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Murphy BM, Chen JZ, Rolo M, Eldam M, Jordan L, Sivananthan SJ, Kinsey R, Guderian JA, Pedersen K, Abhyankar M, Petri WA, Fox CB, Finlay WH, Vehring R, Martin AR. Intranasal delivery of a synthetic Entamoeba histolytica vaccine containing adjuvant (LecA + GLA-3M-052 liposomes): in vitro characterization. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122141. [PMID: 36058408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amebiasis, a disease caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, is estimated to cause millions of infections and at least 55,000 deaths globally each year. With no vaccine currently available, there is an urgent need for an accessible means of stimulating protective mucosal immunity. The objective of this study was to characterize the nasal spray of a novel amebiasis vaccine candidate from a syringe-based liquid atomization device, the Teleflex MAD Nasal™, in both adult and infant nasal airways. Human ergonomic testing was completed to determine realistic actuation parameters. Spray pattern, plume geometry, and droplet size distribution were measured to evaluate reproducibility of free plume characteristics. The Alberta Idealized Nasal Inlet (AINI) and three realistic infant nasal airways were used to determine the in vitro deposition profile in adult and infant airways, respectively. Collectively, in vitro results demonstrated the feasibility of delivering the vaccine candidate to target sites within the nasal airways. Penetration through the nasal airways that could lead to deposition in the lungs was below the limit of quantification for both adult and infant geometries, indicating a low likelihood of adverse events due to lung exposure. These results support continued investigation of intranasal delivery of the synthetic Entamoeba histolytica vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn M Murphy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John Z Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Lynn Jordan
- Proveris Scientific, Hudson, MA, United States
| | | | - Robert Kinsey
- Access to Advanced Health Institute (AAHI), Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | - Mayuresh Abhyankar
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - William A Petri
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Christopher B Fox
- Access to Advanced Health Institute (AAHI), Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Warren H Finlay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reinhard Vehring
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew R Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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2
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White K, Connor K, Clerkin J, Murphy BM, Salvucci M, O'Farrell AC, Rehm M, O'Brien D, Prehn JHM, Niclou SP, Lamfers MLM, Verreault M, Idbaih A, Verhaak R, Golebiewska A, Byrne AT. New hints towards a precision medicine strategy for IDH wild-type glioblastoma. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1679-1692. [PMID: 32918998 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma represents the most common primary malignancy of the central nervous system in adults and remains a largely incurable disease. The elucidation of disease subtypes based on mutational profiling, gene expression and DNA methylation has so far failed to translate into improved clinical outcomes. However, new knowledge emerging from the subtyping effort in the IDH-wild-type setting may provide directions for future precision therapies. Here, we review recent learnings in the field, and further consider how tumour microenvironment differences across subtypes may reveal novel contexts of vulnerability. We discuss recent treatment approaches and ongoing trials in the IDH-wild-type glioblastoma setting, and propose an integrated discovery stratagem incorporating multi-omics, single-cell technologies and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- K White
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Connor
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Clerkin
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; National Neurosurgical Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B M Murphy
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Salvucci
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A C O'Farrell
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology and Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - D O'Brien
- National Neurosurgical Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J H M Prehn
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - M L M Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Verreault
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - A Idbaih
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - R Verhaak
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - A Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - A T Byrne
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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Murphy BM, Boylan GB, Lightbody G, Marnane WP. Bag of Patterns for Nearest Neighbour Neonatal EEG Recall. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:4558-4561. [PMID: 31946879 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Clinical neurophysiologists often find it difficult to recall rare EEG patterns despite the fact that this information could be diagnostic and help with treatment intervention. Traditional search methods may take time to retrieve the archived EEGs that could provide the meaning or cause of the specific pattern, which is undesirable as time can be critical for sick neonates. If neurophysiologists had the ability to quickly recall similar patterns, the prior occurrence of the pattern may help make an earlier diagnosis. This paper presents a system that may be used to assist a clinical neurophysiologist in the recall of neonatal EEG patterns. This paper compares two brute force approaches for the task of neonatal EEG recall and looks at the performance accuracy, speed and memory requirements. This system was tested on six different neonatal EEG pattern types with 430 events in total and the results are presented in this paper.
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4
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Murphy BM, Boylan GB, Lightbody G, Marnane WP. An Approximate Nearest Neighbour System For Neonatal EEG Recall. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2018; 2018:283-286. [PMID: 30440393 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinical neurophysiologists often find it difficult to recall rare EEG patterns despite the fact that this information could be diagnostic and help with treatment intervention. Traditional search methods may take time to retrieve the archived EEGs that could provide the meaning or cause of the specific pattern which is not acceptable as time can be critical for sick neonates. If neurophysiologists had the ability to quickly recall similar patterns, the prior occurrence of the pattern may help make an earlier diagnosis. This paper presents a system that may be used to assist a clinical neurophysiologist in the recall of neonatal EEG patterns. The proposed system consists of an alignment technique followed by an approximate nearest neighbour search algorithm called locality sensitive hashing. The system was tested on six different neonatal EEG pattern types with 430 events in total and the results are presented in this paper.
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Abstract
Electrochemical interfaces between immiscible liquids have lately received renewed interest, both for gaining fundamental insight as well as for applications in nanomaterial synthesis. In this feature article we demonstrate that the atomic scale structure of these previously inaccessible interfaces nowadays can be explored by in situ synchrotron based X-ray scattering techniques. Exemplary studies of a prototypical electrochemical system - a liquid mercury electrode in pure NaCl solution - reveal that the liquid metal is terminated by a well-defined atomic layer. This layering decays on length scales of 0.5 nm into the Hg bulk and displays a potential and temperature dependent behaviour that can be explained by electrocapillary effects and contributions of the electronic charge distribution on the electrode. In similar studies of nanomaterial growth, performed for the electrochemical deposition of PbFBr, a complex nucleation and growth behaviour is found, involving a crystalline precursor layer prior to the 3D crystal growth. Operando X-ray scattering measurements provide detailed data on the processes of nanoscale film formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Murphy
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
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Murphy BM, O'Driscoll C, Korotchikova I, Boylan GB, Lightbody G, Marnane WP. Application of audio fingerprinting to neonatal EEG. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2016:912-915. [PMID: 28268472 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7590849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A clinical neurophysiologist must recognize patterns in EEG signals to evaluate the health of a patient's brain activity. Rare or unusual patterns may take time to correctly identify. The ability to automatically assist this recall would be beneficial in ensuring that appropriate measures could be taken in a timely fashion. Audio fingerprinting is a method used to identify songs using only a snippet of the song. Fingerprints are extracted from a sub-section of the song and matched against a database of previously computed fingerprints. In this paper, a fingerprint quantization technique is implemented on neonatal EEG data to attempt to identify sections of EEG data when only seeing a sub-section of the data. The impact of signal distortions is investigated and results from a database of one hour recordings from 40 newborns are presented.
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Singer A, Patel SKK, Kukreja R, Uhlíř V, Wingert J, Festersen S, Zhu D, Glownia JM, Lemke HT, Nelson S, Kozina M, Rossnagel K, Bauer M, Murphy BM, Magnussen OM, Fullerton EE, Shpyrko OG. Photoinduced Enhancement of the Charge Density Wave Amplitude. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:056401. [PMID: 27517781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.056401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry breaking and the emergence of order is one of the most fascinating phenomena in condensed matter physics. It leads to a plethora of intriguing ground states found in antiferromagnets, Mott insulators, superconductors, and density-wave systems. Exploiting states of matter far from equilibrium can provide even more striking routes to symmetry-lowered, ordered states. Here, we demonstrate for the case of elemental chromium that moderate ultrafast photoexcitation can transiently enhance the charge-density-wave (CDW) amplitude by up to 30% above its equilibrium value, while strong excitations lead to an oscillating, large-amplitude CDW state that persists above the equilibrium transition temperature. Both effects result from dynamic electron-phonon interactions, providing an efficient mechanism to selectively transform a broad excitation of the electronic order into a well-defined, long-lived coherent lattice vibration. This mechanism may be exploited to transiently enhance order parameters in other systems with coupled degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singer
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - S K K Patel
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - R Kukreja
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - V Uhlíř
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Wingert
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - S Festersen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - D Zhu
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J M Glownia
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H T Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Nelson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Kozina
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - K Rossnagel
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - M Bauer
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - B M Murphy
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - O M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - E E Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - O G Shpyrko
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Murphy BM, O'Driscoll C, Boylan GB, Lightbody G, Marnane WP. Stream computing for biomedical signal processing: A QRS complex detection case-study. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2015:5928-31. [PMID: 26737641 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in "Big Data" have brought significant gains in the ability to process large amounts of data on commodity server hardware. Stream computing is a relatively new paradigm in this area, addressing the need to process data in real time with very low latency. While this approach has been developed for dealing with large scale data from the world of business, security and finance, there is a natural overlap with clinical needs for physiological signal processing. In this work we present a case study of streams processing applied to a typical physiological signal processing problem: QRS detection from ECG data.
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Murphy ÁC, Weyhenmeyer B, Noonan J, Kilbride SM, Schimansky S, Loh KP, Kögel D, Letai AG, Prehn JHM, Murphy BM. Modulation of Mcl-1 sensitizes glioblastoma to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis 2015; 19:629-42. [PMID: 24213561 PMCID: PMC3938842 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumour, with dismal patient outcome. Treatment failure is associated with intrinsic or acquired apoptosis resistance and the presence of a highly tumourigenic subpopulation of cancer cells called GBM stem cells. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has emerged as a promising novel therapy for some treatment-resistant tumours but unfortunately GBM can be completely resistant to TRAIL monotherapy. In this study, we identified Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, as a critical player involved in determining the sensitivity of GBM to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Effective targeting of Mcl-1 in TRAIL resistant GBM cells, either by gene silencing technology or by treatment with R-roscovitine, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that targets Mcl-1, was demonstrated to augment sensitivity to TRAIL, both within GBM cells grown as monolayers and in a 3D tumour model. Finally, we highlight that two separate pathways are activated during the apoptotic death of GBM cells treated with a combination of TRAIL and R-roscovitine, one which leads to caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation and a second pathway, involving a Mcl-1:Noxa axis. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that R-roscovitine in combination with TRAIL presents a promising novel strategy to trigger cell death pathways in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Á C Murphy
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, York House, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
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10
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Weyhenmeyer B, Murphy AC, Prehn JHM, Murphy BM. Targeting the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members for the treatment of cancer. Exp Oncol 2012; 34:192-199. [PMID: 23070004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Most cells express a variety of both anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and the interaction within this family dictates whether a cell survives or dies. The dysregulation of the anti-anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members is one of the defining features of cancer cells in comparison to normal cells, and significantly contributes to the resistance of cancer cells to current treatment modalities. This anti-apoptotic subfamily of proteins is now a major target in the development of new methods to improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients. Several drugs directed at inhibiting Bcl-2 and related anti-apoptotic proteins have been developed with some showing considerable promise in the clinic. This Review presents the current knowledge of the role of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family in cancer cells, as well as current and future perspectives on targeting this subfamily of proteins for therapeutic intervention in human malignancies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Apoptosis: Four Decades Later".
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Affiliation(s)
- B Weyhenmeyer
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Seeck OH, Deiter C, Pflaum K, Bertam F, Beerlink A, Franz H, Horbach J, Schulte-Schrepping H, Murphy BM, Greve M, Magnussen O. The high-resolution diffraction beamline P08 at PETRA III. J Synchrotron Radiat 2012; 19:30-38. [PMID: 22186641 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049511047236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The new third-generation synchrotron radiation source PETRA III located at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY in Hamburg, Germany, has been operational since the second half of 2009. PETRA III is designed to deliver hard X-ray beams with very high brilliance. As one of the first beamlines of PETRA III the high-resolution diffraction beamline P08 is fully operational. P08 is specialized in X-ray scattering and diffraction experiments on solids and liquids where extreme high resolution in reciprocal space is required. The resolving power results in the high-quality PETRA III beam and unique optical elements such as a large-offset monochromator and beryllium lens changers. A high-precision six-circle diffractometer for solid samples and a specially designed liquid diffractometer are installed in the experimental hutch. Regular users have been accepted since summer 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- O H Seeck
- Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor am Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
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Bergfjord C, Karg S, Rast-Eicher A, Nosch ML, Mannering U, Allaby RG, Murphy BM, Holst B. Comment on "30,000-year-old wild flax fibers". Science 2010; 328:1634; author reply 1634. [PMID: 20576873 DOI: 10.1126/science.1186345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Kvavadze et al. (Brevia, 11 September 2009, p. 1359) identified fiber samples as 30,000-year-old flax based on a comparison with modern flax fibers analyzed by compound microscope and on the presence of dislocations/nodes in the fibers. We argue that this evidence is not sufficient to identify the fibers as flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bergfjord
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allegaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway
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Elsen A, Murphy BM, Ocko BM, Tamam L, Deutsch M, Kuzmenko I, Magnussen OM. Surface layering at the mercury-electrolyte interface. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:105501. [PMID: 20366434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
X-ray reflectometry reveals atomic layering at a liquid-liquid interface--mercury in a 0.01 M NaF solution. The interface width exceeds capillary wave theory predictions and displays an anomalous dependence on the voltage applied across it, displaying a minimum positive of the potential of zero charge. The latter is explained by electrocapillary effects and an additional intrinsic broadening of the interface profile, tentatively assigned to polarization of the conduction electrons due to the electric field of the electrochemical double layer at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elsen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Concannon CG, Koehler BF, Reimertz C, Murphy BM, Bonner C, Thurow N, Ward MW, Villunger A, Strasser A, Kögel D, Prehn JHM. Apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition in cancer cells: predominant role of the p53/PUMA pathway. Oncogene 2006; 26:1681-92. [PMID: 16983338 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome has emerged as a novel target for antineoplastic treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors, including those of the central nervous system. To identify cell death pathways activated in response to inhibition of the proteasome system in cancer cells, we treated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with the selective proteasome inhibitor (PI) epoxomicin (Epoxo). Prolonged exposure to Epoxo was associated with increased levels of poly-ubiquitinylated proteins and p53, release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, and activation of caspases. Analysis of global gene expression using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays revealed that Epoxo triggered transcriptional activation of the two Bcl-2-homology domain-3-only (BH3-only) genes p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and Bim. Subsequent studies in PUMA- and Bim-deficient cells indicated that Epoxo-induced caspase activation and apoptosis was predominantly PUMA-dependent. Further characterization of the transcriptional response to Epoxo in HCT116 human colon cancer cells demonstrated that PUMA induction was p53-dependent; with deficiency in either p53 or PUMA significantly protected HCT116 cells against Epoxo-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that p53 activation and the transcriptional induction of its target gene PUMA play an important role in the sensitivity of cancer cells to apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition, and imply that antineoplastic therapies with PIs might be especially useful in cancers with functional p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Concannon
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Murphy BM, Requardt H, Stettner J, Serrano J, Krisch M, Müller M, Press W. Phonon modes at the 2H-NbSe2 surface observed by grazing incidence inelastic x-ray scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:256104. [PMID: 16384477 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.256104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the dispersion of acoustic and optical surface phonon modes 2H-NbSe2 at the by inelastic x-ray scattering under grazing incidence conditions. Already, at room temperature, an anomaly is observed close to the charge density wave -vector position located at about one-third along the Gamma-M direction of the Brillouin zone. Our results indicate that the anomaly for the surface mode occurs at a lower energy than that measured in bulk sensitive geometry in the same experiment, showing evidence of a modified behavior in the uppermost layers. We demonstrate that inelastic x-ray scattering in grazing incidence conditions provides a unique tool to selectively study either surface or bulk lattice dynamics in a single experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Murphy
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
Three symptom groups, identified by factor analysis of schizophrenic symptoms, together with other clinical variables, were compared among 80 sibships (169 individuals) containing two or more members affected with schizophrenia. The three factors, which were labelled negative symptom disorganization, and reality distortion, all showed a moderate but significant degree of correlation between siblings. Age at onset was also significantly correlated. Such a familial pattern of clinical heterogeneity suggests underlying common familial aetiologies that influence the clinical form of the disorder. Whether these are genetic or environmental requires further investigation. This finding confers some external validation on the three factor model. It may be feasible to develop familial symptom patterns as the basis for an a priori approach to linkage heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
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Murphy BM, Puffett A. Pathways to suicide prevention. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 1995; 54:11-4. [PMID: 7551468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Society places a responsibility on the medical profession for the prevention of suicide. In this article, current trends in suicide, social prevention strategies and the role and limitations of medical intervention are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Guy's Hospital, London
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18
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Abstract
Clinical features of familial schizophrenia were examined in 169 siblings from 80 families. Factor analysis of symptoms produced a negative symptom factor (affective flattening and negative thought disorder), a disorganization factor (inappropriate affect and positive thought disorder) and a reality distortion factor (delusions and hallucinations). The negative symptom factor correlated positively with duration of illness and poor outcome. The disorganization factor correlated positively with poor outcome and early age at onset. The only clear correlation between these factors and affective symptoms was a negative one between the negative symptom factor and mania. There were no significant gender differences in age at onset, factor scores or outcome. The implication of these findings in relation to recent research in the areas of psychopathology and epidemiology are discussed.
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Murphy BM, Frigo LC. Development, implementation, and results of a successful multidisciplinary adverse drug reaction reporting program in a university teaching hospital. Hosp Pharm 1993; 28:1199-204, 1240. [PMID: 10130617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The development and implementation of an active adverse drug reaction reporting program in a university teaching hospital is described. The progression from a solely voluntary system to a multidisciplinary program consisting of both voluntary and involuntary components is discussed. A total of 1,011 adverse reactions were reported between July 1, 1988 and July 22, 1992. The most common reaction reported was rash. Antibiotics were most commonly implicated in the reactions reported. As a single agent, digoxin was involved most frequently. Voluntary reporting by physicians, nurses, and pharmacists accounted for approximately 24% of the adverse reactions reported. Occurrence screening by the Quality Assurance department produced approximately 76% of the reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Murphy
- Loyola University Medical Center, Foster G. McGaw Hospital, Maywood, IL 60153
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Goldberg JJ, Wildman EE, Pankey JW, Kunkel JR, Howard DB, Murphy BM. The influence of intensively managed rotational grazing, traditional continuous grazing, and confinement housing on bulk tank milk quality and udder health. J Dairy Sci 1992; 75:96-104. [PMID: 1541747 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)77743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Monthly bulk tank milk samples and veterinary records were analyzed for 1 yr on 15 Vermont dairy farms. Data were evaluated using ANOVA to compare effects of grazing management systems on milk quality and udder health. Systems evaluated were intensively managed rotational grazing, traditional continuous grazing, and confinement housing. Bulk tank samples were evaluated for standard plate count, bacterial type counts on tryptose-blood-esculin agar, and SCC. Veterinary records were evaluated for incidence of clinical mastitis, udder edema, and teat injuries. Within- and between-treatment group analyses were conducted by season, herd size, and udder sanitation systems. Mean standard plate counts were lower in rotationally grazed herds than counts of confined herds during the grazing season. Similarly, rotationally grazed herds with fewer than 60 cows had lower standard plate counts than confined herds of similar size. Mean bulk tank counts of streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae during the grazing season differed among treatments. The lowest counts occurred in rotationally grazed herds. Among herd using predip products recognized as efficacious, fewer streptococci other than S. agalactiae were isolated from bulk tank milk of rotationally grazed herds than confined herds. Rotationally grazed herds using postdips recognized as efficacious had lower SCC than those using unrecognized postdips. No udder health differences were observed among grazing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Goldberg
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401
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