stimulus onset and offset are independent of response type and are related to the premotor part of reaction time only.
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Abstract
In his seminal paper, Donders proposed that Choice reaction time (RT) tasks differ from Go/No-go RT tasks only by the insertion of a response decision operation. We evaluated this possibility by comparing the time course of Laplacian-transformed ERPs, recorded over the primary (M1s) and supplementary motor areas (SMAs) in a Choice and in a Go/No-go task. Laplacian-transformed ERPs showed that a component that develops over the SMAs during the RT of Choice tasks vanishes in our Go/No-go task. This indicates that a process, absent in the Go/No-go task, was "inserted" in the Choice task. The Choice versus Go/No-go manipulation also modified the motor command: the activity recorded over M1s and the delay separating EMG onset from response completion depended on the nature of the task. This indicates that, although a process was inserted in the Choice task, it was not "purely" inserted, contrary to Donders' initial assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Vidal
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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Meckler C, Allain S, Carbonnell L, Hasbroucq T, Burle B, Vidal F. Executive control and response expectancy: A Laplacian ERP study. Psychophysiology 2011; 48:303-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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De Vos M, Riès S, Vanderperren K, Vanrumste B, Alario FX, Van Huffel S, Burle B. Erratum to: Removal of Muscle Artifacts from EEG Recordings of Spoken Language Production. Neuroinformatics 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12021-010-9076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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De Vos M, Riès S, Vanderperren K, Vanrumste B, Alario FX, Van Huffel S, Burle B. Removal of Muscle Artifacts from EEG Recordings of Spoken Language Production. Neuroinformatics 2010; 8:135-50. [PMID: 20480401 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-010-9071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten De Vos
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Hasbroucq T, Burle B, Vidal F, PossamaÏ CA. Stimulus-hand correspondence and direct response activation: An electromyographic analysis. Psychophysiology 2009; 46:1160-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Casini L, Burle B, Nguyen N. Speech perception engages a general timer: Evidence from a divided attention word identification task. Cognition 2009; 112:318-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Meynier C, Burle B, Possamaï CA, Vidal F, Hasbroucq T. Neural inhibition and interhemispheric connections in two-choice reaction time: a Laplacian ERP study. Psychophysiology 2009; 46:726-30. [PMID: 19490517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In between-hand choice reaction time tasks, the motor cortex involved in the required response is activated while the motor cortex involved in the non-required response is inhibited. Such an inhibition could be implemented actively between the responses defined as possible alternatives by the task instructions or, alternatively, could passively result from some kind of "reciprocal inhibition" between the two motor cortices. The present study addressed this issue. To this end, we compared the surface Laplacian transforms of electroencephalographic (EEG) waves recorded over the contralateral and ipsilateral motor cortices in between-hand and within-hand choice conditions. The dynamics of the recorded EEG activities suggest that inhibition is implemented in a feed-forward manner between the cortical zones controlling the different response alternatives rather than between homologous motor cortical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Meynier
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
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Van De Laar M, Van Den Wildenberg W, Van Boxtel G, Burle B, Van Der Molen M. Response activation and inhibition in global and selective stop-signal tasks: A Laplacian analysis. Int J Psychophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Duclos Y, Schmied A, Burle B, Burnet H, Rossi-Durand C. Anticipatory changes in human motoneuron discharge patterns during motor preparation. J Physiol 2007; 586:1017-28. [PMID: 18079160 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.145318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of motor preparation on human motoneuron activity was studied by combining single motor unit recording techniques with reaction-time (RT) methods. The tonic activity of wrist extensor motor units associated with voluntary isometric contractions was analysed during preparation for a ballistic wrist extensor muscle contraction, using a time preparation procedure. Two durations of the preparatory period elapsing between the warning signal and the response signal were used in separate blocks of trials: a short preparatory period (1 s) allowing optimum time preparation, and a longer, non-optimum one (3 s). Changes in motoneuron tonic discharge patterns not associated with any changes in the force output were observed during the preparatory period, which suggests that these changes were subtle enough to prevent any changes in muscle contraction from occurring before the forthcoming movement. The changes observed were a lengthening of the mean interspike interval (ISI) and a decrease in the ISI variability. These data confirm that inhibitory mechanisms are activated during motor preparation and suggest that spinal inhibitory mechanisms are involved in the preparatory processes. The mechanisms possibly involved, such as presynaptic inhibition, disfacilitation processes or AHP conductance changes, are discussed. The fact that the preparation-induced effects on motoneuron activity were particularly prominent during the last part of the 3 s preparatory period suggests that they were probably related to the neural processes underlying temporal estimation. The anticipatory changes in motoneuron activity observed here during preparation for action provide evidence that central influences act on spinal motoneurons well before it is time to act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Duclos
- Laboratoire de Plasticité et Physio Pathologie de Motricité (P3M), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6196, Aix-Marseille Université/CNRS, France
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Davranche K, Tandonnet C, Burle B, Meynier C, Vidal F, Hasbroucq T. The dual nature of time preparation: neural activation and suppression revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25:3766-74. [PMID: 17610596 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulations (TMSs) of the motor cortex (M1) were performed in order to decipher the neural mechanisms of time preparation. We varied the degree to which it was possible to prepare for the response signal in a choice reaction time (RT) task by employing either a short (500 ms) or a long (2500 ms) foreperiod in separate blocks of trials. Transcranial magnetic stimulations were delivered during these foreperiods in order to study modulations in both the size of the motor evoked potential (MEP) and the duration of the silent period (SP) in tonically activated response agonists. Motor evoked potential area and silent period duration were assumed to reflect, respectively, the excitability of the cortico-spinal pathway and the recruitment of inhibitory cortical interneurons. Shorter reaction times were observed with the shorter foreperiod, indicating that a better level of preparation was attained for the short foreperiod. Silent period duration decreased as time elapsed during the foreperiod and this decrement was more pronounced for the short foreperiod. This result suggests that time preparation is accompanied by a removal of intracortical inhibition, resulting in an activation. Motor evoked potential area decreased over the course of the short foreperiod, but not over the long foreperiod, revealing that time preparation involves the inhibition of the cortico-spinal pathway. We propose that cortico-spinal inhibition secures the development of cortical activation, preventing erroneous premature responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Davranche
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, CNRS et Université de Provence, Marseille, France.
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Courtière A, Hardouin J, Burle B, Vidal F, Hasbroucq T. Simon effect in the rat: a new model for studying the neural bases of the dual-route architecture. Behav Brain Res 2007; 179:69-75. [PMID: 17313980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the Simon effect refers to the fact that choice reaction time (RT) is shorter when the stimulus corresponds spatially to the response than when it does not, albeit the location of the stimulus is irrelevant to the task. This effect has motivated innumerable empirical and theoretical studies and is considered to reflect elementary cognitive processes. We report an experiment demonstrating that rats also display a Simon effect, the dynamics of which--as assessed by factorial manipulations and RT distribution analyses--partly corresponds to those of the effect studied in human participants. The present results are consistent with the ideas that in rats, like in humans, (i) the information conveyed by the stimulus is processed via two parallel routes, one controlled and relatively slow, and one fast and automatic (dual-route architecture) and (ii) the dual-route processing is finished before the start of motor processes. The correspondence between these findings and those reported in humans open new perspectives for neurophysiological investigations of the dual-route architecture in an animal model routinely studied in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Courtière
- Institut de Médecine Navale du Service de Santé des Armées, Toulon, France
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Bénar CG, Schön D, Grimault S, Nazarian B, Burle B, Roth M, Badier JM, Marquis P, Liegeois-Chauvel C, Anton JL. Single-trial analysis of oddball event-related potentials in simultaneous EEG-fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2007; 28:602-13. [PMID: 17295312 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There has recently been a growing interest in the use of simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional MRI (fMRI) for evoked activity in cognitive paradigms, thereby obtaining functional datasets with both high spatial and temporal resolution. The simultaneous recording permits obtaining event-related potentials (ERPs) and MR images in the same environment, conditions of stimulation, and subject state; it also enables tracing the joint fluctuations of EEG and fMRI signals. The goal of this study was to investigate the possibility of tracking the trial-to-trial changes in event-related EEG activity, and of using this information as a parameter in fMRI analysis. We used an auditory oddball paradigm and obtained single-trial amplitude and latency features from the EEG acquired during fMRI scanning. The single-trial P300 latency presented significant correlation with parameters external to the EEG (target-to-target interval and reaction time). Moreover, we obtained significant fMRI activations for the modulation by P300 amplitude and latency, both at the single-subject and at the group level. Our results indicate that, in line with other studies, the EEG can bring a new dimension to the field of fMRI analysis by providing fine temporal information on the fluctuations in brain activity.
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Tandonnet C, Burle B, Hasbroucq T, Vidal F. Spatial enhancement of EEG traces by surface Laplacian estimation: comparison between local and global methods. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116:18-24. [PMID: 15589178 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2004.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surface Laplacian estimation enhances EEG spatial resolution. In this paper, we compare, on empirical grounds, two computationally different estimations of the surface Laplacian. METHODS Surface Laplacian was estimated from the same monopolar data set with both Hjorth's method [local; Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 39 (1975) 526] as modified by MacKay [Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 56 (1983) 696] and with spherical spline interpolation [global; Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 72 (1989) 184]. RESULTS The grand averages computed with the two methods proved to be very similar but differed markedly from the monopolar ones. The two different computations were highly correlated, presented low relative errors and allowed to evidence comparable experimental effects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Hjorth's method and spherical spline interpolation convey similar topographic and chronometric informations. SIGNIFICANCE We provide empirical evidence that local and global methods of surface Laplacian estimation are equivalent to improve the spatial resolution of EEG traces. Global methods allow to explore the scalp topography and local methods allow to spare time in electrode setting that can be useful for studies on special populations (i.e. children, aged subjects) and for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tandonnet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Provence, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, CNRS-LNC, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France.
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Burle B, Vidal F, Semjen A. Le geste approprié au juste moment : faut-il une horloge pour que le mouvement soit dans les temps ? Psychologie Française 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bonnet M, Burle B, Macar F, Vidal F. Hommage à Andras Semjen. Psychologie Française 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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