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El Hayany B, Rumpel C, Hafidi M, El Fels L. Occurrence, analysis of microplastics in sewage sludge and their fate during composting: A literature review. J Environ Manage 2022; 317:115364. [PMID: 35617865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are ubiquitous contaminants and their presence in sewage sludge has recently received attention as they may enter agro-ecosystems if sludge is used as organic soil amendment. Indeed, plastic particles (<5 mm) can be transported from wastewater and sewage sludge to the soil environment either directly within the plastic matrix or indirectly as adsorbed substances. In this paper, articles from 18 countries reporting the MP quantity and their characteristics in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants were reviewed and the MP concentration size and type were compared. The data show that MP abundance in sewage sludge ranged globally from 7.91 to 495 × 103 particles kg-1 with highest abundance of fiber shape and MP size of less than 500 μm. In this review, we summarized and discussed the methods most frequently used for extraction and characterization of MP in sewage sludge including organic matter removal, MP extraction; physical and morphological MP characterization and its chemical characterization for polymer identification. We also described the major factors potentially controlling the fate of MP during disposal strategies with particular focus on composting. We show that physical and microbiological factors are important for MP degradation during composting and suggest two remediation practices: (i) inoculation of the initial sludge with microbial plastic decomposers to remove MP from contaminated sewage sludge, and (ii) development of high temperature composting processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra El Hayany
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, (BioMAgE) Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Cornelia Rumpel
- CNRS, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences (IEES), UMR (Sorbonne U, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, UPEC), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, (BioMAgE) Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco; Agrobiosciences and Fertlizers Program, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Loubna El Fels
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, (BioMAgE) Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco.
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El Hayany B, El Fels L, Quénéa K, Dignac MF, Rumpel C, Gupta VK, Hafidi M. Microplastics from lagooning sludge to composts as revealed by fluorescent staining- image analysis, Raman spectroscopy and pyrolysis-GC/MS. J Environ Manage 2020; 275:111249. [PMID: 32836169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lagooning sludge (LS), which is used as soil amendment in Morocco, may contain microplastics (MPs). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dewatering and co-composting of LS with green waste (GW) on the MPs' evolution. In this context the present study proposes fast-preliminary steps to detect plastics in lagooning sewage sludge before the extraction and identification process. We used pyrolysis GC/MS spectrometry to investigate the presence of chemical compounds possibly derived from plastics, and fluorescence staining by Nile Red to detect fluorescent particles suspected as plastics. Thereafter, we quantified the MPs particles after density fractionation and investigated their nature by Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS: indicated the presence of an average of 40.5 ± 11.9 × 103 MPs particles/kg (dry matter) and 36 ± 9.7 × 103 MPs particles/kg (dry matter) in fresh sludge and dewatered sludge respectively. Sludge dewatering in drying beds resulted a loss of small MPs (<500 μm). In co-composts, the quantity of MPs varied with the proportion of sewage sludge. The distribution of MPs types differentiated by colour and types (polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide and polyester) evolved differently. Conventional co-composting did not have any effect on MPs quantity, indicating that they are not biodegradable under these temperature conditions, but it influenced their particle size. The risks of these pollutants after repeated field application and the possibility of their reduction through others co-composting procedures and techniques would be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra El Hayany
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Loubna El Fels
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco; Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Technics, Marrakech- Safi, Morocco.
| | - Katell Quénéa
- Sorbonne University, CNRS, EPHE, UMR Environment, Transfers and Interactions in Soils and Water Bodies (METIS), UMR 7619, F-75252, Paris, France
| | - Marie-France Dignac
- INRA, CNRS, UMR Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences (IEES), 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Cornelia Rumpel
- INRA, CNRS, UMR Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences (IEES), 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Vijay Kumar Gupta
- Agrobiosciences Program, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech, Morocco; Agrobiosciences Program, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
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El Fels L, El Hayany B, El Faiz A, Saadani M, Houari M, Hafidi M. Sludge nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes eggs variation from lagooning, activated sludge and infiltration-percolation wastewater treatment system under semi-arid climate. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:570-576. [PMID: 30411287 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and the identification of the helminth eggs load of raw sewage sludge was assessed of three different wastewater treatment systems. The results showed a variety of parasite species with following average concentrations; five taxa belonging to three classes nematodes, cestodes and trematodes were inventoried. The class of nematodes is the most diverse with 5 taxa. It is represented by the eggs of Ascaris sp., Capillaria sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp., and Ankylostome sp., then comes the cestodes class, this is represented by the eggs of Tænia sp. The trematode class is represented by Schistosoma sp. The lagooning station of Chichaoua shows the highest load 7 species with Ascaris 21 eggs/g; Capillaria sp., 11 eggs/g; Trichuris sp., 6 eggs/g; Toxocara sp., 2 eggs/g and Ankylostome sp., 1 egg/g; Taenia sp., 2eggs/g; and Schistosoma sp., 1 egg/g. Infiltration-percolation sludge show the presence of 4 species of helminths eggs in sludge from anaerobic settling with different rates: 15 eggs/g for Ascaris sp., 15 eggs/g for Trichuris sp., 13 eggs/g for Capillaria sp., and 8 eggs/g for Taenia sp. However, in sand filter pool, the sludge helminth eggs load was decreased by 47% of Ascaris sp., 85% of Capillaria sp., and 75% of Taenia sp., Nevertheless, an increase of Trichuris eggs load was noted in the second sludge by 17%. Five helminth eggs was detected in primary sludge coming from decantation pools in activated sludge plant in Marrakech, that is Ascaris sp., with a load of 16 eggs/g; Capillaria sp., with 3 eggs/g, Trichuris eggs with 2 eggs/g; Taenia sp., with 4 eggs/g; and Schistosoma sp., with 2 eggs/g. The abatement load of Ascaris sp. with 81% and Schistosoma and Taenia sp., with 100% was noted in biological sludge. Nevertheless, an increase load of Capillaria and Trichuris eggs 81% and 75% respectively was observed in this sludge coming from biological pools. The distribution of parasitic helminth eggs is linked to the differences in demographic and socio-economic status, seasonal variation, physico-chemical characteristic of helminth eggs, and the purification wastewater system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna El Fels
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco.
- Institut Supérieur des Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé, Marrakech-Safi, Morocco.
| | - Bouchra El Hayany
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelouahed El Faiz
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | | | - Mustapha Houari
- Laboratoire Mécaniques des Procédés Energétiques et Environnementaux, ENSAT, Université Ibno Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
- AgroBioSciences Division Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguérir, Morocco
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El Hayany B, El Glaoui GEM, Rihanni M, Ezzariai A, El Faiz A, El Gharous M, Hafidi M, El Fels L. Effect of dewatering and composting on helminth eggs removal from lagooning sludge under semi-arid climate. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:10988-10996. [PMID: 29404950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we assessed the drying and composting effectiveness of helminth eggs removal from sewage sludge of a lagoon wastewater treatment plant located in Chichaoua city. The composting was run after mixing sludge with green waste in different proportions: M1 (½ sludge + ½ green waste), M2 ([Formula: see text] sludge + [Formula: see text] green waste), and M3 ([Formula: see text] sludge + [Formula: see text] green waste) for 105 days. The analysis of the dewatered sewage sludge showed a load of 8-24 helminth eggs/g of fresh matter identified as Ascaris spp. eggs (5-19 eggs/g) followed by Toxocara spp. (0.2 to 2.4 eggs/g); Hookworm spp. and Capillaria spp. (0.4-1 egg/g); Trichuris spp., Taenia spp., and Shistosoma spp. (< 1 egg/g) in the untreated sludge. After 105 days of treatment by composting, we noted a total reduction of helminth eggs in the order of 97.5, 97.83, and 98.37% for mixtures M1, M2, and M3, respectively. The Ascaris spp. eggs were reduced by 98% for M1 and M3 treatments and by 97% for M2 Treatment. Toxocara spp., Hookworm spp., Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp., and Shistosoma spp. eggs were totally eliminated (100% decrease) and the Taenia spp. was absent from the first stage of composting. These results confirm the effectiveness of both dehydrating and composting processes on the removal of helminth eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra El Hayany
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Ghizlen El Mezouari El Glaoui
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie Marines et de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences El Jadida, Université Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Rihanni
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie Marines et de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences El Jadida, Université Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Amine Ezzariai
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Abdelouahed El Faiz
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | | | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Loubna El Fels
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakesh, Morocco.
- Institut Supérieur des Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé, Marrakesh - Safi, Morocco.
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