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Jakob CHG, Dominelli B, Schlagintweit JF, Fischer PJ, Schuderer F, Reich RM, Marques F, Correia JDG, Kühn FE. Improved Antiproliferative Activity and Fluorescence of a Dinuclear Gold(I) Bisimidazolylidene Complex via Anthracene-Modification. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4275-4279. [PMID: 33405335 PMCID: PMC7756789 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward modification route to obtain mono- and di-substituted anthroyl ester bridge functionalized dinuclear Au(I) bis-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes is presented. The functionalization can be achieved starting from a hydroxyl-functionalized ligand precursor followed by transmetallation of the corresponding Ag complex or via esterification of the hydroxyl-functionalized gold complex. The compounds are characterized by NMR-spectroscopy, ESI-MS, elemental analysis and SC-XRD. The mono-ester Au complex shows quantum yields around 18%. In contrast, the corresponding syn-di-ester Au complex, exhibits significantly lower quantum yields of around 8%. Due to insufficient water solubility of the di-ester, only the mono-ester complex has been tested regarding its antiproliferative activity against HeLa- (cervix) and MCF-7- (breast) cancer cell lines and a healthy fibroblast cell line (V79). IC50 values of 7.26 μM in the HeLa cell line and 7.92 μM in the MCF-7 cell line along with selectivity indices of 8.8 (HeLa) and 8.0 (MCF-7) are obtained. These selectivity indices are significantly higher than those obtained for the reference drugs cisplatin or auranofin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H. G. Jakob
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Bruno Dominelli
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Jonas F. Schlagintweit
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Pauline J. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Franziska Schuderer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Robert M. Reich
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaCampus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional N° 10 (km 139,7)2695-066Bobadela LRSPortugal
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaCampus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional N° 10 (km 139,7)2695-066Bobadela LRSPortugal
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
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Dominelli B, Jakob CH, Oberkofler J, Fischer PJ, Esslinger EM, Reich RM, Marques F, Pinheiro T, Correia JD, Kühn FE. Mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic activity of syn/anti-isomers of dinuclear Au(I) NHC complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Jakob CHG, Dominelli B, Hahn EM, Berghausen TO, Pinheiro T, Marques F, Reich RM, Correia JDG, Kühn FE. Antiproliferative Activity of Functionalized Histidine-derived Au(I) bis-NHC Complexes for Bioconjugation. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2754-2762. [PMID: 32592289 PMCID: PMC7689731 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of histidine derived Au(I) bis-NHC complexes bearing different ester, amide and carboxylic acid functionalities as well as wingtip substituents is synthesized and characterized. The stability in aqueous media, in vitro cytotoxicity in a set of cancer cell lines (MCF7, PC3 and A2780/A2780cisR) along with the cellular uptake are evaluated. Stability tests suggest hydrolysis of the ester within 8 h, which might lead to deactivation. Furthermore, the bis-NHC system shows a sufficient stability against cysteine and the thiol containing peptide GSH. The benzyl ester and amide show the highest activity comparable to the benchmark compound cisplatin, with the ester only displaying a slightly lower cytotoxicity than the amide. A cellular uptake study revealed that the benzyl ester and the amide could have different intracellular distribution profiles but both complexes induce perturbations of the cellular physiological processes. The simple modifiability and high stability of the complexes provides a promising system for upcoming post modifications to enable targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H. G. Jakob
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Bruno Dominelli
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Eva M. Hahn
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Tobias O. Berghausen
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Teresa Pinheiro
- Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesDepartamento de Engenharia e Ciências NuclearesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv. Rovisco Pais 11049-001LisboaPortugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias NuclearesDepartamento de Engenharia e Ciências NuclearesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaCTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7)2695-066Bobadela LRSPortugal
| | - Robert M. Reich
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias NuclearesDepartamento de Engenharia e Ciências NuclearesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaCTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7)2695-066Bobadela LRSPortugal
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
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Jakob CHG, Dominelli B, Rieb J, Jandl C, Pöthig A, Reich RM, Correia JDG, Kühn FE. Dinuclear Gold(I) Complexes Bearing N,N'-Allyl-Bridged Bisimidazolylidene Ligands. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1848-1851. [PMID: 32348033 PMCID: PMC7687270 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel N,N'-allyl-bridged bisimidazolium salt and a novel dinuclear Ag(I) and a Au(I) NHC complex are reported. Both metallacyclic complexes have a twisted structural shape due to the rigid allylic system and form two different isomers relating to the position of the double bonds. The allyl-group shows photoisomerisation, but no reactivity towards bases for the additional coordination of Pd(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H. G. Jakob
- Catalysis Research CenterMolecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenErnst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Bruno Dominelli
- Catalysis Research CenterMolecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenErnst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Julia Rieb
- Catalysis Research CenterMolecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenErnst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Catalysis Research CenterMolecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenErnst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research CenterMolecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenErnst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Robert M. Reich
- Catalysis Research CenterMolecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenErnst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências NuclearesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaCampus Tecnológico e NuclearEstrada Nacional N° 10 (km 139,7)2695-066Bobadela LRSPortugal
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Catalysis Research CenterMolecular CatalysisTechnische Universität MünchenErnst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
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Dominelli B, Roberts GM, Jandl C, Fischer PJ, Reich RM, Pöthig A, Correia JDG, Kühn FE. Dinuclear zwitterionic silver(i) and gold(i) complexes bearing 2,2-acetate-bridged bisimidazolylidene ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14036-14043. [PMID: 31490498 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Four novel dinuclear Ag(i) and Au(i) NHC complexes bearing two 2,2-acetate-bridged bisimidazolylidene ligands (R = Me and iPr) of zwitterionic and metallacyclic forms are reported. The functionalized methylene bridge of the ligands leads to water soluble complexes, which have been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction in the case of La-H2-PF6, Ag2(La)2, Ag2(Lb)2 and Au2(La)2. Dimerization processes caused by hydrogen bonding or Ag(i)-carboxylate interactions in the solid state were observed for La-H2-PF6 and Ag2(La)2. DOSY NMR experiments confirmed that both bisimidazolium salts appear as dimers in aqueous solutions, in contrast to the corresponding monomeric Ag(i) and Au(i) complexes. Both gold(i) complexes form syn- and anti-isomers analogous to the reference coinage metal-based complexes. Protonation studies of the syn-isomer gold(i) complex Au2(La)2 were successful, whereas post-modification esterification or amidation reactions were not feasible. Additionally, decarboxylation reactions (thermally induced Krapcho- or oxidative Hunsdiecker-type) of the bisimidazolium salts were observed. Thus, the proximity of the carboxyl moiety to imidazolium/imidazolylidene rings seems to negatively affect stability and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Dominelli
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Gerri M Roberts
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Christian Jandl
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Pauline J Fischer
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Robert M Reich
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional N° 10 (km 139, 7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
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Rieb J, Dominelli B, Mayer D, Jandl C, Drechsel J, Heydenreuter W, Sieber SA, Kühn FE. Influence of wing-tip substituents and reaction conditions on the structure, properties and cytotoxicity of Ag(i)- and Au(i)-bis(NHC) complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:2722-2735. [PMID: 28174778 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04559f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The formation of different conformers of dinuclear silver(i) and gold(i) 1,1'-(2-hydroxyethane-1,1-diyl) bridge-functionalized bis(NHC) complexes with various wing-tip substituents (R = methyl, isopropyl and mesityl) has been investigated using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and SC-XRD as well as DFT calculations. The ratio of anti/syn isomers strongly depends both on wing-tip substituents and the metal. Moreover, the reaction temperature plays a significant role during the transmetallation process for the ratio of gold(i) conformers, which is further affected by purification procedures. All obtained Au(i)-bis(NHC) complexes have been applied in a standard MTT assay performed for screening the antiproliferative activity against human lung and liver cancer cells. Strong evidence for a significant influence of both wing-tip substituents and conformation on the cytotoxic properties of the applied complexes has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rieb
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Bruno Dominelli
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - David Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Christian Jandl
- Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Jonas Drechsel
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Heydenreuter
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
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