Polyphenolic Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of In Vitro Digested Extracts of Echinacea purpurea L. Plant Parts in an Inflammatory Model of Human Colon Cells

Echinacea purpurea L. (EP) preparations are globally popular herbal supplements known for their medicinal benefits, including anti-inflammatory activities, partly related to their phenolic composition. However, regarding their use for the management of inflammation-related intestinal diseases, the knowledge about the fate of orally ingested constituents throughout the human gastrointestinal tract and the exposition of in vitro digested extracts in relevant inflammatory models are unknown. This study investigated for the first time the impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (INFOGEST) on the phenolic composition and anti-inflammatory properties of EP extracts from flowers (EF), leaves (EL), and roots (ER) on IL-1β-treated human colon-derived CCD-18Co cells. Among the seven hydroxycinnamic acids identified using HPLC-UV-MS/MS, chicoric and caftaric acids showed the highest concentrations in EL, followed by EF and ER, and all extracts exerted significant reductions in IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 levels. After digestion, despite reducing the bioaccessibility of their phenolics, the anti-inflammatory effects were preserved for digested EL and, to a lesser extent, for EF, but not for digested ER. The lower phenolic content in digested EF and ER could explain these findings. Overall, this study emphasizes the potential of EP in alleviating intestinal inflammatory conditions and related disorders.

AB1176 DOES VACCINATION AND VARIANTS AFFECT THE COURSE OF THE COVID-19 IN INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASE?

Background

Although there have been expansion of knowledge about the course of COVID-19 in rheumatologic diseases, it still remains unclear the effect of vaccination status and variants on the disease course.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the general clinical characteristics of our patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD) who had COVID-19 disease, their vaccination status and the time periods in which different variants were dominant during the disease.

Methods

During the routine follow-up of our patient’s with IRD, whether the patients had COVID-19 disease, when they were vaccinated (Pfizer/Biontech or Sinovac in our Country) and main clinical characteristics and their comorbid diseases were recorded. The last patient was included in the study on January 25, 2022.

They were divided into those who received insufficient or no vaccine and those who received a full dose of vaccine. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the period they had the disease: Those who had the disease between March 2020 and June 2021accepted as “1st period patietns”, the period when the Alpha and Beta variants, the initial forms of the disease, were dominant variants in populations; those who had the disease between July 2021 and November 2021, when the Delta variant dominated the World and in our country accepted as “2nd period patients”; and those who had the disease in December 2021 and later, when the Omicron variant was dominant throughout the world and in our country, was accepted as “ 3rd period” patients.

Results

Total 463 (294 woman) IRD patients enrolled to the study. Distrubution of these patients included Behcet’s syndrome:15; familial mediterranean fever: 57, rheumatoid arthritis:134, Sjogren’s syndrome:24, systemic lupus erythematosus:26, Spondyloarthritis:141, necrotising vasculitis:6 and Others:50 cases. Mean age of patients were 46±13,2 (18-83) years. 354 (77%) of our patients got sick in the 1st period, 80 (17%) in the 2nd period and 28 (6%) in the 3rd period. When patients were compared in terms of their clinical complaints in these periods, dyspnea was significantly higher in patients in the 1st period (1st.period 36% vs 3rd period 18%; p:0.039), but there was no difference between other complaints including lung involvement and the frequency of hospitalization (p>0.05). 53% of patients had received at least 2 doses of mRNA vaccine. 84% of the patient has had COVID19 before full vaccination with any valid vaccine. When the patients who were full vaccinated and those who were not vaccinated or inadequately vaccinated at the time of illness were compared in terms of clinical features, lung involvement frequency and hospitalization frequency, no difference was found between them. (p>0.05, for all). However, hospitalization and lung involvement were less in those who received a booster dose of any valid vaccine (p: 0.03). While the average hospitalization rate was 17% for all groups, this rate was 50% for necrotizing vasculitis and was significantly higher (p:0,005). The probability of lung involvement and hospitalization were found to be significantly higher in patients using prednisolone 5mg (or equivalents) or more; (p:0.008 and p:0.000, respectively). Pulmonary involvement was significantly higher among patients receiving sulphasalasine (p:0.008). Among the patients on Rituximab, the probability of hospitalization was higher than those who did not (p: 0.01). There was no statistical difference in terms of hospitalization and pulmonary involvement between patients who took other drugs (p>0.05, for all). A total of 5 cases died, including 2 GPA, 1 EGPA, 1 RA and 1 FMF patients. Only 8 patients had a second history of COVID19.

Conclusion

The frequency of COVID-19 among IRD cases seems to decrease over time. Full vaccination seems effective for the prevention of COVID-19. It should be recommended that IRD patients have the full dose of vaccines and boosters. The risk of lung involvement and hospitalization increases in patients using certain drugs, such as corticosteroids, sulphasalasine and rituximab. These patients should be followed more closely.

Disclosure of Interests

None declared

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of storax in vitro

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the storax balsam, which is a kind of sweet gum obtained from the Liquidambar orientalis Mill trees, on cell viability, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lymphocyte in vitro. We studied the genotoxic effects of the extract of storax balsam (SE) using sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test system. Also the cytotoxic and inhibitory effects on cell proliferation of SE were evaluated using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and cell proliferation (WST-1) assay. The SCE frequency was increased when the cells were treated with 1.6 and 4.0 µg/mL SE concentrations (p < 0.05). Moreover, treatment of the cells with the same concentrations significantly depleted the cell number at 24th and 48th hours and elevated the LDH levels (p < 0.05) at 48th hour. These results suggest that SE can be used as an alternative antibacterial and antipathogenic agent due to its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.