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Liang Y, Che H, Zhang X, Li L, Gui K, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Zhao H, Zhang P, Zhang X. Columnar optical-radiative properties and components of aerosols in the Arctic summer from long-term AERONET measurements. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169052. [PMID: 38061640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols as an external factor have an important role in the amplification of Arctic warming, yet the geography of this harsh region has led to a paucity of observations, which has limited our understanding of the Arctic climate. We synthesized the latest decade (2010-2021) of data on the microphysical-optical-radiative properties of aerosols and their multi-component evolution during the Arctic summer, taking into consideration the important role of wildfire burning. Our results are based on continuous observations from eight AERONET sites across the Arctic region, together with a meteorological reanalysis dataset and satellite observations of fires, and utilize a back-trajectory model to track the source of the aerosols. The summer climatological characteristics within the Arctic Circle showed that the aerosols are mainly fine-mode aerosols (fraction >0.95) with a radius of 0.15-0.20 μm, a slight extinction ability (aerosol optical depth ∼ 0.11) with strong scattering (single scattering albedo ∼0.95) and dominant forward scattering (asymmetry factor ∼ 0.68). These optical properties result in significant cooling at the Earth's surface (∼-13 W m-2) and a weak cooling effect at the top of the atmosphere (∼-5 W m-2). Further, we found that Arctic region is severely impacted by wildfire burning events in July and August, which primarily occur in central and eastern Siberia and followed in subpolar North America. The plumes from wildfire transport aerosols to the Arctic atmosphere with the westerly circulation, leading to an increase in fine-mode aerosols containing large amounts of organic carbon, with fraction as high as 97-98 %. Absorptive carbonaceous aerosols also increase synergistically, which could convert the instantaneous direct aerosol radiative effect into a heating effect on the Earth-atmosphere system. This study provides insights into the complex sources of aerosol loading in the Arctic atmosphere in summer and emphasizes the important impacts of the increasingly frequent occurrence of wildfire burning events in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Liang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xindan Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xutao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hengheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites (LRCVES), FengYun Meteorological Satellite Innovation Center (FY-MSIC), National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhou Z, Li D, Zhao Z, Shi S, Wu J, Li J, Zhang J, Gui K, Zhang Y, Ouyang Q, Mei H, Hu Y, Li F. Dynamical modelling of viral infection and cooperative immune protection in COVID-19 patients. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011383. [PMID: 37656752 PMCID: PMC10501599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Once challenged by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the human host immune system triggers a dynamic process against infection. We constructed a mathematical model to describe host innate and adaptive immune response to viral challenge. Based on the dynamic properties of viral load and immune response, we classified the resulting dynamics into four modes, reflecting increasing severity of COVID-19 disease. We found the numerical product of immune system's ability to clear the virus and to kill the infected cells, namely immune efficacy, to be predictive of disease severity. We also investigated vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results suggested that immune efficacy based on memory T cells and neutralizing antibody titers could be used to predict population vaccine protection rates. Finally, we analyzed infection dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants within the construct of our mathematical model. Overall, our results provide a systematic framework for understanding the dynamics of host response upon challenge by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this framework can be used to predict vaccine protection and perform clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Zhou
- School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dianjie Li
- School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziheng Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Shi
- Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhang
- School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Gui
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ouyang
- School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangting Li
- School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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3
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Gui K, Che H, Yao W, Zheng Y, Li L, An L, Wang H, Wang Y, Wang Z, Ren H, Sun J, Li J, Zhang X. Quantifying the contribution of local drivers to observed weakening of spring dust storm frequency over northern China (1982-2017). Sci Total Environ 2023:164923. [PMID: 37343868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that spring dust storm (SDS) events in northern China (NC) have exhibited substantial decline over the past 30 years. However, it is unclear which local factors are most responsible for the decline in SDS events, and the contribution of each dominant factor remains to be determined. This study utilized high-density DS records and collocated homogenized surface meteorological observations from 1982 to 2017, in conjunction with land surface products, to examine the local drivers that influence the long-term variation in SDS frequency (SDSF) over the entire NC area and its three dust-source areas: northwestern China (NWC), north-central China (NCC), and northeastern China (NEC). Results indicated that the observed SDSF averaged over NC, NWC, NCC, and NEC has decreased by 144.4 %, 109.3 %, 166.4 %, and 92.2 %, respectively, during 1982-2017. The variation in SDSF is largely explained by variation in wind speed (WS), precipitation, volumetric soil moisture, and surface bareness. A multivariable linear regression model incorporating these local drivers accounted for 81.0 %, 74.0 %, and 46.9 % of the variance in SDSF in NWC, NCC, and NEC, respectively. Statistical analyses on the local drivers suggested that weakening of WS was the dominant factor in the reduction in SDSF over recent decades, contributing 76.9 %, 54.7 %, and 33.6 % of the variation in NWC, NCC, and NEC, respectively. More importantly, we revealed that the interannual variation in regional SDSF was not only controlled by local drivers, but also influenced by cross-regional transport of dust aerosols emitted from upstream source areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wenrui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Linchang An
- National Meteorological Center, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongli Ren
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Liang Y, Gui K, Che H, Li L, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang P, Zhang X. Changes in aerosol loading before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in China: Effects of anthropogenic and natural aerosol. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159435. [PMID: 36244490 PMCID: PMC9558773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions reduced sharply in the short-term during the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). As COVID-19 is still ongoing, changes in atmospheric aerosol loading over China and the factors of their variations remain unclear. In this study, we used multi-source satellite observations and reanalysis datasets to synergistically analyze the spring (February-May) evolution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) for multiple aerosol types over Eastern China (EC) before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown period. Regional meteorological effects and the radiative response were also quantitatively assessed. Compared to the same period before COVID-19 (i.e., in 2019), a total decrease of -14.6 % in tropospheric TROPOMI nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and a decrease of -6.8 % in MODIS AOD were observed over EC during the lockdown period (i.e., in 2020). After the lockdown period (i.e., in 2021), anthropogenic emissions returned to previous levels and there was a slight increase (+2.3 %) in AOD over EC. Moreover, changes in aerosol loading have spatial differences. AOD decreased significantly in the North China Plain (-14.0 %, NCP) and Yangtze River Delta (-9.4 %) regions, where anthropogenic aerosol dominated the aerosol loading. Impacted by strong wildfires in Southeast Asia during the lockdown period, carbonaceous AOD increased by +9.1 % in South China, which partially offset the emission reductions. Extreme dust storms swept through the northern region in the period after COVID-19, with an increase of +23.5 % in NCP and + 42.9 % in Northeast China (NEC) for dust AOD. However, unfavorable meteorological conditions overwhelmed the benefits of emission reductions, resulting in a +20.1 % increase in AOD in NEC during the lockdown period. Furthermore, the downward shortwave radiative flux showed a positive anomaly due to the reduced aerosol loading in the atmosphere during the lockdown period. This study highlights that we can benefit from short-term controls for the improvement of air pollution, but we also need to seriously considered the cross-regional transport of natural aerosol and meteorological drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xutao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xindan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites (LRCVES), FengYun Meteorological Satellite Innovation Center (FY-MSIC), National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Yao W, Gui K, Zheng Y, Li L, Wang Y, Che H, Zhang X. Seasonal cycles and long-term trends of arctic tropospheric aerosols based on CALIPSO lidar observations. Environ Res 2023; 216:114613. [PMID: 36272597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Notable warming trends have been observed in the Arctic, with tropospheric aerosols being one of the key drivers. Here the seasonal cycles of three-dimensional (3D) distributions of aerosol extinction coefficients (AECs) and frequency of occurrences (FoOs) for different aerosol subtypes in the troposphere over the Arctic from 2007 to 2019 are characterized capitalizing on Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) Level-3 gridded aerosol profile product. Seasonal contributions of total and type-dependent aerosols through their partitioning within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and free troposphere (FT) are also quantified utilizing the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) PBL height data. The results show substantial seasonal and geographical dependence in the distribution of aerosols over the Arctic. Sulfate, black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC) contribute most of the total AEC, with Eurasia being the largest contributor. The vertical structure of AECs and FoOs over the Arctic demonstrates that the vertical influence of aerosols is higher in eastern Siberia and North America than in northern Eurasia and its coasts. When the total aerosol optical depth (TAOD) is partitioned into the PBL and FT, results indicate that the contributions of TAOD within the FT tend to be more significant, especially in summer, with the FT contributes 64.2% and 69.2% of TAOD over the lower (i.e., 60° N-70° N) and high (i.e., north of 70° N) Arctic, respectively. Additionally, seasonal trend analyses suggest Arctic TAOD exhibits a multi-year negative trend in winter, spring, and autumn and a positive trend in summer during 2007-2019, due to an overall decrease in sulfate from weakened anthropogenic emissions and a significant increase in BC and OC from enhanced biomass burning activities. Overall, this study has potential implications for understanding the seasonal cycles and trends in Arctic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Zhang L, He J, Gong S, Guo X, Zhao T, Che H, Wang H, Zhou C, Mo J, Gui K, Zheng Y, Li L, Zhong J, Zhang X. Modeling study on the roles of the deposition and transport of PM 2.5 in air quality changes over central-eastern China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:535-544. [PMID: 36522012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The role of PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 µm) deposition in air quality changes over China remains unclear. By using the three-year (2013, 2015, and 2017) simulation results of the WRF/CUACE v1.0 model from a previous work (Zhang et al., 2021), a non-linear relationship between the deposition of PM2.5 and anthropogenic emissions over central-eastern China in cold seasons as well as in different life stages of haze events was unraveled. PM2.5 deposition is spatially distributed differently from PM2.5 concentrations and anthropogenic emissions over China. The North China Plain (NCP) is typically characterized by higher anthropogenic emissions compared to southern China, such as the middle-low reaches of Yangtze River (MLYR), which includes parts of the Yangtze River Delta and the Midwest. However, PM2.5 deposition in the NCP is significantly lower than that in the MLYR region, suggesting that in addition to meteorology and emissions, lower deposition is another important factor in the increase in haze levels. Regional transport of pollution in central-eastern China acts as a moderator of pollution levels in different regions, for example by bringing pollution from the NCP to the MLYR region in cold seasons. It was found that in typical haze events the deposition flux of PM2.5 during the removal stages is substantially higher than that in accumulation stages, with most of the PM2.5 being transported southward and deposited to the MLYR and Sichuan Basin region, corresponding to a latitude range of about 24°N-31°N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jianjun He
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sunling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China; Weather Modification Office of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Climate and Weather Disasters Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingyue Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhang L, He J, Gong S, Guo X, Zhao T, Zhou C, Wang H, Mo J, Gui K, Zheng Y, Shan Y, Zhong J, Li L, Lei Y, Che H. Effect of vegetation seasonal cycle alterations to aerosol dry deposition on PM 2.5 concentrations in China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 828:154211. [PMID: 35240184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of vegetation seasonal cycle alterations to aerosol dry deposition on PM2.5 concentrations (hereafter referred as the VSC effect) in China was investigated using a numerical modelling system (WRF/CUACE). Two simulation experiments using the vegetation parameters in particle dry deposition schemes typical for January and July revealed an absolute increase in surface PM2.5 concentrations of about 2.4 μg/m3 and a 5.5% relative increase in China (within model domain 2). The effect in non-urban areas was more significant than that in urban areas. The increases in PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD), Sichuan Basin (SCB), and Central China (CC) were calculated as 1.9 μg/m3, 3.4 μg/m3, 3.1 μg/m3, 4.3 μg/m3, and 4.9 μg/m3, respectively, corresponding to relative increases of 2.9%, 4.5%, 5.4%, 5.8%, and 5.9%. These results demonstrate that the effect of decreased particle dry deposition due to reduced vegetation in southern areas was stronger, which was partially attributed to the increased vegetation cover and more significant seasonal changes in those regions. Furthermore, the increased PM2.5 concentrations caused by the VSC effect were transported from north to south via the winter northerly winds, which weakened the effect in North China Plain and enhanced the effect in parts of central and southern China, such as the south of CC. Although the surface PM2.5 concentration was relatively high in North China Plain, the effects of the northerly wind and relatively small dry deposition velocity meant that the removal of PM2.5 in that region was relatively less than in southern areas of China. These results will contribute to understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PM2.5 enhancement during winter in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianjun He
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sunling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Weather Modification Office of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China; Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Climate and Weather Disasters Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Chunhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingyue Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunpeng Shan
- Environment and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Junting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yadong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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8
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Zhang X, Li L, Chen C, Zheng Y, Dubovik O, Derimian Y, Lopatin A, Gui K, Wang Y, Zhao H, Liang Y, Holben B, Che H, Zhang X. Extensive characterization of aerosol optical properties and chemical component concentrations: Application of the GRASP/Component approach to long-term AERONET measurements. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:152553. [PMID: 34952070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed GRASP/Component approach (GRASP: Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties) was applied to AERONET (Aeronet Robotic Network) sun photometer measurements in this study. Unlike traditional aerosol component retrieval, this approach allows the inference of some information about aerosol composition directly from measured radiance, rather than indirectly through the inversion of optical parameters, and has been integrated into the GRASP algorithm. The newly developed GRASP/Component approach was applied to 13 AERONET sites for different aerosol types under the assumption of aerosol internal mixing rules to analyze the characteristics of aerosol components and their distribution patterns. The results indicate that the retrievals can characterize well the spatial and temporal variability of the component concentration for different aerosol types. A reasonable agreement between GRASP BC retrievals and MERRA-2 BC products is found for all different aerosol types. In addition, the relationships between aerosol component content and aerosol optical parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), fine-mode fraction (FMF), absorption Ångström exponent (AAE), scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), and single scattering albedo (SSA) are also analyzed for indirect verifying the reliability of the component retrieval. It was demonstrated the GRASP/Component optical retrievals are in good agreement with AERONET standard products [e.g., correlation coefficient (R) of 0.93-1.0 for AOD, fine-mode AOD (AODF), coarse-mode AOD (AODC) and Ångström exponent (AE); R = ~ 0.8 for absorption AOD (AAOD) and SSA; RMSE (root mean square error) < 0.03 for AOD, AODF, AODC, AAOD and SSA]. Thus, it is demonstrated the GRASP/Component approach can provide aerosol optical products with comparable accuracy as the AERONET standard products from the ground-based sun photometer measurements as well as some additional important inside on aerosol composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 - LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, 59000 Lille, France; GRASP-SAS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Oleg Dubovik
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 - LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Yevgeny Derimian
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 - LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hujia Zhao
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Brent Holben
- Biospheric Sciences Branch, Code 923, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhong J, Zhang X, Gui K, Wang Y, Che H, Shen X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Sun J, Zhang W. Robust prediction of hourly PM 2.5 from meteorological data using LightGBM. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwaa307. [PMID: 34858602 PMCID: PMC8566180 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrieving historical fine particulate matter (PM2.5) data is key for evaluating the long-term impacts of PM2.5 on the environment, human health and climate change. Satellite-based aerosol optical depth has been used to estimate PM2.5, but estimations have largely been undermined by massive missing values, low sampling frequency and weak predictive capability. Here, using a novel feature engineering approach to incorporate spatial effects from meteorological data, we developed a robust LightGBM model that predicts PM2.5 at an unprecedented predictive capacity on hourly (R2 = 0.75), daily (R2 = 0.84), monthly (R2 = 0.88) and annual (R2 = 0.87) timescales. By taking advantage of spatial features, our model can also construct hourly gridded networks of PM2.5. This capability would be further enhanced if meteorological observations from regional stations were incorporated. Our results show that this model has great potential in reconstructing historical PM2.5 datasets and real-time gridded networks at high spatial-temporal resolutions. The resulting datasets can be assimilated into models to produce long-term re-analysis that incorporates interactions between aerosols and physical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaojing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yangmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Gui K, Che H, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhao H, Li L, Zhong J, Yao W, Zhang X. Seasonal variability and trends in global type-segregated aerosol optical depth as revealed by MISR satellite observations. Sci Total Environ 2021; 787:147543. [PMID: 34000526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized a long-term (2001-2018) aerosol optical component dataset retrieved from the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), Version 23, to perform comprehensive analyses of the global climatology of seasonal AODs, partitioned by aerosol types (including small-size, medium-size, large-size, spherical, and non-spherical). By dividing eight different AOD bins and performing trend analysis, the seasonal variability and trends in these type-segregated AODs, as well as in the frequency occurrences (FOs) for different AOD bins, globally and over 12 regions of interest, were also investigated. In terms of particle size, small-size aerosol particles (diameter < 0.7 μm) contribute the largest to global extinction in all three seasons except winter. A similar globally dominant role is exhibited by spherical aerosols, which contribute 68.5%, 73.3%, 71.6% and 70.2% to the global total AOD (TAOD) in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, on a global average scale. FOs with different aerosol loading levels suggested that the seasonal FOs tend to decrease progressively with increasing aerosol loading, except for Level 1 (TAOD< 0.05). Examination of the seasonal distribution of FOs revealed that the FO at Level 1 (Level 2, 0.05 < TAOD< 0.15) is much larger in summer/winter (winter/autumn) than in spring/autumn (spring/summer) over most areas of the world. However, the FOs for Level 3 (0.15 < TAOD< 0.25) to Level 8 (TAOD> 1.0) generally exhibit greater intensity in spring/summer than in autumn/winter. Temporal trend analyses showed that the seasonal TAOD experiences a significant decline during 2001-2018 in most regions globally, except in South Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. Opposite seasonal trends in the above regions are closely related to the increase in FOs in the range of 0.4 < TAOD< 1.0. The global average TAOD shows the most pronounced decline in spring, falling by -10.4% (P < 0.05). Examination of the trends in type-segregated AODs further revealed that the decreases in size-segregated (shape-segregated) AODs all contribute to the decrease in seasonal TAOD, with small-size AOD (spherical AOD) contributing most significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hujia Zhao
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenrui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Zhao H, Gui K, Ma Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Zheng Y, Li L, Zhang L, Che H, Zhang X. Climatology and trends of aerosol optical depth with different particle size and shape in northeast China from 2001 to 2018. Sci Total Environ 2021; 763:142979. [PMID: 33498120 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol generated from the economic development and extensive urbanization in northeast China (NEC) could influence aerosol optical properties and affect the regional air quality. The level 3 aerosol optical depth (AOD) of different particle size and shape (spherical or nonspherical) obtained by Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) version 23 were used to estimate their seasonal, annual, and decadal distribution and contribution in NEC from 2001 to 2018. The highest AOD of approximately 0.3 was found in the central Liaoning urban agglomeration, and the lowest AOD occurred in the mountainous area of NEC; the proportion of spherical AOD in NEC region was more than 90%. The contribution of large AOD was higher in spring, ranging from 28.8% to 29.8%. In spring and summer, small and medium AODs were concentrated in central Liaoning (approximately 0.2-0.3 and 0.06-0.08, respectively). The annual variation in the AOD of different particle size was significantly higher in Liaoning than in Jilin and Heilongjiang. The annual proportions of small and spherical AODs were approximately 60% and 90%, respectively. The annual occurrence of clean conditions with AOD < 0.05 was most common in northern Heilongjiang (approximately 20%). In NEC, the annual occurrence frequencies of 0.05 < AOD < 0.15 and AOD > 0.6 were the highest (approximately 50%) and the lowest (less than 1%), respectively. Interdecadal AOD revealed a positive trend from 2001 to 2008 and a negative trend from 2009 to 2018. The frequency of occurrence trend at different AOD levels also changed from positive to negative between these two periods. The findings in this study are based on the first aerosol retrieval of the newly released MISR in NEC. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of the regional and climatological aerosol extinction with different AOD of size and shape as well as various level bins in NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hujia Zhao
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China.
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanjun Ma
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Yangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), CMA, Beijing 100081, China
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12
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Zhang X, Gui K, Liao T, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Ning H, Liu W, Xu J. Three-dimensional spatiotemporal evolution of wildfire-induced smoke aerosols: A case study from Liangshan, Southwest China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 762:144586. [PMID: 33373748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous aerosols and gaseous pollutants emitted from wildfires play a crucial role in both the global climate system and regional air quality. Here, using multisource satellite and ground-based observations combined with reanalysis data, we investigate the three-dimensional evolution of biomass-burning emissions from a forest wildfire event in Liangshan, Southwest China, which occurred from 29 March to 1 April 2020. The meteorological field analysis showed that the negative anomaly of relative humidity and precipitation, as well as the positive anomaly of near-surface wind speed, created favourable conditions for the occurrence and spread of this wildfire event. During the fire, satellite observations suggested a maximum fire radiation power of over 100 MW. In addition, there were significant short-term effects of fire activity on regional air quality, with downwind surface PM2.5 concentrations at the Xichang site reaching a maximum of approximately 470 μg·m -3 on March 31. Driven by a southwesterly airflow, large amounts of smoke aerosols were transported rapidly to downstream areas, significantly deteriorating air quality, with the maximum value of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) exceeding 2. Moreover, the quantitative evaluation based on Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis showed that the instantaneous maximum values of the column mass concentration of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) reached 9.8 g·m-2 and 1.8 g·m-2 during the fire respectively. Further analysis suggested that the interaction between the lower and upper atmosphere constrained the smoke aerosols to altitudes below approximately 5 km, which was also supported by the vertical distribution of elevated smoke aerosols observed by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Zhang
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tingting Liao
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China.
| | - Yingfang Li
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Huiqiong Ning
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
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Zhong J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Shen X, Sun J, Zhang L, Gui K, Ren S, Zhao H, Li Y, Gao Z. Drivers of the rapid rise and daily-based accumulation in PM 1. Sci Total Environ 2021; 760:143394. [PMID: 33221018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Submicron particle matter (PM1) that rapidly reaches exceedingly high levels in several or more hours in the North China Plain (NCP) has been threating~400 million individuals' health for decades. The precise cause of the rapid rise in PM1 remains uncertain. Based on sophisticated measurements in PM1 characterizations and corresponding boundary-layer (BL) meteorology in the NCP, it demonstrates that this rising is mainly driven by BL meteorological variability. Large increases in near-ground inversions and decreases in vertical heat/momentum fluxes during the day-night transition result in a significant reduction in mixing space. The PM1 that is vertically distributed before accumulates at the near-ground and then experiences a rapid rise. Besides meteorological variability, a part of the rise in organics is ascribed to an increase of coal combustion at midnight. The daily-based accumulation of PM1 is attributed to day-to-day vertical meteorological variability, particularly diminishing mixing layer height exacerbated by aerosol-radiation feedback. Resolved by a multiple linear regression model, BL meteorological variability can explain 71% variances of PM1. In contrast, secondary chemical reactions facilitate the daily-based accumulation of PM1 rather than the rapid rise. Our results show that BL meteorological variability plays a dominant role in PM1 rising and day-to-day accumulation, which is crucial for understanding the mechanism of heavy pollution formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, IUE, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yangmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhouxiang Zhang
- Hubei Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaojing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sanxue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huarong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhiqiu Gao
- Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhao H, Che H, Zhang L, Gui K, Ma Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Zheng Y, Zhang X. How aerosol transport from the North China plain contributes to air quality in northeast China. Sci Total Environ 2020; 738:139555. [PMID: 32534280 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Northeast China (NEC) has unique climate characteristics and emission sources; continued urbanisation has aggravated regional pollution. The in situ observation data concerning PM2.5, visibility, surface meteorological elements and synchronous aerosol vertical extinction profiles obtained from ground-based Lidar were investigated to better understand local and regional particulate pollution in NEC. The WRF (3.7.1)/CAMx (6.40) model was employed to quantitative investigate the contribution of regional transport to PM2.5 in Shenyang. The results suggested that PM2.5 increased significantly from 9 to 14 January over NEC and the Northern China (NC), with monthly PM2.5 highest in Shijiazhuang and Baoding of NC about 145.2 ± 88.9 and 136.8 ± 83.1 μg m-3, respectively. The distribution of SO2 and NO2 for PM2.5 implied SO2 was more influence on PM2.5 in NEC, while NO2 has larger impact on PM2.5 in NC. The significant increasing of relative humidity (RH) and temperatures exhibited in the pollution indicate water vapor and warm air flow during the transport. The development of the southwest airflow was conducive to pollutant transport across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (or Jing-Jin-Ji) megalopolis to NEC, and together with the local emissions in NEC to affect air quality. The modelling results pointed out that contribution of regional transport to PM2.5 in Shenyang was about 80.12% at 00:00 LT in 10 January, of which the contribution of BTH was about 61.52%; the total regional contribution to PM2.5 in Shenyang reaching 60.70% at 02:00 LT on 13 January including 34.56% contributed by BTH region. Aerosol vertical extinction indicated the particle layer appeared in the near-surface and in the upper atmospheric layer from 0.5 to 1.0 km following the development of transport event. The findings of this study can facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the local and regional air pollution in NEC and helpful for national environment pollution controls and improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hujia Zhao
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110016, China; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanjun Ma
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
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15
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Zheng Y, Che H, Xia X, Wang Y, Yang L, Chen J, Wang H, Zhao H, Li L, Zhang L, Gui K, Yang X, Liang Y, Zhang X. Aerosol optical properties and its type classification based on multiyear joint observation campaign in north China plain megalopolis. Chemosphere 2020; 273:128560. [PMID: 34756345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since haze and other air pollution are frequently seen in the North China Plain (NCP), detail information on aerosol optical and radiative properties and its type classification is demanded for the study of regional environmental pollution. Here, a multiyear ground-based synchronous sun photometer observation at seven sites on North China Plain megalopolis from 2013 to 2018 was conducted. First, the annual and seasonal variation of these characteristics as well as the intercomparsion were analyzed. Then the potential relationships between these properties with meteorological factors and the aerosol type classification were discussed. The results show: Particle volume exhibited a decreasing trend from the urban downtown to suburban and the rural region. The annual average aerosol optical depth at 440 nm (AOD440) varied from ∼0.43 to 0.86 over the NCP. Annual average single-scattering albedo at 440 nm (SSA440) varied from ∼0.89 to 0.93, indicating a moderate to slight absorption capacity. Average absorption aerosol optical depth at 440 nm (AAOD440) varied from ∼0.07 to 0.10. The absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) (∼0.89-1.40) indicated the multi-types of absorptive matters originated form nature and anthropogenic emission. The discussion of aerosol composition showed a smaller particle size of aerosol from biomass burning and/or fossil foil consumption with enhanced aerosol scattering and enlarged light extinction. Aerosol classification indicated a large percentage of mixed absorbing aerosol (∼20%-49%), which showed increasing trend between relative humidity (RH) with aerosol scattering and dust was an important environmental pollutant compared to southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiangao Xia
- Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; School of Geoscience, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Leiku Yang
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shijiazhuang Meteorological Bureau, Shijiazhuang, 050081, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hujia Zhao
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
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16
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Gui K, Che H, Zeng Z, Wang Y, Zhai S, Wang Z, Luo M, Zhang L, Liao T, Zhao H, Li L, Zheng Y, Zhang X. Construction of a virtual PM 2.5 observation network in China based on high-density surface meteorological observations using the Extreme Gradient Boosting model. Environ Int 2020; 141:105801. [PMID: 32480141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With increasing public concerns on air pollution in China, there is a demand for long-term continuous PM2.5 datasets. However, it was not until the end of 2012 that China established a national PM2.5 observation network. Before that, satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) was frequently used as a primary predictor to estimate surface PM2.5. Nevertheless, satellite-retrieved AOD often encounter incomplete daily coverage due to its sampling frequency and interferences from cloud, which greatly affect the representation of these AOD-based PM2.5. Here, we constructed a virtual ground-based PM2.5 observation network at 1180 meteorological sites across China using the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model with high-density meteorological observations as major predictors. Cross-validation of the XGBoost model showed strong robustness and high accuracy in its estimation of the daily (monthly) PM2.5 across China in 2018, with R2, root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error values of 0.79 (0.92), 15.75 μg/m3 (6.75 μg/m3) and 9.89 μg/m3 (4.53 μg/m3), respectively. Meanwhile, we find that surface visibility plays the dominant role in terms of the relative importance of variables in the XGBoost model, accounting for 39.3% of the overall importance. We then use meteorological and PM2.5 data in the year 2017 to assess the predictive capability of the model. Results showed that the XGBoost model is capable to accurately hindcast historical PM2.5 at monthly (R2 = 0.80, RMSE = 14.75 μg/m3), seasonal (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 12.28 μg/m3), and annual (R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 10.10 μg/m3) mean levels. In general, the newly constructed virtual PM2.5 observation network based on high-density surface meteorological observations using the Extreme Gradient Boosting model shows great potential in reconstructing historical PM2.5 at ~1000 meteorological sites across China. It will be of benefit to filling gaps in AOD-based PM2.5 data, as well as to other environmental studies including epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhaoliang Zeng
- Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shixian Zhai
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Zemin Wang
- Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Luo
- School of Geography and Planning and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tingting Liao
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Hujia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhao H, Che H, Gui K, Ma Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Zheng Y, Zhang X. Interdecadal variation in aerosol optical properties and their relationships to meteorological parameters over northeast China from 1980 to 2017. Chemosphere 2020; 247:125737. [PMID: 31927227 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Northeast China has undergone rapid urbanisation with increased anthropogenic emissions, and the types and absorption properties of aerosols may affect regional climate change. MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2) distributions of aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångström exponent (AE), and absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) from 1980 to 2017 was studied to estimate the climatology of aerosol optical properties over Northeast China. The highest AOD and AAOD occurred in Liaoning Province range from 0.3 to 0.4 and 0.02-0.03, respectively. The spacial distribution of black carbon (BC) AOD was similar to AAOD with maximum value in Liaoning province about 0.04 related to the emission sources and human activities. The seasonal interdecadal distribution indicated larger dust (DU) AOD in Liaoning (0.12) and organic carbon (OC) AOD in Heilongjiang (0.18). The contribution of SO4 to total AOD was significant in autumn and winter, and BC particles contributed 70% to total AAOD in all seasons. The decadal change in AOD was positive for 2000-2009 (0.2/decadal) due to the increased dust events happening in spring. The positive correlation between AOD and relative humidity (RH) at surface was about 0.4-0.6; the negative correlation between AOD and surface wind speed (WS) (-0.6), planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) (-0.2 to -0.6), sea level pressure (SLP) (-0.2) was found over the study period. This study's findings enable more comprehensive understanding of the distribution of aerosols optical properties and regional climatology in Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hujia Zhao
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, 110016, China; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanjun Ma
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
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18
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Zhang T, Che H, Gong Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Gui K, Guo B. The two-way feedback effect between aerosol pollution and planetary boundary layer structure on the explosive rise of PM 2.5 after the "Ten Statements of Atmosphere" in Beijing. Sci Total Environ 2020; 709:136259. [PMID: 31905581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Are there still persistent heavy aerosol pollution episodes (HPEs) in Beijing one year after the implementation of the "Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution ("Ten Statements of Atmosphere" in China: 2013-2017)"? Will the cumulative aerosol pollution still induce significant two-way feedback between PM2.5 and the planetary boundary layer structure? Answers to these matters are particular concerns of the government and the public. The analysis of the vertical structure of the aerosol and meteorological factors in planetary boundary layer shows that the two-way feedback between unfavorable meteorological conditions and PM2.5 pollution cumulating is still the primary mechanism for the maintenance of HPEs, accounting especially ~66% to 88% for explosive rise in PM2.5, in autumn and winter in Beijing area a year after the "Ten Statements of Atmosphere". This effect also shows that the concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing had not fallen low enough to decouple the influence of unfavorable meteorological factors. The increased level of PM2.5 mass during the explosive rise stage was similar to those of the precursor gases of NO2, SO2 and CO, as well as to the declining ratio of the boundary layer height (BLH), which also suggest that the interaction between PM2.5 cumulating and the boundary layer structure is playing a leading role for the maintenance of HPEs and the PM2.5 explosive rise in Beijing. The depolarization ratio signal of the Lidar also shows that the transit of mineral aerosols from the northwest over Beijing often appears in the upper layer of the planetary boundary layer or higher atmosphere during the late or subside stage of HPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | | | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jizhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanqin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Zheng Y, Che H, Xia X, Wang Y, Wang H, Wu Y, Tao J, Zhao H, An L, Li L, Gui K, Sun T, Li X, Sheng Z, Liu C, Yang X, Liang Y, Zhang L, Liu C, Kuang X, Luo S, You Y, Zhang X. Five-year observation of aerosol optical properties and its radiative effects to planetary boundary layer during air pollution episodes in North China: Intercomparison of a plain site and a mountainous site in Beijing. Sci Total Environ 2019; 674:140-158. [PMID: 31004891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aerosol microphysical, optical and radiative properties of the whole column and upper planetary boundary layer (PBL) were investigated during 2013 to 2018 based on long-term sun-photometer observations at a surface site (~106 m a.s.l.) and a mountainous site (~1225 m a.s.l.) in Beijing. Raman-Mie lidar data combined with radiosonde data were used to explore the aerosol radiative effects to PBL during dust and haze episodes. The results showed size distribution exhibited mostly bimodal pattern for the whole column and the upper PBL throughout the year, except in July for the upper PBL, when a trimodal distribution occurred due to the coagulation and hygroscopic growth of fine particles. The seasonal mean values of aerosol optical depth at 440 nm for the upper PBL were 0.31 ± 0.34, 0.30 ± 0.37, 0.17 ± 0.30 and 0.14 ± 0.09 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The single-scattering albedo at 440 nm of the upper PBL varied oppositely to that of the whole column, with the monthly mean value between 0.91 and 0.96, indicating weakly to slightly strong absorptive ability at visible spectrum. The monthly mean direct aerosol radiative forcing at the Earth's surface and the top of the atmosphere varied from -40 ± 7 to -105 ± 25 and from -18 ± 4 to -49 ± 17 W m-2, respectively, and the maximum atmospheric heating was found in summer (~66 ± 12 W m-2). From a radiative point of view, during dust episode, the presence of mineral dust heated the lower atmosphere, thus promoting vertical turbulence, causing more air pollutants being transported to the upper air by the increasing PBLH. In contrast, during haze episode, a large quantity of absorbing aerosols (such as black carbon) had a cooling effect on the surface and a heating effect on the upper atmosphere, which favored the stabilization of PBL and occurrence of inversion layer, contributing to the depression of the PBLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiangao Xia
- Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; School of Geoscience University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Tao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hujia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Linchang An
- National Meteorological Center, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaopan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhizhong Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China; School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan 454000, China
| | - Xianyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chong Liu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiang Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yingchang You
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
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20
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Li X, Che H, Wang H, Xia X, Chen Q, Gui K, Zhao H, An L, Zheng Y, Sun T, Sheng Z, Liu C, Zhang X. Spatial and temporal distribution of the cloud optical depth over China based on MODIS satellite data during 2003-2016. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 80:66-81. [PMID: 30952354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cloud optical depth (COD) is one of the important parameters used to characterize atmospheric clouds. We analyzed the seasonal variations in the COD over East Asia in 2011 using cloud mode data from the AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) ground-based observational network. The applicability of the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) COD product was verified and compared with the AERONET cloud mode dataset. There was a good correlation between the AERONET and the MODIS. The spatial and temporal distribution and trends in the COD over China were then analyzed using MODIS satellite data from 2003 to 2016. The seasonal changes in the AERONET data and the time sequence variation of the satellite data suggest that the seasonal variations in the COD are significant. The result shows that the COD first decreases and then increases with the season in northern China, and reaches the maximum in summer and minimum in winter. However, the spatial distribution change is just the opposite in southern China. The spatial variation trend shows the COD in China decreases first with time and gradually increases after 2014. And the trend of COD in the western and central China is consistent with that in China. While the trend of COD shows a continuously increasing over time in northeast China and the Pearl River Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Li
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiang'ao Xia
- Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; School of Geoscience University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanliang Chen
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hujia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Linchang An
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhizhong Sheng
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
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21
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Gui K, Che H, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhao H, Zheng Y, Sun T, Zhang X. Satellite-derived PM 2.5 concentration trends over Eastern China from 1998 to 2016: Relationships to emissions and meteorological parameters. Environ Pollut 2019; 247:1125-1133. [PMID: 30823341 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in Eastern China (EC) has raised concerns due to its adverse effects on air quality, climate, and human health. This study investigated the long-term variation trend in satellite-derived PM2.5 concentrations and how it was related to pollutant emissions and meteorological parameters over EC and seven regions of interest (ROIs) during 1998-2016. Over EC, the annual mean PM2.5 increased before 2006 due to the enhanced emissions of primary PM2.5, NOx and SO2, but decreased with the reduced SO2 emissions after 2006 evidently in response to China's clean air policies. In addition, results from statistical analyses indicated that in the North China Plain (NCP), Northeast China (NEC), Sichuan Basin (SCB) and Central China (CC) planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) was the dominant meteorological driver for the PM2.5 decadal changes, and in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) wind speed is the leading factor. Overall, the variation in meteorological parameters accounted for 48% of the variances in PM2.5 concentrations over EC. The population-weighted PM2.5 over EC increased from 36.4 μg/m3 in 1998-2004 (P1) to 49.4 μg/m3 in 2005-2010 (P2) then decreased to 46.5 μg/m3 in 2011-2016 (P3). In the NCP and NEC, the percentages of the population living above the World Health Organization (WHO) Interim Target-1 (IT-1, 35 μg/m3) have risen steadily over the past 20 yr, reaching maxima of 97.3% and 78.8% in P3, respectively, but decreases of ∼30% from P2 to P3 were found for the SCB and PRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Hujia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Tianze Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
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Sun T, Che H, Qi B, Wang Y, Dong Y, Xia X, Wang H, Gui K, Zheng Y, Zhao H, Ma Q, Du R, Zhang X. Characterization of vertical distribution and radiative forcing of ambient aerosol over the Yangtze River Delta during 2013-2015. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:1846-1857. [PMID: 30286352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As the central part of eastern China, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, with its rapid economic growth and industrial expansion, has experienced severe air quality issues. In this study, the monthly variation and interaction between aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) and aerosol vertical structure during 2013-2015 over the YRD were investigated using ground-based observations from a Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) and a CE-318 sun-photometer. Combining satellite products from MODIS and CALIPSO, and reanalysis wind fields, an integrated discussion of a biomass burning episode in Hangzhou during August 2015 was conducted by applying analysis of optical properties, planetary boundary layer (PBL), spatial-temporal and vertical distributions, backward trajectories, Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), and Concentration Weighted Trajectory (CWT). The results reveal that a shallower PBL coincides with higher scattering extinction at low altitude, resulting in less heating to the atmosphere and radiative forcing to the surface, which in turn further depresses the PBL. In months with a deeper PBL, the extinction coefficient decreases rapidly with altitude, showing stronger atmospheric heating effects and ADRF to the surface, facilitating the turbulence and vertical diffusion of aerosol particles, which further reduces the extinction and raises the PBL. Because of the hygroscopic growth facilitated by high relative humidity, June stands out for its high scattering extinction coefficient and relatively low PBL, and the reduced ADRF at the surface and the enhanced cooling effect on near-surface layer in turn depresses the PBL. Absorptive aerosols transported from biomass burning events located in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Taiwan provinces at 1.5 km, result in high ADRF efficiency for atmospheric heating. And the enhanced heating effect on near-surface layer caused by absorptive particles facilitates PBL development in August over the YRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bing Qi
- Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunsheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiangao Xia
- Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; School of Geoscience University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hujia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Lin'an Regional Air Background Station, Lin'an 311307, China
| | - Rongguang Du
- Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
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Liao T, Gui K, Jiang W, Wang S, Wang B, Zeng Z, Che H, Wang Y, Sun Y. Air stagnation and its impact on air quality during winter in Sichuan and Chongqing, southwestern China. Sci Total Environ 2018; 635:576-585. [PMID: 29679830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Sichuan and Chongqing regions suffer from severe haze weather in winter due to the unfavourable atmospheric diffusion conditions. Reanalysis and precipitation datasets were applied in this study to calculate and distinguish air stagnation events using a developed criterion, and the impacts of the occurrence of air stagnation events on air quality were analysed in combination with the PM2.5 concentration data for the winters of 2013-2016. The highest occurrence frequency of air stagnation events was observed in 2013, and the lowest, 2015. The meteorological conditions during winter in the Sichuan Basin were inclined to form unfavourable atmospheric diffusion conditions, and the occurrence frequency of air stagnation days was up to 76.6% on average during the four winters. The effects of air stagnation events on air quality were most obvious in the western and southern Sichuan Basin. The mean concentrations of PM2.5 during air stagnation days were higher by 41.9% than those during non-air stagnation days. The PM2.5 concentrations were adjusted using the favourable atmospheric diffusion conditions in 2015 as a baseline to quantify the PM2.5 contribution to the improvement of air quality in the other years, which revealed that the level of PM2.5 in the Sichuan and Chongqing regions was declining at a rate of approximately 10.7% overall during the winters of 2013-2016, implying that the air pollutant reduction measures have been highly effective. Furthermore, the occurrence frequency of air stagnation days and events were increased in recent ten years of 2007-2016, with linear slopes of 0.61yr-1 and 0.26yr-1, respectively. The study revealed that the government might face a greater challenge in improving the air quality over winter and should pay more attention to reduction of pollutant emission in areas of Chengdu, Chongqing and cities in the south of the Sichuan Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liao
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Ke Gui
- Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wanting Jiang
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Shigong Wang
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Bihan Wang
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Zhaoliang Zeng
- Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Huainan Academy of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China.
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An L, Che H, Xue M, Zhang T, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhou C, Zhao H, Gui K, Zheng Y, Sun T, Liang Y, Sun E, Zhang H, Zhang X. Temporal and spatial variations in sand and dust storm events in East Asia from 2007 to 2016: Relationships with surface conditions and climate change. Sci Total Environ 2018; 633:452-462. [PMID: 29579656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the frequency and intensity of sand and dust storms (SDSs) in East Asia from 2007 to 2016 using observational data from ground stations, numerical modeling, and vegetation indices obtained from both satellite and reanalysis data. The relationships of SDSs with surface conditions and the synoptic circulation pattern were also analyzed. The statistical analyses demonstrated that the number and intensity of SDS events recorded in spring during 2007 to 2016 showed a decreasing trend. The total number of spring SDSs decreased from at least ten events per year before 2011 to less than ten events per year after 2011. The overall average annual variation of the surface dust concentration in the main dust source regions decreased 33.24μg/m3 (-1.75%) annually. The variation in the temperatures near and below the ground surface and the amount of precipitation and soil moisture all favored an improvement in vegetation coverage, which reduced the intensity and frequency of SDSs. The strong winds accompanying the influx of cold air from high latitudes showed a decreasing trend, leading to a decrease in the number of SDSs and playing a key role in the decadal decrease of SDSs. The decrease in the intensity of the polar vortex during study period was closely related to the decrease in the intensity and frequency of SDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchang An
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Meteorological Center, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Min Xue
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianhang Zhang
- National Meteorological Center, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hujia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Gui
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Tianze Sun
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanxin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Enwei Sun
- Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hengde Zhang
- National Meteorological Center, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Liao T, Wang S, Ai J, Gui K, Duan B, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Jiang W, Sun Y. Heavy pollution episodes, transport pathways and potential sources of PM 2.5 during the winter of 2013 in Chengdu (China). Sci Total Environ 2017; 584-585:1056-1065. [PMID: 28161040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Air mass concentration data from 8 environmental quality monitoring sites and meteorological data of Chengdu from 1 December 2013 to 28 February 2014 were used in this study. Chengdu suffered five continuous heavy pollutions during this winter due to the basin terrain and the meteorological conditions of low wind speed, low precipitation and high relative humidity. Analysing the hourly resolution time series of pollutants' concentrations, variation of PM2.5 in the urban area followed a growing "saw-tooth cycle" pattern during the heavy pollution, with a daily cycle of bimodal distribution. The massive letting-off of fireworks within a short period of time on the Eve of the Lunar New Year under the unfavourable diffusion conditions resulted in an extreme pollution event. The sharply rising Longmen-Qionglai Mountains to the west of the Sichuan Basin not only acted as a huge barrier to block the air mass from the east but also favoured the formation of a local circulation. The cluster analysis of back trajectories revealed that up to 77% of them came from the inner part of the Basin. Combining the concentration data of PM2.5 with air mass back trajectories, a potential source contribution function (PSCF) model and a concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) method were used to evaluate the transport pathways and sources over PM2.5 of Chengdu, revealing that the main potential sources of PM2.5 were located in southeast cities and the western margin of the Sichuan Basin. The result provided advice for the government to take measures in improving air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liao
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Xi'an Meteorological Bureau, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Jie Ai
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Ke Gui
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Bolong Duan
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- National Meteorological Information Center, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Wanting Jiang
- Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmosphere Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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Gui K, Mutkins K, Schwenn PE, Krueger KB, Pivrikas A, Wolfer P, Stingelin Stutzmann N, Burn PL, Meredith P. A flexible n-type organic semiconductor for optoelectronics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14089b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Gui K. [Expression of ras oncogene product P21 in thyroid tumors: an immunohistochemical study]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1990; 70:140-2, 12. [PMID: 2163739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The p 21 product of ras oncogene has been detected immunohistochemically in normal, inflammatory, benign and malignant human thyroid tissues. With the monoclonal antibody SCI-oncogene I and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC), the expression of ras p 21 was evaluated in paraffin-embedded sections. The results showed that papillary and follicular adenocarcinomas of the thyroid had moderate to intense staining for ras p 21 in most cases. Cytoplasmic and apical surface staining were the most common patterns of immunoreactivity. Adenomas showed slight positive or negative staining in cytoplasm. Normal thyroid tissues and thyroiditis were uniformly negative. Grave's disease revealed slight to moderate staining in some cases. These findings suggest that ras oncogene is involved in carcinogenesis of thyroid carcinomas. Enhanced expression of ras p 21 may be useful in differentiation of thyroid adenocarcinomas from adenomas and may be a valuable parameter in evaluating biological behavior of tumors.
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Mu YQ, Han ZH, Gui K, Cai L. [PSD-007 luminescence in the diagnosis of exfoliative cells from malignant tumors]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1987; 9:258-9. [PMID: 3678015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the first report in China on the use of luminescence method with hematoporphyrin derivative PSD-007 in the analysis of the exfoliative malignant cells. By this method, pleurorrhea and ascites from 226 suspicious patients were detected. The results showed that its positive rate was 42.23% higher than that of Wright's stain and its positive conformation rate to HE stain could reach as high as 90.2%. Especially, cancer cells could be distinguished from various kinds of non-cancer cells by an objective quantitative analysis of the cellular fluorescent intensity using microfluorophotometer. This new method, being simple, economical and highly specific, is used not only in the qualitative study of the exfoliative tumor cells, but also in the quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Mu
- Wuhan Institute of Medical Sciences, Wuhan
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