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Bain W, Yang H, Shah FA, Suber T, Drohan C, Al-Yousif N, DeSensi RS, Bensen N, Schaefer C, Rosborough BR, Somasundaram A, Workman CJ, Lampenfeld C, Cillo AR, Cardello C, Shan F, Bruno TC, Vignali DAA, Ray P, Ray A, Zhang Y, Lee JS, Methé B, McVerry BJ, Morris A, Kitsios GD. COVID-19 versus Non-COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Comparison of Demographics, Physiologic Parameters, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Clinical Outcomes. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 18:1202-1210. [PMID: 33544045 PMCID: PMC8328355 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202008-1026oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: There is an urgent need for improved understanding of the mechanisms and clinical characteristics of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19).Objectives: To compare key demographic and physiologic parameters, biomarkers, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 ARDS and ARDS secondary to direct lung injury from other etiologies of pneumonia.Methods: We enrolled 27 patients with COVID-19 ARDS in a prospective, observational cohort study and compared them with a historical, pre-COVID-19 cohort of patients with viral ARDS (n = 14), bacterial ARDS (n = 21), and ARDS due to culture-negative pneumonia (n = 30). We recorded clinical demographics; measured respiratory mechanical parameters; collected serial peripheral blood specimens for measurement of plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10; and followed patients prospectively for patient-centered outcomes. We conducted between-group comparisons with nonparametric tests and analyzed time-to-event outcomes with Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models.Results: Patients with COVID-19 ARDS had higher body mass index and were more likely to be Black, or residents of skilled nursing facilities, compared with those with non-COVID-19 ARDS (P < 0.05). Patients with COVID-19 had lower delivered minute ventilation compared with bacterial and culture-negative ARDS (post hoc P < 0.01) but not compared with viral ARDS. We found no differences in static compliance, hypoxemic indices, or carbon dioxide clearance between groups. Patients with COVID-19 had lower IL-6 levels compared with bacterial and culture-negative ARDS at early time points after intubation but no differences in IL-6 levels compared with viral ARDS. Patients with COVID-19 had longer duration of mechanical ventilation but similar 60-day mortality in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses.Conclusions: COVID-19 ARDS bears several similarities to viral ARDS but demonstrates lower minute ventilation and lower systemic levels of IL-6 compared with bacterial and culture-negative ARDS. COVID-19 ARDS was associated with longer dependence on mechanical ventilation compared with non-COVID-19 ARDS. Such detectable differences of COVID-19 do not merit deviation from evidence-based management of ARDS but suggest priorities for clinical research to better characterize and treat this new clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bain
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Haopu Yang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Faraaz Ali Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tomeka Suber
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Rebecca S. DeSensi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole Bensen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Caitlin Schaefer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian R. Rosborough
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashwin Somasundaram
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, and
- Department of Immunology and
| | - Creg J. Workman
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, and
- Department of Immunology and
| | | | | | - Carly Cardello
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, and
- Department of Immunology and
| | - Feng Shan
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, and
- Department of Immunology and
| | - Tullia C. Bruno
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, and
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
- Department of Immunology and
| | - Dario A. A. Vignali
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, and
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
- Department of Immunology and
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology and
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology and
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Barbara Methé
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan J. McVerry
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Georgios D. Kitsios
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Jiang Y, Rosborough BR, Chen J, Das S, Kitsios GD, McVerry BJ, Mallampalli RK, Lee JS, Ray A, Chen W, Ray P. Single cell RNA sequencing identifies an early monocyte gene signature in acute respiratory distress syndrome. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135678. [PMID: 32554932 PMCID: PMC7406263 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) results from overwhelming pulmonary inflammation. Prior bulk RNA sequencing provided limited insights into ARDS pathogenesis. We used single cell RNA sequencing to probe ARDS at a higher resolution. PBMCs of patients with pneumonia and sepsis with early ARDS were compared with those of sepsis patients who did not develop ARDS. Monocyte clusters from ARDS patients revealed multiple distinguishing characteristics in comparison with monocytes from patients without ARDS, including downregulation of SOCS3 expression, accompanied by a proinflammatory signature with upregulation of multiple type I IFN-induced genes, especially in CD16+ cells. To generate an ARDS risk score, we identified upregulation of 29 genes in the monocytes of these patients, and 17 showed a similar profile in cells of patients in independent cohorts. Monocytes had increased expression of RAB11A, known to inhibit neutrophil efferocytosis; ATP2B1, a calcium pump that exports Ca2+ implicated in endothelial barrier disruption; and SPARC, associated with processing of procollagen to collagen. These data show that monocytes of ARDS patients upregulate expression of genes not just restricted to those associated with inflammation. Together, our findings identify molecules that are likely involved in ARDS pathogenesis that may inform biomarker and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Brian R. Rosborough
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sudipta Das
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Georgios D. Kitsios
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Bryan J. McVerry
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rosborough BR, Chen J, Jiang Y, Kitsios G, McVerry B, Lee JS, Ray A, Chen W, Ray P. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals novel inflammatory mechanisms of human acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.69.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common etiology of acute respiratory failure that results from overwhelming pulmonary inflammation. Since prior bulk RNA sequence analyses have provided limited insights into ARDS pathogenesis, we used the approach of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to probe ARDS at a higher resolution. Towards this end, scRNA-seq data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with pneumonia and sepsis with early ARDS were compared to that of sepsis patients who did not develop ARDS. We detected a previously unrecognized reduced frequency of NK cells in the PBMCs of ARDS patients, which also showed complete loss of IFNGR1 expression. Monocyte clusters from ARDS patients revealed multiple distinguishing characteristics in comparison to monocytes from patients without ARDS. This included a pro-inflammatory signature with up-regulation of multiple type I IFN-induced genes, especially in CD16+ cells. To generate an ARDS risk score, we identified 29 differentially expressed genes in the monocytes of these patients, 17 of which showed a similar profile in cells of patients in independent cohorts. Genes with increased expression in monocytes that may have relevance in ARDS pathogenesis include RAB11A, known to inhibit neutrophil efferocytosis, ATP2B1, a calcium pump that exports Ca2+ implicated in endothelial barrier disruption, and SPARC, associated with processing of pro-collagen to collagen. Together, our findings identify molecules that are likely involved in ARDS pathogenesis that may inform biomarker and therapeutic development.
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4
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Yazdani HO, Chen HW, Tohme S, Tai S, van der Windt DJ, Loughran P, Rosborough BR, Sud V, Beer-Stolz D, Turnquist HR, Tsung A, Huang H. IL-33 exacerbates liver sterile inflammation by amplifying neutrophil extracellular trap formation. J Hepatol 2017; 68:S0168-8278(17)32291-2. [PMID: 28943296 PMCID: PMC5862757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neutrophils and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) both contribute to sterile inflammatory injury during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), a well-known liver surgical stress. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been shown to drive neutrophil infiltration during inflammatory responses through its receptor ST2. We recently reported that infiltrating neutrophils form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which exacerbate sterile inflammatory injury in liver I/R. Here, we sought to determine the role of IL-33 in NET formation during liver sterile inflammation. METHODS Evaluation of IL-33 forming NETs was investigated using a partial liver I/R model to generate sterile injury in healthy WT, IL-33 and ST2 knockouts. Serum levels of IL-33 and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complex were measured in both humans and mice after the first surgery. Liver damage was assessed. Mouse neutrophil depletion was performed by intraperitoneal injection of anti-Ly6G antibody before I/R. RESULTS Patients undergoing liver resection showed a significant increase in serum IL-33 compared to healthy volunteers. This coincided with higher serum MPO-DNA complexes. NET formation was decreased in IL-33 and ST2 knockout mice compared with control mice, after liver I/R. IL-33 or ST2 deficiency protected livers from I/R injury, whereas rIL-33 administration during I/R exacerbated hepatotoxicity and systemic inflammation. In vitro, IL-33 is released from LSECs to promote NET formation. IL-33 deficient LSECs failed to induce NETs. ST2 deficient neutrophils limited their capacity to form NETs in vitro and adoptive transfer of ST2 knockout neutrophils to neutrophil-depleted WT mice significantly decreased NET formation. CONCLUSIONS Data establish that IL-33, mainly released from LSECs, causes excessive sterile inflammation after hepatic I/R by inducing NET formation. Therapeutic targeting of IL-33/ST2 might extend novel strategies to minimize organ damage in various clinical settings associated with sterile inflammation. LAY SUMMARY Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury results in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which contribute to organ damage in liver surgeries. Herein, we show that IL-33 is released from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to promote NET formation during liver I/R, which exacerbates inflammatory cascades and sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza O Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hui-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samer Tohme
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | | | - Patricia Loughran
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian R Rosborough
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vikas Sud
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Donna Beer-Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Heth R Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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5
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Van Der Windt D, Yazdani HO, Chen HW, Rosborough BR, Loughran P, Tsung A, Huang H. ST2 Stimulation on Neutrophils Induces Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Exacerbates Injury after Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion. J Am Coll Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Chen LC, Nicholson YT, Rosborough BR, Thomson AW, Raimondi G. A Novel mTORC1-Dependent, Akt-Independent Pathway Differentiates the Gut Tropism of Regulatory and Conventional CD4 T Cells. J Immunol 2016; 197:1137-47. [PMID: 27402696 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces a gut-homing phenotype in activated CD4(+) conventional T cells (Tconv) by upregulating the integrin α4β7 and the chemokine receptor CCR9. We report that, in contrast to mouse Tconv, only ∼50% of regulatory T cells (Treg) upregulate CCR9 when stimulated by physiological levels of ATRA, even though Tconv and Treg express similar levels of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR). The resulting bimodal CCR9 expression is not associated with differences in the extent of their proliferation, level of Foxp3 expression, or affiliation with naturally occurring Treg or induced Treg in the circulating Treg pool. Furthermore, we find that exposure of Treg to the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin suppresses upregulation of both CCR9 and α4β7, an effect that is not evident with Tconv. This suggests that in Treg, ATRA-induced upregulation of CCR9 and α4β7 is dependent on activation of a mTOR signaling pathway. The involvement of mTOR is independent of Akt activity, because specific inhibition of Akt, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1, or its downstream target glycogen synthase kinase-3 did not prevent CCR9 expression. Additionally, Rictor (mTOR complex [mTORC]2)-deficient Treg showed unaltered ability to express CCR9, whereas Raptor (mTORC1)-deficient Treg were unable to upregulate CCR9, suggesting the selective participation of mTORC1. These findings reveal a novel difference between ATRA signaling and chemokine receptor induction in Treg versus Tconv and provide a framework via which the migratory behavior of Treg versus Tconv might be regulated differentially for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo C Chen
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and
| | - Yawah T Nicholson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and
| | - Brian R Rosborough
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Giorgio Raimondi
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and
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7
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Raïch-Regué D, Rosborough BR, Watson AR, McGeachy MJ, Turnquist HR, Thomson AW. mTORC2 Deficiency in Myeloid Dendritic Cells Enhances Their Allogeneic Th1 and Th17 Stimulatory Ability after TLR4 Ligation In Vitro and In Vivo. J Immunol 2015; 194:4767-76. [PMID: 25840913 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key integrative kinase that functions in two independent complexes, mTOR complex (mTORC) 1 and mTORC2. In contrast to the well-defined role of mTORC1 in dendritic cells (DC), little is known about the function of mTORC2. In this study, to our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time an enhanced ability of mTORC2-deficient myeloid DC to stimulate and polarize allogeneic T cells. We show that activated bone marrow-derived DC from conditional Rictor(-/-) mice exhibit lower coinhibitory B7-H1 molecule expression independently of the stimulus and enhanced IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12p70, and IL-23 production following TLR4 ligation. Accordingly, TLR4-activated Rictor(-/-) DC display augmented allogeneic T cell stimulatory ability, expanding IFN-γ(+) and IL-17(+), but not IL-10(+) or CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in vitro. A similar DC profile was obtained by stimulating Dectin-1 (C-type lectin family member) on Rictor(-/-) DC. Using novel CD11c-specific Rictor(-/-) mice, we confirm the alloreactive Th1 and Th17 cell-polarizing ability of endogenous mTORC2-deficient DC after TLR4 ligation in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines produced by Rictor(-/-) DC after LPS stimulation are key in promoting Th1/Th17 responses. These data establish that mTORC2 activity restrains conventional DC proinflammatory capacity and their ability to polarize T cells following TLR and non-TLR stimulation. Our findings provide new insight into the role of mTORC2 in regulating DC function and may have implications for emerging therapeutic strategies that target mTOR in cancer, infectious diseases, and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Brian R Rosborough
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Alicia R Watson
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Hēth R Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Matta BM, Lott JM, Mathews LR, Liu Q, Rosborough BR, Blazar BR, Turnquist HR. IL-33 is an unconventional Alarmin that stimulates IL-2 secretion by dendritic cells to selectively expand IL-33R/ST2+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol 2014; 193:4010-20. [PMID: 25217167 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
IL-33 is a recently characterized IL-1 family member that is proposed to function as an alarmin, or endogenous signal of cellular damage, as well as act as a pleiotropic cytokine. The ability of IL-33 to potentiate both Th1 and Th2 immunity supports its role in pathogen clearance and disease immunopathology. Yet, IL-33 restrains experimental colitis and transplant rejection by expanding regulatory T cells (Treg) via an undefined mechanism. We sought to determine the influence of IL-33 on hematopoietic cells that drives Treg expansion and underlies the therapeutic benefit of IL-33 administration. In this study, we identify a feedback loop in which conventional mouse CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DC) stimulated by IL-33 secrete IL-2 to selectively expand IL-33R(ST2(+))- suppressive CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg. Interestingly, this occurs in the absence of classical DC maturation, and DC-derived (innate) IL-2 increases ST2 expression on both DC and interacting Treg. ST2(+) Treg represent an activated subset of Foxp3(+) cells, demonstrated to be ICOS(high)CD44(high) compared with their ST2(-) counterparts. Furthermore, although studies have shown that IL-33-exposed DC promote Th2 responses, we reveal that ST2(+) DC are required for IL-33-mediated in vitro and in vivo Treg expansion. Thus, we have uncovered a relationship between IL-33 and innate IL-2 that promotes the selective expansion of ST2(+) Treg over non-Treg. These findings identify a novel regulatory pathway driven by IL-33 in immune cells that may be harnessed for therapeutic benefit or for robust expansion of Treg in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Matta
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jeremy M Lott
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Lisa R Mathews
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Brian R Rosborough
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Graduate Training Program in Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Hēth R Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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9
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Huang H, Nace GW, McDonald KA, Tai S, Klune JR, Rosborough BR, Ding Q, Loughran P, Zhu X, Beer-Stolz D, Chang EB, Billiar T, Tsung A. Hepatocyte-specific high-mobility group box 1 deletion worsens the injury in liver ischemia/reperfusion: a role for intracellular high-mobility group box 1 in cellular protection. Hepatology 2014; 59:1984-1997. [PMID: 24375466 PMCID: PMC3999251 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant chromatin-associated nuclear protein and released into the extracellular milieu during liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), signaling activation of proinflammatory cascades. Because the intracellular function of HMGB1 during sterile inflammation of I/R is currently unknown, we sought to determine the role of intracellular HMGB1 in hepatocytes after liver I/R. When hepatocyte-specific HMGB1 knockout (HMGB1-HC-KO) and control mice were subjected to a nonlethal warm liver I/R, it was found that HMGB1-HC-KO mice had significantly greater hepatocellular injury after I/R, compared to control mice. Additionally, there was significantly greater DNA damage and decreased chromatin accessibility to repair with lack of HMGB1. Furthermore, lack of hepatocyte HMGB1 led to excessive poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 activation, exhausting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and adenosine triphosphate stores, exacerbating mitochondrial instability and damage, and, consequently, leading to increased cell death. We found that this was also associated with significantly more oxidative stress (OS) in HMGB1-HC-KO mice, compared to control. Increased nuclear instability led to a resultant increase in the release of histones with subsequently more inflammatory cytokine production and organ damage through activation of Toll-like receptor 9. CONCLUSION The lack of HMGB1 within hepatocytes leads to increased susceptibility to cellular death after OS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department Of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gary W. Nace
- Department Of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kerry-Ann McDonald
- Department Of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department Of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John R. Klune
- Department Of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brian R. Rosborough
- Department Of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Qing Ding
- Department Of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patricia Loughran
- Department Of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
,Center for Biologic Imaging, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Donna Beer-Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Timothy Billiar
- Department Of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department Of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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10
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Rosborough BR, Hackstein H, Turnquist HR. A window into immunosuppressant immunoregulation: recipient conversion to rapamycin increases potentially tolerogenic immune cells. Kidney Int 2014; 85:743-5. [PMID: 24682122 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) have a complex immunoregulatory profile in both animal models and transplant patients. Studies suggest that mTORi act as tolerance-supporting and regulatory T cell (Treg)-promoting immunosuppressants. Yet proinflammatory influences on myeloid dendritic cells have been established. Insight is needed into the impact of mTORi on immune cells. Stallone et al. describe a clinical study identifying a potential immunoregulatory pathway involving plasmacytoid dendritic cells and Tregs in renal transplant patients on mTORi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Rosborough
- 1] Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA [2] Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA [3] Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Holger Hackstein
- 1] Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany [2] University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hēth R Turnquist
- 1] Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA [2] Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA [3] Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Rosborough BR, Mathews LR, Matta BM, Liu Q, Raïch-Regué D, Thomson AW, Turnquist HR. Cutting edge: Flt3 ligand mediates STAT3-independent expansion but STAT3-dependent activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Immunol 2014; 192:3470-3. [PMID: 24639346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Flt3-Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) pathway is critically involved in the differentiation and homeostasis of myeloid cells, including dendritic cells (DC); however, its role in the expansion and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) has not been determined. In this article, we describe the ability of Flt3L to expand and activate murine MDSC capable of suppressing allograft rejection upon adoptive transfer. Although Flt3L expands and augments the stimulatory capacity of myeloid DC, MDSC expanded by Flt3L have increased suppressive activity. Although STAT3 is considered the central transcription factor for MDSC expansion, inhibition and genetic ablation of STAT3 did not block, but rather augmented, Flt3L-mediated MDSC expansion. MDSC suppressive function, preserved when STAT3 inhibition was removed, was reduced by genetic STAT3 deletion. Both STAT3 inhibition and deletion reduced Flt3L-mediated DC expansion, signifying that STAT3 had reciprocal effects on suppressive MDSC and immunostimulatory DC expansion. Together, these findings enhance our understanding of the immunomodulatory properties of Flt3L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Rosborough
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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12
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Abstract
Regulatory myeloid cells (RMC) are emerging as novel targets for immunosuppressive (IS) agents and hold considerable promise as cellular therapeutic agents. Herein, we discuss the ability of regulatory macrophages, regulatory dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells to regulate alloimmunity, their potential as cellular therapeutic agents, and the IS agents that target their function. We consider protocols for the generation of RMC and the selection of donor- or recipient-derived cells for adoptive cell therapy. Additionally, the issues of cell trafficking and antigen (Ag) specificity after RMC transfer are discussed. Improved understanding of the immunobiology of these cells has increased the possibility of moving RMC into the clinic to reduce the burden of current IS agents and to promote Ag-specific tolerance. In the second half of this review, we discuss the influence of established and experimental IS agents on myeloid cell populations. IS agents believed historically to act primarily on T cell activation and proliferation are emerging as important regulators of RMC function. Better insights into the influence of IS agents on RMC will enhance our ability to develop cell therapy protocols to promote the function of these cells. Moreover, novel IS agents may be designed to target RMC in situ to promote Ag-specific immune regulation in transplantation and to usher in a new era of immune modulation exploiting cells of myeloid origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Rosborough
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Heth R. Turnquist
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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13
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Huang H, Chen HW, Evankovich J, Yan W, Rosborough BR, Nace GW, Ding Q, Loughran P, Beer-Stolz D, Billiar TR, Esmon CT, Tsung A. Histones activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells during sterile inflammatory liver injury. J Immunol 2013; 191:2665-79. [PMID: 23904166 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular processes that drive sterile inflammatory injury after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are not completely understood. Activation of the inflammasome plays a key role in response to invading intracellular pathogens, but mounting evidence suggests that it also plays a role in inflammation driven by endogenous danger-associate molecular pattern molecules released after ischemic injury. The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is one such process, and the mechanism by which its activation results in damage and inflammatory responses following liver I/R is unknown. In this article, we report that both NLRP3 and its downstream target caspase-1 are activated during I/R and are essential for hepatic I/R injury, because both NLRP3 and caspase-1 knockout mice are protected from injury. Furthermore, inflammasome-mediated injury is dependent on caspase-1 expression in liver nonparenchymal cells. Although upstream signals that activate the inflammasome during ischemic injury are not well characterized, we show that endogenous extracellular histones activate the NLRP3 inflammasome during liver I/R through TLR9. This occurs through TLR9-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species. This mechanism is operant in resident liver Kupffer cells, which drive innate immune responses after I/R injury by recruiting additional cell types, including neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. These novel findings illustrate a new mechanism by which extracellular histones and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome contribute to liver damage and the activation of innate immunity during sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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14
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Nace GW, Huang H, Klune JR, Eid RE, Rosborough BR, Korff S, Li S, Shapiro RA, Stolz DB, Sodhi CP, Hackam DJ, Geller DA, Billiar TR, Tsung A. Cellular-specific role of toll-like receptor 4 in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Hepatology 2013; 58:374-87. [PMID: 23460269 PMCID: PMC3688695 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a process whereby an initial hypoxic insult and subsequent return of blood flow leads to the propagation of innate immune responses and organ injury. The necessity of the pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, for this innate immune response has been previously shown. However, TLR4 is present on various cell types of the liver, both immune and nonimmune cells. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of TLR4 in individual cell populations, specifically, parenchymal hepatocytes (HCs), myeloid cells, including Kupffer cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) subsequent to hepatic I/R. When HC-specific (Alb-TLR4(-/-) ) and myeloid-cell-specific (Lyz-TLR4(-/-) ) TLR4 knockout (KO) mice were subjected to warm hepatic ischemia, there was significant protection in these mice, compared to wild type (WT). However, the protection afforded in these two strains was significantly less than global TLR4 KO (TLR4(-/-) ) mice. DC-specific TLR4(-/-) (CD11c-TLR4(-/-) ) mice had significantly increased hepatocellular damage, compared to WT mice. Circulating levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were significantly reduced in Alb-TLR4(-/-) mice, compared to WT, Lyz-TLR4(-/-) , CD11c-TLR4(-/-) mice and equivalent to global TLR4(-/-) mice, suggesting that TLR4-mediated HMGB1 release from HCs may be a source of HMGB1 after I/R. HCs exposed to hypoxia responded by rapidly phosphorylating the mitogen-activated protein kinases, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, in a TLR4-dependent manner; inhibition of JNK decreased release of HMGB1 after both hypoxia in vitro and I/R in vivo. CONCLUSION These results provide insight into the individual cellular response of TLR4. The parenchymal HC is an active participant in sterile inflammatory response after I/R through TLR4-mediated activation of proinflammatory signaling and release of danger signals, such as HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Nace
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John R Klune
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Raymond E Eid
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brian R Rosborough
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sebastian Korff
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Richard A Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chhinder P Sodhi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - David J Hackam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - David A Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Corresponding author: Allan Tsung, 3459 Fifth Avenue, UPMC Montefiore, 7 South, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582, Telephone: 412-692-2001, Fax: 412-692-2002
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15
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Corbitt N, Kimura S, Isse K, Specht S, Chedwick L, Rosborough BR, Lunz JG, Murase N, Yokota S, Demetris AJ. Gut bacteria drive Kupffer cell expansion via MAMP-mediated ICAM-1 induction on sinusoidal endothelium and influence preservation-reperfusion injury after orthotopic liver transplantation. Am J Pathol 2012; 182:180-91. [PMID: 23159949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria in the gut microbiome shed microbial-associated molecule patterns (MAMPs) into the portal venous circulation, where they augment various aspects of systemic immunity via low-level stimulation. Because the liver is immediately downstream of the intestines, we proposed that gut-derived MAMPs shape liver immunity and affect Kupffer cell (KC) phenotype. Germ-free (GF), antibiotic-treated (AVMN), and conventional (CL) mice were used to study KC development, function, and response to the significant stress of cold storage, reperfusion, and orthotopic transplantation. We found that a cocktail of physiologically active MAMPs translocate into the portal circulation, with flagellin (Toll-like receptor 5 ligand) being the most plentiful and capable of promoting hepatic monocyte influx in GF mice. In MAMP-deficient GF or AVMN livers, KCs are lower in numbers, have higher phagocytic activity, and have lower major histocompatibility complex II expression. MAMP-containing CL livers harbor significantly increased KC numbers via induction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 on liver sinusoidal endothelium. These CL KCs have a primed yet expected phenotype, with increased major histocompatibility complex class II and lower phagocytic activity that increases susceptibility to liver preservation/reperfusion injury after orthotopic transplantation. The KC number, functional activity, and maturational status are directly related to the concentration of gut-derived MAMPs and can be significantly reduced by broad-spectrum antibiotics, thereby affecting susceptibility to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Corbitt
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Matta BM, Raimondi G, Rosborough BR, Sumpter TL, Thomson AW. IL-27 production and STAT3-dependent upregulation of B7-H1 mediate immune regulatory functions of liver plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Immunol 2012; 188:5227-37. [PMID: 22508931 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are highly specialized APCs that, in addition to their well-recognized role in anti-viral immunity, also regulate immune responses. Liver-resident pDCs are considerably less immunostimulatory than those from secondary lymphoid tissues and are equipped to promote immune tolerance/regulation through various mechanisms. IL-27 is an IL-12 family cytokine that regulates the function of both APCs and T cells, although little is known about its role in pDC immunobiology. In this study, we show that mouse liver pDCs express higher levels of IL-27p28 and EBV-induced protein 3 (Ebi3) compared with those of splenic pDCs. Both populations of pDCs express the IL-27Rα/WSX-1; however, only liver pDCs significantly upregulate expression of the coregulatory molecule B7 homolog-1 (B7-H1) in response to IL-27. Inhibition of STAT3 activation completely abrogates IL-27-induced upregulation of B7-H1 expression on liver pDCs. Liver pDCs treated with IL-27 increase the percentage of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells in MLR, which is dependent upon expression of B7-H1. pDCs from Ebi3-deficient mice lacking functional IL-27 show increased capacity to stimulate allogeneic T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production in MLR. Liver but not spleen pDCs suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to OVA, an effect that is lost with Ebi3(-/-) and B7-H1(-/-) liver pDCs compared with wild-type liver pDCs. These data suggest that IL-27 signaling in pDCs promotes their immunoregulatory function and that IL-27 produced by pDCs contributes to their capacity to regulate immune responses in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Matta
- Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Rosborough BR, Castellaneta A, Natarajan S, Thomson AW, Turnquist HR. Histone deacetylase inhibition facilitates GM-CSF-mediated expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in vitro and in vivo. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 91:701-9. [PMID: 22028329 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0311119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin-modifying HDACi exhibit anti-inflammatory properties that reflect their ability to suppress DC function and enhance regulatory T cells. The influence of HDACi on MDSCs, an emerging regulatory leukocyte population that potently inhibits T cell proliferation, has not been examined. Exposure of GM-CSF-stimulated murine BM cells to HDACi led to a robust expansion of monocytic MDSC (CD11b(+)Ly6C(+)F4/80(int)CD115(+)), which suppressed allogeneic T cell proliferation in a NOS- and HO-1-dependent manner with similar potency to control MDSCs. The increased yield of MDSCs correlated with blocked differentiation of BM cells and an overall increase in HSPCs (Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+)). In vivo, TSA enhanced the mobilization of splenic HSPCs following GM-CSF administration and increased the number of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) cells in BM and spleen. Increased numbers of Gr1(+) cells, which suppressed T cell proliferation, were recovered from spleens of TSA-treated mice. Overall, HDACi enhance MDSC expansion in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that acetylation regulates myeloid cell differentiation. These findings establish a clinically applicable approach to augment this rare and potent suppressive immune cell population and support a novel mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory action of HDACi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Rosborough
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, 200 Lothrop St., Biomedical Science Tower, W1540, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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18
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Turnquist HR, Zhao Z, Rosborough BR, Liu Q, Castellaneta A, Isse K, Wang Z, Lang M, Stolz DB, Zheng XX, Demetris AJ, Liew FY, Wood KJ, Thomson AW. IL-33 expands suppressive CD11b+ Gr-1(int) and regulatory T cells, including ST2L+ Foxp3+ cells, and mediates regulatory T cell-dependent promotion of cardiac allograft survival. J Immunol 2011; 187:4598-610. [PMID: 21949025 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 administration is associated with facilitation of Th2 responses and cardioprotective properties in rodent models. However, in heart transplantation, the mechanism by which IL-33, signaling through ST2L (the membrane-bound form of ST2), promotes transplant survival is unclear. We report that IL-33 administration, while facilitating Th2 responses, also increases immunoregulatory myeloid cells and CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mice. IL-33 expands functional myeloid-derived suppressor cells, CD11b(+) cells that exhibit intermediate (int) levels of Gr-1 and potent T cell suppressive function. Furthermore, IL-33 administration causes an St2-dependent expansion of suppressive CD4(+) Foxp3(+) Tregs, including an ST2L(+) population. IL-33 monotherapy after fully allogeneic mouse heart transplantation resulted in significant graft prolongation associated with increased Th2-type responses and decreased systemic CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) cells. Also, despite reducing overall CD3(+) cell infiltration of the graft, IL-33 administration markedly increased intragraft Foxp3(+) cells. Whereas control graft recipients displayed increases in systemic CD11b(+) Gr-1(hi) cells, IL-33-treated recipients exhibited increased CD11b(+) Gr-1(int) cells. Enhanced ST2 expression was observed in the myocardium and endothelium of rejecting allografts, however the therapeutic effect of IL-33 required recipient St2 expression and was dependent on Tregs. These findings reveal a new immunoregulatory property of IL-33. Specifically, in addition to supporting Th2 responses, IL-33 facilitates regulatory cells, particularly functional CD4(+) Foxp3(+) Tregs that underlie IL-33-mediated cardiac allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heth R Turnquist
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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