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Breton F, Souza GC, Lorke A, Dubois P, Jodeau M, Moilleron R, Vinçon-Leite B, Jan J, Borovec J, Lemaire BJ. Assessment of two non-invasive techniques for measuring turbulent benthic fluxes in a shallow lake. Environ Pollut 2024; 351:124032. [PMID: 38670425 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Benthic fluxes refer to the exchange rates of nutrients and other compounds between the water column and the sediment bed in aquatic ecosystems. Their quantification contributes to our understanding of aquatic ecosystem functioning. Near-bed hydrodynamics plays an important role at the sediment-water interface, especially in shallow lakes, but it is poorly considered by traditional measuring techniques of flux quantification, such as sediment incubations. Thus, alternative sampling techniques are needed to characterize key benthic fluxes under in-situ hydrodynamic conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of two promising methods: relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) and mass transfer coefficient (MTC). We applied them in a hyper-eutrophic shallow lake to measure the fluxes of ammonium, phosphate, iron, and manganese ions. For the first time, REA revealed hourly nutrient flux variations, indicating a strong lake biogeochemical dynamics at short time-scales. Daily average fluxes are of similar orders of magnitude for REA and MTC for ammonium (24 and 42 mmol m2 d-1), manganese (1.0 and 0.8), and iron (0.8 and 0.7) ions. They are one order of magnitude higher than fluxes estimated from sediment incubations, due to the difficulty in reproducing in-situ oxygen and hydrodynamic conditions in the laboratory. Although the accuracy of both techniques needs to be improved, the results revealed their potential: REA follows the short-term biogeochemical dynamics of sediments, while MTC could be widely used for lake monitoring because of its simpler implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Breton
- ISBB, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic.
| | - Guilherme Calabro Souza
- LEESU, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Marne-La-Vallée, France; LHSV, Ecole des Ponts, EDF R&D, Cerema, Chatou, France
| | - Andreas Lorke
- University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Philippe Dubois
- LEESU, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Marne-La-Vallée, France
| | - Magali Jodeau
- LHSV, Ecole des Ponts, EDF R&D, Cerema, Chatou, France
| | - Régis Moilleron
- LEESU, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Marne-La-Vallée, France
| | | | - Jiří Jan
- ISBB, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Borovec
- ISBB, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno J Lemaire
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Hydrosystèmes Continentaux Anthropisés - Ressources, Risques, Restauration, Antony, France; Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Palaiseau, France
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2
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Hong Y, Soulignac F, Roguet A, Li C, Lemaire BJ, Martins RS, Lucas F, Vinçon-Leite B. Impact of Escherichia coli from stormwater drainage on recreational water quality: an integrated monitoring and modelling of urban catchment, pipes and lake. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:2245-2259. [PMID: 32876821 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, recreational waterbodies are increasingly favoured in urban areas. In spite of the growing concerns for maintaining the required bathing water quality, the impacts of stormwater drainage are still poorly controlled. In this context, this study originally develops an integrated urban catchment-pipes-lake monitoring and modelling approach to simulate the impacts of microbial quality from stormwater drainage on recreational water quality. The modelling system consists of three separated components: the urban catchment component, the 3D lake hydrodynamic component and the 3D lake water quality component. A series of processes are simulated in the model, such as rainfall-discharge, build-up, wash-off of Escherichia coli (E. coli) on urban surfaces, sewer flows, hydrothermal dynamics of lake water and transport and mortality of E. coli in the lake. This integrated model is tested for an urban catchment and its related recreational lake located in the Great Paris region. Continuous monitoring and samplings were performed at the stormwater drainage outlet and three different sites in the lake. Comparing the measured data with simulation results over 20 months, the modelling system can correctly represent the E. coli dynamics in the stormwater sewer systems and in the lake. Although uncertainties related to parameter values, pollution sources and E. coli mortality processes could be further discussed, the good performance of this modelling approach emphasizes a promising potential for urban bathing water quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- LEESU, MA 102, École des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, UPEC, UPE, 77420, Champs-sur-Marne, France.
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Frédéric Soulignac
- Ecological Engineering Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adélaïde Roguet
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Chenlu Li
- LEESU, MA 102, École des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, UPEC, UPE, 77420, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Bruno J Lemaire
- LEESU, MA 102, École des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, UPEC, UPE, 77420, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | | | - Françoise Lucas
- LEESU, MA 102, École des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, UPEC, UPE, 77420, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Brigitte Vinçon-Leite
- LEESU, MA 102, École des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, UPEC, UPE, 77420, Champs-sur-Marne, France
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3
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Hmimina G, Hulot FD, Humbert JF, Quiblier C, Tambosco K, Lemaire BJ, Vinçon-Leite B, Audebert L, Soudani K. Linking phytoplankton pigment composition and optical properties: A framework for developing remote-sensing metrics for monitoring cyanobacteria. Water Res 2019; 148:504-514. [PMID: 30414535 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study has been performed in the framework of a research program aiming to develop a low-cost aerial sensor for the monitoring of cyanobacteria in freshwater ecosystems that could be used for early detection. Several empirical and mechanistic remote-sensing tools have been already developed and tested at large scales and have proven useful in monitoring cyanobacterial blooms. However, the effectiveness of these tools for early detection is hard to assess because such work requires the detection of low concentrations of characteristic pigments amid complex ecosystems exhibiting several confounding factors (turbidity, blooms of other species, etc.). We developed a framework for performing high-throughput measurements of the absorbance and reflectance of small volumes (∼ = 20 mL) of controlled mixtures of phytoplankton species and studied the potential of this framework to validate remote-sensing proxies of cyanobacteria concentration. The absorption and reflectance spectra of single and multiple cultures carried a specific signal that allowed for the quantitative analysis of culture mixes. This specific signal was shown to be related to known pigment absorbance spectra. The concentrations of chlorophyll-a and -b, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin could be obtained from direct absorbance measurements and were correlated with the concentration obtained after pigment extraction (R2 ≥ 0.96 for all pigments). A systematic test of every possible two-band and three-band normalized difference between optical indices was then performed, and the coincidental correlation with chlorophyll-b (absent in cyanobacteria) was used as an indicator of non-specificity. Two-band indices were shown to suffer from non-specificity issues and could not yield strong and specific relationships with phycocyanin or phycoerythrin (maximum R2 < 0.5). On the other hand, the three-band modified normalized difference indices yielded strong specific relationships (R2 > 0.8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Hmimina
- Ecologie Systematique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Florence D Hulot
- Ecologie Systematique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | | | - Catherine Quiblier
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7245 MNHN-CNRS, 75231 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75 013, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Tambosco
- iEES Paris-INRA, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bruno J Lemaire
- LEESU, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, UPEC, UPE, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | | | - Louise Audebert
- Ecologie Systematique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Kamel Soudani
- Ecologie Systematique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91400, Orsay, France.
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Roguet A, Therial C, Catherine A, Bressy A, Varrault G, Bouhdamane L, Tran V, Lemaire BJ, Vincon-Leite B, Saad M, Moulin L, Lucas FS. Importance of Local and Regional Scales in Shaping Mycobacterial Abundance in Freshwater Lakes. Microb Ecol 2018; 75:834-846. [PMID: 29063147 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biogeographical studies considering the entire bacterial community may underestimate mechanisms of bacterial assemblages at lower taxonomic levels. In this context, the study aimed to identify factors affecting the spatial and temporal dynamic of the Mycobacterium, a genus widespread in aquatic ecosystems. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) density variations were quantified in the water column of freshwater lakes at the regional scale (annual monitoring of 49 lakes in the Paris area) and at the local scale (2-year monthly monitoring in Créteil Lake) by real-time quantitative PCR targeting the atpE gene. At the regional scale, mycobacteria densities in water samples ranged from 6.7 × 103 to 1.9 × 108 genome units per liter. Density variations were primarily explained by water pH, labile iron, and dispersal processes through the connection of the lakes to a river. In Créteil Lake, no spatial variation of mycobacterial densities was noticed over the 2-year monthly survey, except after large rainfall events. Indeed, storm sewer effluents locally and temporarily increased NTM densities in the water column. The temporal dynamic of the NTM densities in Créteil Lake was associated with suspended solid concentrations. No clear seasonal variation was noticed despite a shift in NTM densities observed over the 2012-2013 winter. Temporal NTM densities fluctuations were well predicted by the neutral community model, suggesting a random balance between loss and gain of mycobacterial taxa within Créteil Lake. This study highlights the importance of considering multiple spatial scales for understanding the spatio-temporal dynamic of bacterial populations in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Roguet
- Leesu, UMR-MA 102, UPEC, École des Ponts, AgroParisTech, 94000, Créteil, France.
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA.
| | - Claire Therial
- Leesu, UMR-MA 102, UPEC, École des Ponts, AgroParisTech, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Arnaud Catherine
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM UMR 7245), Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Case 39, 57 rue Cuvier, FR 75005, Paris, France
| | - Adèle Bressy
- Leesu, UMR-MA 102, UPEC, École des Ponts, AgroParisTech, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Gilles Varrault
- Leesu, UMR-MA 102, UPEC, École des Ponts, AgroParisTech, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Lila Bouhdamane
- Leesu, UMR-MA 102, UPEC, École des Ponts, AgroParisTech, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Viet Tran
- Leesu, UMR-MA 102, UPEC, École des Ponts, AgroParisTech, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Bruno J Lemaire
- Leesu, UMR-MA 102, UPEC, École des Ponts, AgroParisTech, 94000, Créteil, France
| | | | - Mohamed Saad
- Leesu, UMR-MA 102, UPEC, École des Ponts, AgroParisTech, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Moulin
- Eau de Paris, Direction Recherche et Développement Qualité de l'Eau (DRDQE), 33 avenue Jean Jaurès, FR 94200, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Françoise S Lucas
- Leesu, UMR-MA 102, UPEC, École des Ponts, AgroParisTech, 94000, Créteil, France
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Kerimoglu O, Jacquet S, Vinçon-Leite B, Lemaire BJ, Rimet F, Soulignac F, Trévisan D, Anneville O. Modelling the plankton groups of the deep, peri-alpine Lake Bourget. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fadel A, Lemaire BJ, Vinçon-Leite B, Atoui A, Slim K, Tassin B. On the successful use of a simplified model to simulate the succession of toxic cyanobacteria in a hypereutrophic reservoir with a highly fluctuating water level. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:20934-20948. [PMID: 28721624 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many freshwater bodies worldwide that suffer from harmful algal blooms would benefit for their management from a simple ecological model that requires few field data, e.g. for early warning systems. Beyond a certain degree, adding processes to ecological models can reduce model predictive capabilities. In this work, we assess whether a simple ecological model without nutrients is able to describe the succession of cyanobacterial blooms of different species in a hypereutrophic reservoir and help understand the factors that determine these blooms. In our study site, Karaoun Reservoir, Lebanon, cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon ovalisporum and Microcystis aeruginosa alternatively bloom. A simple configuration of the model DYRESM-CAEDYM was used; both cyanobacteria were simulated, with constant vertical migration velocity for A. ovalisporum, with vertical migration velocity dependent on light for M. aeruginosa and with growth limited by light and temperature and not by nutrients for both species. The model was calibrated on two successive years with contrasted bloom patterns and high variations in water level. It was able to reproduce the measurements; it showed a good performance for the water level (root-mean-square error (RMSE) lower than 1 m, annual variation of 25 m), water temperature profiles (RMSE of 0.22-1.41 °C, range 13-28 °C) and cyanobacteria biomass (RMSE of 1-57 μg Chl a L-1, range 0-206 μg Chl a L-1). The model also helped understand the succession of blooms in both years. The model results suggest that the higher growth rate of M. aeruginosa during favourable temperature and light conditions allowed it to outgrow A. ovalisporum. Our results show that simple model configurations can be sufficient not only for theoretical works when few major processes can be identified but also for operational applications. This approach could be transposed on other hypereutrophic lakes and reservoirs to describe the competition between dominant phytoplankton species, contribute to early warning systems or be used for management scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fadel
- National Center for Remote Sensing, National Council for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2260, Lebanon.
| | - Bruno J Lemaire
- Université Paris-Est, LEESU, UPEC, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, F-77455, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Brigitte Vinçon-Leite
- Université Paris-Est, LEESU, UPEC, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, F-77455, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Ali Atoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Food Irradiation, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission-CNRS, P.O. Box 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2260, Lebanon
| | - Kamal Slim
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Food Irradiation, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission-CNRS, P.O. Box 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2260, Lebanon
| | - Bruno Tassin
- Université Paris-Est, LEESU, UPEC, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, F-77455, Marne-la-Vallée, France
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Fadel A, Atoui A, Lemaire BJ, Vinçon-Leite B, Slim K. Environmental factors associated with phytoplankton succession in a Mediterranean reservoir with a highly fluctuating water level. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:633. [PMID: 26383738 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms have become a worldwide environmental problem. Understanding the mechanisms and processes that control algal blooms is of great concern. The phytoplankton community of Karaoun Reservoir, the largest water body in Lebanon, is poorly studied, as in many freshwater bodies around the Mediterranean Sea. Sampling campaigns were conducted semi-monthly between May 2012 and August 2013 to assess the dynamics of its phytoplankton community in response to changes in physical-chemical and hydrological conditions. Karaoun Reservoir is a monomictic waterbody and strongly stratifies between May and August. Changes in its phytoplankton community were found to be a result of the interplay between water temperature, stratification, irradiance, nutrient availability and water level. Thermal stratification established in spring reduced the growth of diatoms and resulted in their replacement by green algae species when nutrient availability was high and water temperatures lower than 22 °C. At water temperature higher than 25 °C and low nutrient concentrations in summer, blooms of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa occurred. Despite different growth conditions in other lakes and reservoir, cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon ovalisporum dominated at temperatures lower than 23 °C in weakly stratified conditions in early autumn and dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella dominated in mixed conditions, at low light intensity and a water temperature of 19 °C in late autumn. We believe that the information presented in this paper will increase the knowledge about phytoplankton dynamics in the Mediterranean region and contribute to a safer usage of reservoir waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fadel
- Université Paris-Est, LEESU (UMR MA-102)l, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, F-77455, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
- National Center for Remote Sensing, National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), P.O. Box 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2260, Lebanon.
| | - Ali Atoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Food Irradiation, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission-CNRS, P.O. Box 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2260, Lebanon.
| | - Bruno J Lemaire
- Université Paris-Est, LEESU (UMR MA-102)l, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, F-77455, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
- AgroParisTech, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Brigitte Vinçon-Leite
- Université Paris-Est, LEESU (UMR MA-102)l, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, F-77455, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | - Kamal Slim
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Food Irradiation, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission-CNRS, P.O. Box 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2260, Lebanon.
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Fadel A, Lemaire BJ, Atoui A, Vinçon‐Leite B, Amacha N, Slim K, Tassin B. First assessment of the ecological status of
K
araoun reservoir,
L
ebanon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/lre.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fadel
- LEESU (UMR MA‐102) Université Paris‐Est Ecole des Ponts ParisTech AgroParisTech Marne‐la‐Vallée France
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Food Irradiation Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission‐ CNRS Beirut Lebanon
| | - Bruno J. Lemaire
- LEESU (UMR MA‐102) Université Paris‐Est Ecole des Ponts ParisTech AgroParisTech Marne‐la‐Vallée France
- AgroParisTech Paris France
| | - Ali Atoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Food Irradiation Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission‐ CNRS Beirut Lebanon
| | - Brigitte Vinçon‐Leite
- LEESU (UMR MA‐102) Université Paris‐Est Ecole des Ponts ParisTech AgroParisTech Marne‐la‐Vallée France
| | - Nabil Amacha
- Faculty of Science Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon
- Litani River Authority Beirut Lebanon
| | - Kamal Slim
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Food Irradiation Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission‐ CNRS Beirut Lebanon
- Faculty of Science Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon
| | - Bruno Tassin
- LEESU (UMR MA‐102) Université Paris‐Est Ecole des Ponts ParisTech AgroParisTech Marne‐la‐Vallée France
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Ndong M, Bird D, Nguyen-Quang T, de Boutray ML, Zamyadi A, Vinçon-Leite B, Lemaire BJ, Prévost M, Dorner S. Estimating the risk of cyanobacterial occurrence using an index integrating meteorological factors: application to drinking water production. Water Res 2014; 56:98-108. [PMID: 24657327 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The sudden appearance of toxic cyanobacteria (CB) blooms is still largely unpredictable in waters worldwide. Many post-hoc explanations for CB bloom occurrence relating to physical and biochemical conditions in lakes have been developed. As potentially toxic CB can accumulate in drinking water treatment plants and disrupt water treatment, there is a need for water treatment operators to determine whether conditions are favourable for the proliferation and accumulation of CB in source waters in order to adjust drinking water treatment accordingly. Thus, a new methodology with locally adaptable variables is proposed in order to have a single index, f(p), related to various environmental factors such as temperature, wind speed and direction. The index is used in conjunction with real time monitoring data to determine the probability of CB occurrence in relation to meteorological factors, and was tested at a drinking water intake in Missisquoi Bay, a shallow transboundary bay in Lake Champlain, Québec, Canada. These environmental factors alone were able to explain a maximum probability of 68% that a CB bloom would occur at the drinking water treatment plant. Nutrient limitation also influences CB blooms and intense blooms only occurred when the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to total phosphorus (TP) mass ratio was below 3. Additional monitoring of DIN and TP could be considered for these source waters prone to cyanobacterial blooms to determine periods of favourable growth. Real time monitoring and the use of the index could permit an adequate and timely response to CB blooms in drinking water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamed Ndong
- École Polytechnique de Montreal, Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3A7.
| | - David Bird
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Tri Nguyen-Quang
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro-Bible Hill (Nova Scotia), Canada B2N 5E3
| | - Marie-Laure de Boutray
- École Polytechnique de Montreal, Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Arash Zamyadi
- École Polytechnique de Montreal, Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Brigitte Vinçon-Leite
- LEESU, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est, 6 et 8 avenue Blaise Pascal, Cité Descartes, 77455 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Bruno J Lemaire
- LEESU, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est, 6 et 8 avenue Blaise Pascal, Cité Descartes, 77455 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France; AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Prévost
- École Polytechnique de Montreal, Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Sarah Dorner
- École Polytechnique de Montreal, Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3A7
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Hannouche A, Chebbo G, Ruban G, Tassin B, Lemaire BJ, Joannis C. Relationship between turbidity and total suspended solids concentration within a combined sewer system. Water Sci Technol 2011; 64:2445-2452. [PMID: 22170840 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This article confirms the existence of a strong linear relationship between turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) concentration. However, the slope of this relation varies between dry and wet weather conditions, as well as between sites. The effect of this variability on estimating the instantaneous wet weather TSS concentration is assessed on the basis of the size of the calibration dataset used to establish the turbidity - TSS relationship. Results obtained indicate limited variability both between sites and during dry weather, along with a significant inter-event variability. Moreover, turbidity allows an evaluation of TSS concentrations with an acceptable level of accuracy for a reasonable rainfall event sampling campaign effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hannouche
- Université Paris-Est / AgroParisTech, Cité Descartes, Champs-sur-Marne, France.
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11
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Lemaire BJ, Davidson P, Ferré J, Jamet JP, Petermann D, Panine P, Dozov I, Stoenescu D, Jovilet JP. The complex phase behaviour of suspensions of goethite (α-FeOOH) nanorods in a magnetic field. Faraday Discuss 2005; 128:271-83. [PMID: 15658779 DOI: 10.1039/b403074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In 1902, Majorana reported the magneto-optical properties of aqueous colloidal suspensions of mixed iron oxides. Oddly enough, the magnetic-field induced birefringence displayed a non-monotonic dependence upon field intensity. This behaviour was later interpreted as due to the existence in these sols of at least two different chemical species. During the course of our studies of mineral liquid crystals, we have revisited this problem by examining aqueous suspensions of pure goethite (alpha-FeOOH) nanorods. Although they are comprised of a single chemical species, these suspensions show the same odd behaviour reported by Majorana. Moreover, we show that, as the volume fraction increases, the suspensions have an isotropic liquid/nematic/rectangular columnar phase sequence, with first-order transitions between these phases. The non-monotonic dependence of the field-induced birefringence can be explained by the existence of a remanent magnetic moment of the nanorods and the negative anisotropy of their magnetic susceptibility. Therefore, the nanorods align parallel to a weak field but realign perpendicular to the field beyond Bc approximately 375 mT. In addition, other interesting phenomena appear upon application of a magnetic field: the disordered (i.e. isotropic in zero-field) phase becomes highly anisotropic and difficult to distinguish from the nematic phase. Both phases then acquire not only quadrupolar order but also dipolar order. The rectangular columnar phase is strongly stabilised versus the nematic one. Our experimental observations raise new theoretical questions about the phase diagram of these suspensions with respect to volume fraction and magnetic field intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno J Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR CNRS 8502, Bâtiment 510 Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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Lemaire BJ, Davidson P, Panine P, Jolivet JP. Magnetic-field-induced nematic-columnar phase transition in aqueous suspensions of goethite (alpha-FeOOH) nanorods. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:267801. [PMID: 15698022 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.267801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal aqueous suspensions of goethite lath-shaped nanorods form nematic and isotropic phases. We show that they also display a 2D rectangular (c2mm) columnar phase at volume fractions phi larger than 15%. Interestingly, the nematic-columnar first-order transition can also be triggered by applying to the nematic phase a magnetic field of intensity decreasing with phi (1 T at 8.5%; 0.5 T at 12%). Single domains of the columnar phase were thus produced and their structure investigated by synchrotron x-ray scattering. This magnetic-field-induced transition is fully reversible and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR CNRS 8502, Bâtiment 510, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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Lemaire BJ, Davidson P, Petermann D, Panine P, Dozov I, Stoenescu D, Jolivet JP. Physical properties of aqueous suspensions of goethite (alpha-FeOOH) nanorods. Part II: In the nematic phase. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2004; 13:309-319. [PMID: 15103524 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2003-10079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
At volume fractions larger than 8.5%, aqueous suspensions of lath-like goethite (alpha-FeOOH) nanorods form a lyotropic nematic phase. In this article, we first discuss the nematic ordering within statistical-physics models of the isotropic/nematic phase transition. We then describe the influence of a magnetic field on the nematic phase. Because the nanorods bear permanent magnetic moments, the nematic suspensions have dipolar order and very low Frederiks thresholds. Moreover, the nematic phase aligns parallel to a small magnetic field but realigns perpendicular to a high field because of a competition between the permanent moments of the nanorods and their negative anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. This magneto-optical study of the nematic phase is completely consistent with that of the isotropic phase of the same suspensions published in Part I (this issue, p. 291). Besides, we demonstrate the field-induced biaxiality of a nematic single domain aligned perpendicular to the field. We also describe here preliminary experiments where an a.c. electric field is applied to the nematic phase. Both field amplitude and frequency were found to control the alignment direction and homeotropic-to-planar alignment transitions were observed. From this data, simple models were used to estimate some physical constants of the nematic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR CNRS 8502, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay, France
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Lemaire BJ, Davidson P, Ferré J, Jamet JP, Petermann D, Panine P, Dozov I, Jolivet JP. Physical properties of aqueous suspensions of goethite (alpha-FeOOH) nanorods. Part I: In the isotropic phase. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2004; 13:291-308. [PMID: 15103523 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2003-10078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Depending on volume fraction, aqueous suspensions of goethite (alpha-FeOOH) nanorods form a liquid-crystalline nematic phase (above 8.5%) or an isotropic liquid phase (below 5.5%). In this article, we investigate by small-angle X-ray scattering, magneto-optics, and magnetometry the influence of a magnetic field on the isotropic phase. After a brief description of the synthesis and characterisation of the goethite nanorod suspensions, we show that the disordered phase becomes very anisotropic under a magnetic field that aligns the particles. Moreover, we observe that the nanorods align parallel to a small field (< 350 mT), but realign perpendicular to a large enough field (> 350 mT). This phenomenon is interpreted as due to the competition between the influence of the nanorod permanent magnetic moment and a negative anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. Our interpretation is supported by the behaviour of the suspensions in an alternating magnetic field. Finally, we propose a model that explains all experimental observations in a consistent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR CNRS 8502, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay, France
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Lemaire BJ, Davidson P, Ferré J, Jamet JP, Panine P, Dozov I, Jolivet JP. Outstanding magnetic properties of nematic suspensions of goethite (alpha-FeOOH) nanorods. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:125507. [PMID: 11909477 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.125507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous suspensions of goethite (alpha-FeOOH) nanorods form a mineral lyotropic nematic phase that aligns in a very low magnetic field (20 mT for samples 20 microm thick). The particles orient along the field direction at intensities smaller than 350 mT, but they reorient perpendicular to the field beyond 350 mT. This outstanding behavior is also observed in the isotropic phase which has a very strong magnetic-field induced birefringence that could be interesting for applications. We interpret these magnetic effects as resulting from a competition between a nanorod remanent magnetic moment and a negative anisotropy of its magnetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR CNRS 8502, Bâtiment 510, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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Abstract
Ordering particles at the nanometre length scale is a challenging and active research area in materials science. Several approaches have so far been developed, ranging from the manipulation of individual particles to the exploitation of self-assembly in colloids. Nanometre-scale ordering is well known to appear spontaneously when anisotropic organic moieties form liquid-crystalline phases; this behaviour is also observed for anisotropic mineral nanoparticles resulting in the formation of nematic, smectic and hexagonal mesophases. Here we describe a lyotropic liquid-crystalline lamellar phase comprising an aqueous dispersion of planar solid-like sheets in which all the atoms involved in a layer are covalently bonded. The spacing of these phosphatoantimonate single layers can be increased 100-fold, resulting in one-dimensional structures whose periodicity can be tuned from 1.5 to 225 nanometres. These highly organized materials can be mechanically or magnetically aligned over large pH and temperature ranges, and this property can be used to measure residual dipolar couplings for the structure determination of biomolecules by liquid-state NMR. We also expect that our approach will result in the discovery of other classes of mineral lyotropic lamellar phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Gabriel
- Sciences Moléculaires aux Interfaces, FRE 2068 CNRS, 2 rue de Houssinière, BP 32229, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
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