1
|
Zhang X, Li L, Chen C, Zheng Y, Dubovik O, Derimian Y, Lopatin A, Gui K, Wang Y, Zhao H, Liang Y, Holben B, Che H, Zhang X. Extensive characterization of aerosol optical properties and chemical component concentrations: Application of the GRASP/Component approach to long-term AERONET measurements. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:152553. [PMID: 34952070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed GRASP/Component approach (GRASP: Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties) was applied to AERONET (Aeronet Robotic Network) sun photometer measurements in this study. Unlike traditional aerosol component retrieval, this approach allows the inference of some information about aerosol composition directly from measured radiance, rather than indirectly through the inversion of optical parameters, and has been integrated into the GRASP algorithm. The newly developed GRASP/Component approach was applied to 13 AERONET sites for different aerosol types under the assumption of aerosol internal mixing rules to analyze the characteristics of aerosol components and their distribution patterns. The results indicate that the retrievals can characterize well the spatial and temporal variability of the component concentration for different aerosol types. A reasonable agreement between GRASP BC retrievals and MERRA-2 BC products is found for all different aerosol types. In addition, the relationships between aerosol component content and aerosol optical parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), fine-mode fraction (FMF), absorption Ångström exponent (AAE), scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), and single scattering albedo (SSA) are also analyzed for indirect verifying the reliability of the component retrieval. It was demonstrated the GRASP/Component optical retrievals are in good agreement with AERONET standard products [e.g., correlation coefficient (R) of 0.93-1.0 for AOD, fine-mode AOD (AODF), coarse-mode AOD (AODC) and Ångström exponent (AE); R = ~ 0.8 for absorption AOD (AAOD) and SSA; RMSE (root mean square error) < 0.03 for AOD, AODF, AODC, AAOD and SSA]. Thus, it is demonstrated the GRASP/Component approach can provide aerosol optical products with comparable accuracy as the AERONET standard products from the ground-based sun photometer measurements as well as some additional important inside on aerosol composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xindan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 - LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, 59000 Lille, France; GRASP-SAS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Oleg Dubovik
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 - LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Yevgeny Derimian
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 - LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hujia Zhao
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Brent Holben
- Biospheric Sciences Branch, Code 923, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khatri P, Hayasaka T, Holben B, Tripathi SN, Misra P, Patra PK, Hayashida S, Dumka UC. Aerosol Loading and Radiation Budget Perturbations in Densely Populated and Highly Polluted Indo-Gangetic Plain by COVID-19: Influences on Cloud Properties and Air Temperature. Geophys Res Lett 2021; 48:e2021GL093796. [PMID: 34924636 PMCID: PMC8667642 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl093796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols emitted in densely populated and industrialized Indo-Gangetic Plain, one of the most polluted regions in the world, modulate regional climate, monsoon, and Himalayan glacier retreat. Thus, this region is important for understanding aerosol perturbations and their resulting impacts on atmospheric changes during COVID-19 lockdown period, a natural experimental condition created by the pandemic. By analyzing 5 years (2016-2020) data of aerosols and performing a radiative transfer calculation, we found that columnar and near-surface aerosol loadings decreased, leading to reductions in radiative cooling at the surface and top of the atmosphere and atmospheric warming during lockdown period. Further, satellite data analyses showed increases in cloud optical thickness and cloud-particle effective radius and decrease in lower tropospheric air temperature during lockdown period. These results indicate critical influences of COVID-19 lockdown on regional climate and water cycle over Indo-Gangetic Plain, emphasizing need for further studies from modeling perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Khatri
- Graduate School of ScienceCenter for Atmospheric and Oceanic StudiesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Research Institute for Humanity and NatureKyotoJapan
| | - T. Hayasaka
- Graduate School of ScienceCenter for Atmospheric and Oceanic StudiesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - B. Holben
- National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGoddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - S. N. Tripathi
- Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpurIndia
| | - P. Misra
- Research Institute for Humanity and NatureKyotoJapan
| | - P. K. Patra
- Graduate School of ScienceCenter for Atmospheric and Oceanic StudiesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Research Institute for Humanity and NatureKyotoJapan
- Research Institute for Global ChangeJAMSTECYokohamaJapan
| | - S. Hayashida
- Research Institute for Humanity and NatureKyotoJapan
| | - U. C. Dumka
- Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES)NainitalIndia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia X, Che H, Shi H, Chen H, Zhang X, Wang P, Goloub P, Holben B. Advances in sunphotometer-measured aerosol optical properties and related topics in China: Impetus and perspectives. Atmos Res 2021; 249:105286. [PMID: 33012934 PMCID: PMC7518977 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol is a critical trace component of the atmosphere. Many processes in the Earth's climate system are intimately related to aerosols via their direct and indirect radiative effects. Aerosol effects are not limited to these climatic aspects, however. They are also closely related to human health, photosynthesis, new energy, etc., which makes aerosol a central focus in many research fields. A fundamental requirement for improving our understanding of the diverse aerosol effects is to accumulate high-quality aerosol data by various measurement techniques. Sunphotometer remote sensing is one of the techniques that has been playing an increasingly important role in characterizing aerosols across the world. Much progress has been made on this aspect in China during the past decade, which is the work reviewed in this paper. Three sunphotometer networks have been established to provide high-quality observations of long-term aerosol optical properties across the country. Using this valuable dataset, our understanding of spatiotemporal variability and long-term trends of aerosol optical properties has been much improved. The radiative effects of aerosols both at the bottom and at the top of the atmosphere are comprehensively assessed. Substantial warming of the atmosphere by aerosol absorption is revealed. The long-range transport of dust from the Taklimakan Desert in Northwest China and anthropogenic aerosols from South Asia to the Tibetan Plateau is characterized based on ground-based and satellite remote sensing as well as model simulations. Effective methods to estimate chemical compositions from sunphotometer aerosol products are developed. Dozens of satellite and model aerosol products are validated, shedding new light on how to improve these products. These advances improve our understanding of the critical role played by aerosols in both the climate and environment. Finally, a perspective on future research is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangao Xia
- LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongrong Shi
- LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pucai Wang
- LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Phillipe Goloub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 - LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Brent Holben
- Biospheric Sciences Branch, Code 923, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Randles CA, Da Silva AM, Buchard V, Colarco PR, Darmenov A, Govindaraju R, Smirnov A, Holben B, Ferrare R, Hair J, Shinozuka Y, Flynn CJ. The MERRA-2 Aerosol Reanalysis, 1980 - onward, Part I: System Description and Data Assimilation Evaluation. J Clim 2017; 30:6823-6850. [PMID: 29576684 PMCID: PMC5859955 DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-16-0609.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) updates NASA's previous satellite era (1980 - onward) reanalysis system to include additional observations and improvements to the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5) Earth system model. As a major step towards a full Integrated Earth Systems Analysis (IESA), in addition to meteorological observations, MERRA-2 now includes assimilation of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from various ground- and space-based remote sensing platforms. Here, in the first of a pair of studies, we document the MERRA-2 aerosol assimilation, including a description of the prognostic model (GEOS-5 coupled to the GOCART aerosol module), aerosol emissions, and the quality control of ingested observations. We provide initial validation and evaluation of the analyzed AOD fields using independent observations from ground, aircraft, and shipborne instruments. We demonstrate the positive impact of the AOD assimilation on simulated aerosols by comparing MERRA-2 aerosol fields to an identical control simulation that does not include AOD assimilation. Having shown the AOD evaluation, we take a first look at aerosol-climate interactions by examining the shortwave, clear-sky aerosol direct radiative effect. In our companion paper, we evaluate and validate available MERRA-2 aerosol properties not directly impacted by the AOD assimilation (e.g. aerosol vertical distribution and absorption). Importantly, while highlighting the skill of the MERRA-2 aerosol assimilation products, both studies point out caveats that must be considered when using this new reanalysis product for future studies of aerosols and their interactions with weather and climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Randles
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Corresponding author address: C. A. Randles, 1545 US-22, Clinton, NJ, 08801,
| | - A. M. Da Silva
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - V. Buchard
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- GESTAR/Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - P. R. Colarco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - A. Darmenov
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - R. Govindaraju
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA
| | - A. Smirnov
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA
- NASA Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - B. Holben
- NASA Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - R. Ferrare
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - J. Hair
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Y. Shinozuka
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, California, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center Cooperative for Research in Earth Science and Technology, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - C. J. Flynn
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tan F, Lim HS, Abdullah K, Holben B. Estimation of aerosol optical depth at different wavelengths by multiple regression method. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:2735-2748. [PMID: 26438373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate and establish a suitable model that can help to estimate aerosol optical depth (AOD) in order to monitor aerosol variations especially during non-retrieval time. The relationship between actual ground measurements (such as air pollution index, visibility, relative humidity, temperature, and pressure) and AOD obtained with a CIMEL sun photometer was determined through a series of statistical procedures to produce an AOD prediction model with reasonable accuracy. The AOD prediction model calibrated for each wavelength has a set of coefficients. The model was validated using a set of statistical tests. The validated model was then employed to calculate AOD at different wavelengths. The results show that the proposed model successfully predicted AOD at each studied wavelength ranging from 340 nm to 1020 nm. To illustrate the application of the model, the aerosol size determined using measure AOD data for Penang was compared with that determined using the model. This was done by examining the curvature in the ln [AOD]-ln [wavelength] plot. Consistency was obtained when it was concluded that Penang was dominated by fine mode aerosol in 2012 and 2013 using both measured and predicted AOD data. These results indicate that the proposed AOD prediction model using routine measurements as input is a promising tool for the regular monitoring of aerosol variation during non-retrieval time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Tan
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Hwee San Lim
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Khiruddin Abdullah
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Brent Holben
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Verma S, Payra S, Gautam R, Prakash D, Soni M, Holben B, Bell S. Dust events and their influence on aerosol optical properties over Jaipur in Northwestern India. Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:7327-42. [PMID: 23397540 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically document the link between dust episodes and local scale regional aerosol optical properties over Jaipur located in the vicinity of Thar Desert in the northwestern state of Rajasthan. The seasonal variation of AOT(500 nm) (aerosol optical thickness) shows high values (0.51 ± 0.18) during pre-monsoon (dust dominant) season while low values (0.36 ± 0.14) are exhibited during winter. The Ångström wavelength exponent has been found to exhibit low value (<0.25) indicating relative dominance of coarse-mode particles during pre-monsoon season. The AOT increased from 0.36 (Aprilmean) to 0.575 (May-June(mean)). Consequently, volume concentration range increases from April through May-June followed by a sharp decline in July during the first active phase of the monsoon. Significantly high dust storms were observed over Jaipur as indicated by high values of single scattering albedo (SSA(440 nm) = 0.89, SSA(675 nm) = 0.95, SSA870 nm = 0.97, SSA(1,020 nm) = 0.976) than the previously reported values over IGP region sites. The larger SSA values (more scattering aerosol), especially at longer wavelengths, is due to the abundant dust loading, and is attributed to the measurement site's proximity to the Thar Desert. The mean and standard deviation in SSA and asymmetry parameter during pre-monsoon season over Jaipur is 0.938 ± 0.023 and 0.712 ± 0.017 at 675 nm wavelength, respectively. Back-trajectory air mass simulations suggest Thar Desert in northwestern India as the primary source of high aerosols dust loading over Jaipur region as well as contribution by long-range transport from the Arabian Peninsula and Middle East gulf regions, during pre-monsoon season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Verma
- Centre of Excellence in Climatology, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Extension Centre Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017 Rajasthan, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Z, Li C, Chen H, Tsay SC, Holben B, Huang J, Li B, Maring H, Qian Y, Shi G, Xia X, Yin Y, Zheng Y, Zhuang G. East Asian Studies of Tropospheric Aerosols and their Impact on Regional Climate (EAST-AIRC): An overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
8
|
Artaxo P, Rizzo LV, Paixão M, de Lucca S, Oliveira PH, Lara LL, Wiedemann KT, Andreae MO, Holben B, Schafer J, Correia AL, Pauliquevis TM. Aerosol particles in Amazonia: Their composition, role in the radiation balance, cloud formation, and nutrient cycles. Amazonia and Global Change 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008gm000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
|
9
|
Xia X, Li Z, Holben B, Wang P, Eck T, Chen H, Cribb M, Zhao Y. Aerosol optical properties and radiative effects in the Yangtze Delta region of China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Li Z, Chen H, Cribb M, Dickerson R, Holben B, Li C, Lu D, Luo Y, Maring H, Shi G, Tsay SC, Wang P, Wang Y, Xia X, Zheng Y, Yuan T, Zhao F. Preface to special section on East Asian Studies of Tropospheric Aerosols: An International Regional Experiment (EAST-AIRE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Li Z, Xia X, Cribb M, Mi W, Holben B, Wang P, Chen H, Tsay SC, Eck TF, Zhao F, Dutton EG, Dickerson RE. Aerosol optical properties and their radiative effects in northern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Mi W, Li Z, Xia X, Holben B, Levy R, Zhao F, Chen H, Cribb M. Evaluation of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol products at two Aerosol Robotic Network stations in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Zibordi G, Holben B, Hooker SB, Mélin F, Berthon JF, Slutsker I, Giles D, Vandemark D, Feng H, Rutledge K, Schuster G, Al Mandoos A. A network for standardized ocean color validation measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006eo300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Schmid B, Ferrare R, Flynn C, Elleman R, Covert D, Strawa A, Welton E, Turner D, Jonsson H, Redemann J, Eilers J, Ricci K, Hallar AG, Clayton M, Michalsky J, Smirnov A, Holben B, Barnard J. How well do state-of-the-art techniques measuring the vertical profile of tropospheric aerosol extinction compare? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kanpur India
| | - Sagnik Dey
- Department of Civil Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kanpur India
| | - S. N. Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kanpur India
| | - Vinod Tare
- Department of Civil Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kanpur India
| | - Brent Holben
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chin M, Chu A, Levy R, Remer L, Kaufman Y, Holben B, Eck T, Ginoux P, Gao Q. Aerosol distribution in the Northern Hemisphere during ACE-Asia: Results from global model, satellite observations, and Sun photometer measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Chin
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Allen Chu
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Robert Levy
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science System and Applications, Inc.; Lanham Maryland USA
| | - Lorraine Remer
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Yoram Kaufman
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Brent Holben
- Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Tom Eck
- Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Paul Ginoux
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Qingxian Gao
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Science; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sato M, Hansen J, Koch D, Lacis A, Ruedy R, Dubovik O, Holben B, Chin M, Novakov T. Global atmospheric black carbon inferred from AERONET. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:6319-24. [PMID: 12746494 PMCID: PMC164444 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0731897100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AERONET, a network of well calibrated sunphotometers, provides data on aerosol optical depth and absorption optical depth at >250 sites around the world. The spectral range of AERONET allows discrimination between constituents that absorb most strongly in the UV region, such as soil dust and organic carbon, and the more ubiquitously absorbing black carbon (BC). AERONET locations, primarily continental, are not representative of the global mean, but they can be used to calibrate global aerosol climatologies produced by tracer transport models. We find that the amount of BC in current climatologies must be increased by a factor of 2-4 to yield best agreement with AERONET, in the approximation in which BC is externally mixed with other aerosols. The inferred climate forcing by BC, regardless of whether it is internally or externally mixed, is approximately 1 W/m2, most of which is probably anthropogenic. This positive forcing (warming) by BC must substantially counterbalance cooling by anthropogenic reflective aerosols. Thus, especially if reflective aerosols such as sulfates are reduced, it is important to reduce BC to minimize global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Sato
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Haywood J, Francis P, Dubovik O, Glew M, Holben B. Comparison of aerosol size distributions, radiative properties, and optical depths determined by aircraft observations and Sun photometers during SAFARI 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oleg Dubovik
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | | | - Brent Holben
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ramanathan V, Crutzen PJ, Lelieveld J, Mitra AP, Althausen D, Anderson J, Andreae MO, Cantrell W, Cass GR, Chung CE, Clarke AD, Coakley JA, Collins WD, Conant WC, Dulac F, Heintzenberg J, Heymsfield AJ, Holben B, Howell S, Hudson J, Jayaraman A, Kiehl JT, Krishnamurti TN, Lubin D, McFarquhar G, Novakov T, Ogren JA, Podgorny IA, Prather K, Priestley K, Prospero JM, Quinn PK, Rajeev K, Rasch P, Rupert S, Sadourny R, Satheesh SK, Shaw GE, Sheridan P, Valero FPJ. Indian Ocean Experiment: An integrated analysis of the climate forcing and effects of the great Indo-Asian haze. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1054] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Ginoux P, Chin M, Tegen I, Prospero JM, Holben B, Dubovik O, Lin SJ. Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the GOCART model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1398] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
21
|
Christopher SA, Li X, Welch RM, Reid JS, Hobbs PV, Eck TF, Holben B. Estimation of Surface and Top-of-Atmosphere Shortwave Irradiance in Biomass-Burning Regions during SCAR-B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450-39.10.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Using in situ measurements of aerosol optical properties and ground-based measurements of aerosol optical thickness (τs) during the Smoke, Clouds and Radiation—Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment, a four-stream broadband radiative transfer model is used to estimate the downward shortwave irradiance (DSWI) and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (SWARF) in cloud-free regions dominated by smoke from biomass burning in Brazil. The calculated DSWI values are compared with broadband pyranometer measurements made at the surface. The results show that, for two days when near-coincident measurements of single-scattering albedo ω0 and τs are available, the root-mean-square errors between the measured and calculated DSWI for daytime data are within 30 W m−2. For five days during SCAR-B, however, when assumptions about ω0 have to be made and also when τs was significantly higher, the differences can be as large as 100 W m−2. At TOA, the SWARF per unit optical thickness ranges from −20 to −60 W m−2 over four major ecosystems in South America. The results show that τs and ω0 are the two most important parameters that affect DSWI calculations. For SWARF values, surface albedos also play an important role. It is shown that ω0 must be known within 0.05 and τs at 0.55 μm must be known to within 0.1 to estimate DSWI to within 20 W m−2. The methodology described in this paper could serve as a potential strategy for determining DSWI values in the presence of aerosols. The wavelength dependence of τs and ω0 over the entire shortwave spectrum is needed to improve radiative transfer calculations. If global retrievals of DSWI and SWARF from satellite measurements are to be performed in the presence of biomass-burning aerosols on a routine basis, a concerted effort should be made to develop methodologies for estimating ω0 and τs from satellite and ground-based measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundar A. Christopher
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Ronald M. Welch
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Jeffrey S. Reid
- Atmospheric Propagation Branch-D858 Branch, Space and Naval Warfare System Center, San Diego, California
| | - Peter V. Hobbs
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas F. Eck
- Raytheon Corporation, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
| | - Brent Holben
- Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ferrare R, Ismail S, Browell E, Brackett V, Clayton M, Kooi S, Melfi SH, Whiteman D, Schwemmer G, Evans K, Russell P, Livingston J, Schmid B, Holben B, Remer L, Smirnov A, Hobbs PV. Comparison of aerosol optical properties and water vapor among ground and airborne lidars and Sun photometers during TARFOX. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
23
|
Reid JS, Eck TF, Christopher SA, Hobbs PV, Holben B. Use of the Ångstrom exponent to estimate the variability of optical and physical properties of aging smoke particles in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Echalar F, Artaxo P, Martins JV, Yamasoe M, Gerab F, Maenhaut W, Holben B. Long-term monitoring of atmospheric aerosols in the Amazon Basin: Source identification and apportionment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Ross JL, Hobbs PV, Holben B. Radiative characteristics of regional hazes dominated by smoke from biomass burning in Brazil: Closure tests and direct radiative forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Nakajima T, Tonna G, Rao R, Boi P, Kaufman Y, Holben B. Use of sky brightness measurements from ground for remote sensing of particulate polydispersions. Appl Opt 1996; 35:2672-86. [PMID: 21085415 DOI: 10.1364/ao.35.002672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The software code SKYEAD.pack for retrieval of aerosol size distribution and optical thickness from data of direct and diffuse solar radiation is described; measurements are carried out with sky radiometers in the wavelength range 0.369-1.048 µm. The treatment of the radiative transfer problem concerning the optical quantities is mainly based on the IMS (improved multiple and single scattering) method, which uses the delta-M approximation for the truncation of the aerosol phase function and corrects the solution for the first- and second-order scattering. Both linear and nonlinear inversion methods can be used for retrieving the size distribution. Improved calibration methods for both direct and diffuse radiation, the data-analysis procedure, the results from the proposed code, and several connected problems are discussed. The results can be summarized as follows: (a) the SKYRAD.pack code can retrieve the columnar aerosol features with accuracy and efficiency in several environmental situations, provided the input parameters are correctly given; (b) when data of both direct and diffuse solar radiation are used, the detectable radius interval for aerosol particles is approximately from 0.03 to 10 µm; (c) besides the retrieval of the aerosol features, the data-analysis procedure also permits the determination of average values for three input parameters (real and imaginary aerosol refractive index, ground albedo) from the optical data; (d) absolute calibrations for the sky radiometer are not needed, and calibrations for direct and diffuse radiation can be carried out with field data; (e) the nonlinear inversion gives satisfactory results in a larger radius interval, without the unrealistic humps that occur with the linear inversion, but the results strongly depend on the first-guess spectrum; (f) aerosol features retrieved from simulated data showed a better agreement with the given data for the linear inversion than for the nonlinear inversion.
Collapse
|