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Pota G, Armanetti P, Silvestri B, de Gennaro B, Zanfardino A, Napoli MD, Varcamonti M, Landi G, Pezzella A, Costantini A, Luciani G, Menichetti L. Biosustainable Hybrid Nanoplatforms as Photoacoustic Agents. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400013. [PMID: 38509742 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The development of biosafe theranostic nanoplatforms has attracted great attention due to their multifunctional behavior, reduced potential toxicity, and improved long-term safety. When considering photoacoustic contrast agents and photothermal conversion tools, melanin and constructs like melanin are highly appealing due to their ability to absorb optical energy and convert it into heat. Following a sustainable approach, in this study, silver-melanin like-silica nanoplatforms are synthesized exploiting different bio-available and inexpensive phenolic acids as potential melanogenic precursors and exploring their role in tuning the final systems architecture. The UV-Vis combined with X-Ray Diffraction investigation proves metallic silver formation, while Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis reveals that different morphologies can be obtained by properly selecting the phenolic precursors. By looking at the characterization results, a tentative formation mechanism is proposed to explain how phenolic precursors' redox behavior may affect the nanoplatforms' structure. The antibacterial activity experiments showed that all synthesized systems have a strong inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, even at low concentrations. Furthermore, very sensitive Photoacoustic Imaging capabilities and significant photothermal behavior under laser irradiation are exhibited. Finally, a marked influence of phenol nature on the final system architecture is revealed resulting in a significant effect on both biological and photoacoustic features of the obtained systems. These melanin-based hybrid systems exhibit excellent potential as triggerable nanoplatforms for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pota
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V.Tecchio, 80, Naples, NA, 80125, Italy
| | - Paolo Armanetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, indirizzo Via G.Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Brigida Silvestri
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, Naples, NA, 80125, Italy
| | - Bruno de Gennaro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V.Tecchio, 80, Naples, NA, 80125, Italy
| | - Anna Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia, 21, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Michela Di Napoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia, 21, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia, 21, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Gianluca Landi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili STEMS-CNR, Via Guglielmo Marconi, 4, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti, 9, Florence, 50121, Italy
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy
- Department of Physics Ettore Pancini, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia, 21, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Aniello Costantini
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V.Tecchio, 80, Naples, NA, 80125, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Luciani
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V.Tecchio, 80, Naples, NA, 80125, Italy
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, indirizzo Via G.Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
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de Gennaro B, Cappi A, de Gennaro M, Bianco N, Langella A, Cappelletti P, Marocco A, Aprea P, Pansini M. Use of Zeolites in the Capture and Storage of Thermal Energy by Water Desorption-Adsorption Cycles. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5574. [PMID: 36013713 PMCID: PMC9414500 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, four zeolite-bearing materials (three naturally occurring and one of synthetic origin) were considered for thermal energy capture and storage. Such materials can store thermal energy as heat of desorption of the water present therein, heat that is given back when water vapor is allowed to be re-adsorbed by zeolites. This study was carried out by determining the loss of water after different activation thermal treatments, the water adsorption kinetics and isotherm after an activation step of the zeolites, the intergranular and intragranular porosity, and the thermal conductivity of the zeolite-bearing materials. Moreover, the thermal stability of the framework of the zeolites of the four materials tested was investigated over a large number of thermal cycles. The results indicate that zeolite 13X was the most suitable material for thermal energy storage and suggest its use in the capture and storage of thermal energy that derives from thermal energy waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de Gennaro
- ACLabs-Applied Chemistry Labs, Department of Chemical, Materials Engineering and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Cappi
- CBC Group SpA, Via Casellina 269, 41058 Vignola, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Bianco
- CeSMA-Laboratory for Insulating Materials Thermal Conductivity Measurements, Centro Servizi Metrologici E Tecnolgici Avanzati Complesso, Universitario San Giovanni, 80146 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Langella
- DiSTAR-Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Dell’ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Piergiulio Cappelletti
- DiSTAR-Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Dell’ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Marocco
- INSTM Research Unit, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Via G. Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Paolo Aprea
- ACLabs-Applied Chemistry Labs, Department of Chemical, Materials Engineering and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Pansini
- INSTM Research Unit, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Via G. Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
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Smiljanić D, Daković A, Obradović M, Ožegović M, Izzo F, Germinario C, de Gennaro B. Application of Surfactant Modified Natural Zeolites for the Removal of Salicylic Acid-A Contaminant of Emerging Concern. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14247728. [PMID: 34947322 PMCID: PMC8708488 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to test composites (surfactant modified zeolites prepared by treatment of natural zeolites—clinoptilolite (IZ CLI) and/or phillipsite (PHIL75)-rich tuffs with two different amounts of cationic surfactants: cetylpyridinium chloride (CPyCl) and Arquad® 2HT-75 (ARQ)) for the adsorption of salicylic acid (SA)—a common contaminant of emerging concern. Adsorption of SA was studied at different initial drug concentrations (in the range of 2–100 mg/L) in water solution. The Langmuir isotherm model showed the highest adsorption was achieved by bilayer composite of IZ CLI and CPyCl—around 11 mg/g. Kinetic runs were performed by using the initial drug concentration of 20 mg/L in the time interval from 0 to 75 min and pseudo-second order had good correlation with experimental data. The influence of the four different temperatures on the SA adsorption was also investigated and thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption drug onto composites is an exothermic and nonspontaneous process, followed by the decrease of randomness at the solid/liquid interface during the adsorption. Zeta potential and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) had been performed for the characterization of composites after adsorption of SA confirming the presence of the drug at composite surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Smiljanić
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franche D’ Epere 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (M.O.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra Daković
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franche D’ Epere 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (M.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Milena Obradović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franche D’ Epere 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (M.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Milica Ožegović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franche D’ Epere 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (M.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, Federico II University, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Chiara Germinario
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Bruno de Gennaro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, Federico II University, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
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Smiljanić D, de Gennaro B, Daković A, Galzerano B, Germinario C, Izzo F, Rottinghaus GE, Langella A. Removal of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from water by zeolite-rich composites: The interference of inorganic anions on the ibuprofen and naproxen adsorption. J Environ Manage 2021; 286:112168. [PMID: 33636624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Composites of two natural zeolites - clinoptilolite and phillipsite, and cationic surfactants (cetylpyridinium chloride and Arquad® 2HT-75) were tested for the removal of two emerging contaminants - ibuprofen and naproxen. For each zeolite-rich rock, two different modifications of the zeolitic surfaces were prepared (monolayer and bilayer surfactant coverage). The influence of the initial drug concentrations and contact time on adsorption of these drugs was followed in buffer solution. The Langmuir model showed the highest adsorption capacity for the composite characterized by a bilayered surfactant at the clinoptilolite surface: 19.7 mg/g and 16.1 mg/g for ibuprofen and naproxen, respectively. Also, to simulate real systems, drug adsorption isotherms were conducted in natural water (Grindstone creek water - Columbia, Missouri, USA) by using the best performing adsorbent; in this case, a slight decrease of drug adsorption was recorded. Kinetic runs were performed in distilled water as well as in the presence of ions such as sulfates and bicarbonates; also, in this case, the interfering agents defined an adsorption decrease for bilayer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Smiljanić
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Bruno de Gennaro
- DICMAPI, Federico II University, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Daković
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franche d' Epere 86, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Barbara Galzerano
- DICMAPI, Federico II University, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Germinario
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Department of Earth, Environment, and Resources Sciences, Federico II University, via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - George E Rottinghaus
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Alessio Langella
- Department of Earth, Environment, and Resources Sciences, Federico II University, via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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Izzo F, Mercurio M, de Gennaro B, Aprea P, Cappelletti P, Daković A, Germinario C, Grifa C, Smiljanic D, Langella A. Surface modified natural zeolites (SMNZs) as nanocomposite versatile materials for health and environment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sharififard H, Pepe F, Aprea P, de Gennaro B. Chemical modification of activated carbon surface with iron functional groups for efficient separation of vanadium: batch and column study. Res Chem Intermed 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Marković M, Daković A, Rottinghaus GE, Kragović M, Petković A, Krajišnik D, Milić J, Mercurio M, de Gennaro B. Adsorption of the mycotoxin zearalenone by clinoptilolite and phillipsite zeolites treated with cetylpyridinium surfactant. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 151:324-332. [PMID: 28040664 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, organozeolites were prepared by treatment of the natural zeolites (clinoptilolite and phillipsite) with cetylpyridinium chloride (CP) equivalent to 50 and 100% of their external cation exchange capacities (ECEC). Organoclinoptilolites (ZCPs) and organophillipsites (PCPs) were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, determination of the point of zero charge and zeta potential. Adsorption of zearalenone (ZEN) by ZCPs and PCPs at pH 3 and 7 was investigated. Results showed that adsorption of ZEN increases with increasing amounts of CP at the zeolitic surfaces for both ZCPs and PCPs but the adsorption mechanism was different. Adsorption of ZEN by ZCPs followed a linear type of isotherm at pH 3 and 7 while ZEN adsorption by PCPs showed non linear (Langmuir and Freundlich) type of isotherm at both pH values. Different interactions between the ZEN molecule (or ion) and ZCPs and PCPs occurred: partition (linear isotherms) and adsorption in addition to partition (non linear isotherms), respectively. For the highest level of organic phase at the zeolitic surfaces, the maximum adsorbed amount of ZEN was 5.73mg/g for organoclinoptilolite and 6.86mg/g for organophillipsite at pH 3. Slightly higher adsorption: 6.98mg/g for organoclinoptilolite and 7.54mg/g for organophillipsite was achieved at pH 7. The results confirmed that CP ions at both zeolitic surfaces are responsible for ZEN adsorption and that organophillipsites are as effective in ZEN adsorption as organoclinoptilolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Marković
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franše d' Epere 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Daković
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franše d' Epere 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - George E Rottinghaus
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Milan Kragović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franše d' Epere 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anđela Petković
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franše d' Epere 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danina Krajišnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jela Milić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mariano Mercurio
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via dei Mulini 59/A, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Bruno de Gennaro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, Federico II University, Piazzale V. Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Serri C, de Gennaro B, Quagliariello V, Iaffaioli RV, De Rosa G, Catalanotti L, Biondi M, Mayol L. Surface modified zeolite-based granulates for the sustained release of diclofenac sodium. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 99:202-208. [PMID: 28012939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a granulate for the oral controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium (DS), an anionic sparingly soluble nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been realized by wet granulation, using a surface modified natural zeolite (SMNZ) as an excipient. The surface modification of the zeolite has been achieved by means of a cationic surfactant, so as to allow the loading of DS through ionic interaction and bestow a control over the drug release mechanism. The granules possessed a satisfactory dosage uniformity, a flowability suitable for an oral dosage form manufacturing, along with a sustained drug release up to 9h, driven by both ion exchange and transport kinetics. Furthermore, the obtained granulate did not elicit a significant cytotoxicity and could also induce a prolonged anti-inflammatory effect on RAW264.7 cells. Taking also into account that natural zeolites are generally abundant and economic, SMNZ can be considered as an attracting alternative excipient for the production of granules with sustained release features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Serri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Bruno de Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Vincenzo Iaffaioli
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lilia Catalanotti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Biondi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials - CRIB - Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Laura Mayol
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials - CRIB - Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, Napoli, Italy
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Marković M, Daković A, Krajišnik D, Kragović M, Milić J, Langella A, de Gennaro B, Cappelletti P, Mercurio M. Evaluation of the surfactant/phillipsite composites as carriers for diclofenac sodium. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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de Gennaro B, Catalanotti L, Cappelletti P, Langella A, Mercurio M, Serri C, Biondi M, Mayol L. Surface modified natural zeolite as a carrier for sustained diclofenac release: A preliminary feasibility study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 130:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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de Gennaro B, Catalanotti L, Bowman RS, Mercurio M. Anion exchange selectivity of surfactant modified clinoptilolite-rich tuff for environmental remediation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 430:178-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Colella A, de Gennaro B, Caputo D, Colella C. Solidification of Cd-bearing zeolitic tuff by reaction with lime. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2012; 47:228-236. [PMID: 22242875 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.640894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to find a reliable procedure by which to remove Cd(2+) from water and store it safely. The proposed procedure includes Cd(2+) uptake by a zeolitic tuff, a natural cation exchanger, followed by stabilization of the contaminated solid in a hardened lime matrix. Several tuff-lime pastes were examined and their safety tested by cation leaching and mechanical strength measurement. It was demonstrated that a very cheap mixture, containing only 10% lime, is able to safely retain the harmful cation and may be disposed of in a segregated landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abner Colella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Aprea P, de Gennaro B, Colella C. An unconventional method for the recovery of caustic soda from spent Al-rich pickling solutions. J Environ Manage 2011; 92:1821-1827. [PMID: 21458911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an unconventional procedure for the recovery of spent Al-rich caustic soda solutions from the pickling of dies for the production of aluminium extrusions. Caustic soda was regenerated at roughly 70%, by precipitating aluminate, after addition of a silica source, in the form of zeolite A, a microporous material that is widely used in many technological sectors. It was shown that the process is reliable and can be repeated for several cycles, provided the concentration of the caustic soda solution is suitably restored. The by-product obtained, zeolite A, proved to be a high-grade material with performance as a cation exchanger and physical sorbent that is certainly comparable to that reported in literature (e.g., cation exchange capacity equal to 5.14 meq g(-1) vs. 5.48 meq g(-1) and water vapour adsorption capacity of 26.5% vs. 27.6% at 16 torr and 298 K). The economics of the process, although not examined yet, would appear generally favourable, considering that zeolite A is a valuable by-product which widely covers the costs for the recovery of the spent solutions. There are, therefore, significant prospects for the use of zeolite A, particularly as a builder in detergent formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Aprea
- Dipartimento d'Ingegneria dei Materiali e della Produzione, Università Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.
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