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Arauzo A, Gasque L, Fuertes S, Tenorio C, Bernès S, Bartolomé E. Coumarin-lanthanide based compounds with SMM behavior and high quantum yield luminescence. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13671-13684. [PMID: 32996514 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02614j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin-based lanthanide complexes of general formula [Ln(coum)3(phen)(H2O)x]·yH2O (Ln-phen, x = 0,1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1.5; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; coum = 3-acetyl-4-hydroxylato-coumarin; Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm) and [Ln(coum)3(batho)]·0.7EtOH (Ln-batho, batho = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm) were synthesized. The magnetic relaxation and photoluminescence behavior of these complexes was compared with that of the related compounds [Ln(coum)3(EtOH)(H2O)]·EtOH (Ln-coum), so as to investigate the effects of incorporating a second chromophore, either the phen or batho ligand, to the original coordination scaffold, provided with three coumarin (coum) ligands. Slow relaxation of the magnetization under H = 0 with moderate activation energies was observed for the Dy-phen (U/kB = 99.1 K) and Dy-batho (U/kB = 67.1 K) compounds, whereas Tb analogues presented field-induced single molecule magnet (SMM) behavior, with U/kB = 11.7 K (16.6 K@3 kOe) for Tb-phen (Tb-batho), respectively. Luminescent emission in the visible range was observed for all the Ln-coumarin based compounds upon ligand sensitization, with high quantum yields of 45 (40%) for Eu-phen (Eu-batho) compounds and 65-76-58% for Tb-coum, phen, batho analogues. Sensitization is mainly provided by the coumarin ligand having the energy difference ΔE between its triplet state T1 and the lanthanide emitting level closest to the optimum, while the second ligand can play either a synergistic or competing sensitizing role. The Tb-phen/batho compounds presented simultaneously SMM and luminescent behavior, with excellent values of the bifunctional figure of merit (ηSMM-QY ∼ 1000% K). The reported compounds represent a new class of bifunctional materials with potential interesting application in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arauzo
- Servicio de Medidas Físicas. Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L Gasque
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, CDMX 04510, Mexico.
| | - S Fuertes
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Tenorio
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, CDMX 04510, Mexico.
| | - S Bernès
- Instituto de Física Luis Rivera Terrazas, BUAP, Edificio IF2, Lab. 103/104, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Bartolomé
- Escola Universitària Salesiana de Sarrià (EUSS), Passeig Sant Joan Bosco 74, 08017-Barcelona, Spain.
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López M, Tenorio C, Del Campo R, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Characterization of the Mechanisms of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci of Different Origins. J Chemother 2013; 23:87-91. [DOI: 10.1179/joc.2011.23.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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López M, Tenorio C, Torres C. Study of Vancomycin Resistance in Faecal Enterococci from Healthy Humans and Dogs in Spain a Decade after the Avoparcin Ban in Europe. Zoonoses Public Health 2012; 60:160-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hernandez T, Estrella I, Pérez-Gordo M, Alegría EG, Tenorio C, Ruiz-Larrrea F, Moreno-Arribas MV. Contribution of malolactic fermentation by Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus plantarum to the changes in the nonanthocyanin polyphenolic composition of red wine. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:5260-6. [PMID: 17530768 DOI: 10.1021/jf063638o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The changes in the nonanthocyanin phenolic composition during red wine malolactic fermentation carried out spontaneously and by four different starter cultures of the species Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus plantarum were examined to determine whether differences in nonanthocyanin polyphenolic compounds could be attributed to the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain that performs this important step of the wine-making process. The polyphenolic compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and HPLC with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry detection. The malolactic cultures selected for this study were indigenous wine LAB strains from the A.O.C. Rioja (Spain). Results showed different malolactic behaviors in relation to wine phenolic compositions for O. oeni and L. plantarum, and also, a diversity was found within each group. The hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives, the flavonols and their glycosides, the flavanol monomers and oligomers, and trans-resveratrol and its glucoside were the main compounds modified by the different LAB. The wild LAB population exerted a greater impact in the wine content of some of these phenolic compounds than the inoculated selected monocultures of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hernandez
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Juan de la Cierva, 3. 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Pozo-Bayón MA, G-Alegría E, Polo MC, Tenorio C, Martín-Alvarez PJ, Calvo de la Banda MT, Ruiz-Larrea F, Moreno-Arribas MV. Wine volatile and amino acid composition after malolactic fermentation: effect of Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus plantarum starter cultures. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:8729-35. [PMID: 16248578 DOI: 10.1021/jf050739y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Red wine amino acids and volatile compounds were analyzed before and after malolactic fermentation carried out by four different starter cultures of the species Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus plantarum. The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences can be attributed to the lactic acid bacteria strain used in this important step of the wine-making process. The malolactic cultures selected for this study were indigenous wine lactic acid bacteria strains. The data were evaluated using different multivariate analysis techniques. Results showed different malolactic behaviors for O. oeni and L. plantarum and significant metabolic differences between both species. A degree of diversity was found within each lactic acid bacteria group, since wines presented specific characteristics depending on the lactic acid bacteria strain used. In all cases, malolactic fermentation seemed to modify the amino acid and volatile composition of the wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pozo-Bayón
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Cano Blanco C, Calderillo Ruiz G, Padilla Rosciano A, Cuellar Hubbe M, Tenorio C, Gallardo D, Aceves Enriquez M. Cisplatin and etoposide as first line treatment in adult primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of soft tissue. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.9080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Cano Blanco
- Inst Nacional de Cancerologia, Tlalpan, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - C. Tenorio
- Inst Nacional de Cancerologia, Tlalpan, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - D. Gallardo
- Inst Nacional de Cancerologia, Tlalpan, Mexico DF, Mexico
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del Campo R, Tenorio C, Zarazaga M, Gomez-Lus R, Baquero F, Torres C. Detection of a single vanA-containing Enterococcus faecalis clone in hospitals in different regions in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48:746-7. [PMID: 11679573 DOI: 10.1093/jac/48.5.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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del Campo R, Tenorio C, Jiménez-Díaz R, Rubio C, Gómez-Lus R, Baquero F, Torres C. Bacteriocin production in vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus isolates of different origins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:905-12. [PMID: 11181378 PMCID: PMC90391 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.3.905-912.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocin production was determined for 218 Enterococcus isolates (Enterococcus faecalis [93] and E. faecium [125]) obtained from different origins (human clinical samples [87], human fecal samples [78], sewage [28], and chicken samples [25]) and showing different vancomycin susceptibility patterns (vancomycin resistant, all of them vanA positive [56], and vancomycin susceptible [162]). All enterococcal isolates were randomly selected except for the vancomycin-resistant ones. A total of 33 isolates of eight different bacterial genera were used as indicators for bacteriocin production. Forty-seven percent of the analyzed enterococcal isolates were bacteriocin producers (80.6% of E. faecalis and 21.6% of E. faecium isolates). The percentage of bacteriocin producers was higher among human clinical isolates (63.2%, 81.8% of vancomycin-resistant isolates and 60.5% of vancomycin-susceptible ones) than among isolates from the other origins (28 to 39.3%). Only one out of the 15 vancomycin-resistant isolates from human fecal samples was a bacteriocin producer, while 44.4% of fecal vancomycin-susceptible isolates were. The bacteriocin produced by the vanA-containing E. faecium strain RC714, named bacteriocin RC714, was further characterized. This bacteriocin activity was cotransferred together with the vanA genetic determinant to E. faecalis strain JH2-2. Bacteriocin RC714 was purified to homogeneity and its primary structure was determined by amino acid sequencing, showing an identity of 88% and a similarity of 92% with the previously described bacteriocin 31 from E. faecalis YI717. The presence of five different amino acids in bacteriocin RC714 suggest that this could be a new bacteriocin. The results obtained suggest that the epidemiology of vancomycin resistance may be influenced by different factors, including bacteriocin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R del Campo
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Tenorio C, Zarazaga M, Martinez C, Torres C. Bifunctional enzyme 6'-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase-2"-O-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in Lactobacillus and Pediococcus isolates of animal origin. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:824-5. [PMID: 11281121 PMCID: PMC87833 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.2.824-825.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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del Campo R, Tenorio C, Rubio C, Castillo J, Torres C, Gómez-Lus R. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in high-level streptomycin and gentamicin resistant Enterococcus spp. in Spain. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2000; 15:221-6. [PMID: 10926445 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside resistance was evaluated in 690 enterococcus strains isolated from different clinical sources originating from patients at the University Clinic Hospital of Zaragoza (Spain). The enterococci obtained from clinically significant samples (blood, urine, or exudates) showed more high-level resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin (65 and 42%, respectively) than those isolated from faecal samples (49 and 23%, respectively). Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AME) from 119 of these high-level gentamicin and streptomycin resistant enterococcus strains were studied. The most frequent AMEs found were APH(3') and AAC(6')-APH(2"). More than one enzyme was detected in 71% of the strains (four different enzymes in 5% of the strains). Three Enterococcus faecalis strains had ANT(4')(4") enzymatic activity. Different enzymatic expressions of the bifunctional enzyme AAC(6')-APH(2") were demonstrated in strains in which the complete aac(6')-aph(2") gene was detected by PCR and hybridization: (i) AAC(6') + APH(2") activity; (ii) AAC(6') only; (iii) APH(2") only; and (iv) no activity of AAC(6') or APH(2").
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Affiliation(s)
- R del Campo
- Departamento Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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Zarazaga M, Sáenz Y, Portillo A, Tenorio C, Ruiz-Larrea F, Del Campo R, Baquero F, Torres C. In vitro activities of ketolide HMR3647, macrolides, and other antibiotics against Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:3039-41. [PMID: 10582908 PMCID: PMC89613 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.12.3039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Testing of susceptibility to 13 antibiotics was performed with 90 isolates of Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus. MICs at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited by HMR3647, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin were 0.015, 0.125 and 32 microg/ml, respectively. The penicillin MIC was > or = 16 microg/ml against 26.2% of the studied Lactobacillus sp. isolates and 50% of Lactobacillus plantarum. HMR3647 showed excellent activity against these genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zarazaga
- Area Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de la Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
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Gavaldà J, Torres C, Tenorio C, López P, Zaragoza M, Capdevila JA, Almirante B, Ruiz F, Borrell N, Gomis X, Pigrau C, Baquero F, Pahissa A. Efficacy of ampicillin plus ceftriaxone in treatment of experimental endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis strains highly resistant to aminoglycosides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:639-46. [PMID: 10049280 PMCID: PMC89173 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.3.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/1998] [Accepted: 12/30/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vitro possibilities of ampicillin-ceftriaxone combinations for 10 Enterococcus faecalis strains with high-level resistance to aminoglycosides (HLRAg) and to assess the efficacy of ampicillin plus ceftriaxone, both administered with humanlike pharmacokinetics, for the treatment of experimental endocarditis due to HLRAg E. faecalis. A reduction of 1 to 4 dilutions in MICs of ampicillin was obtained when ampicillin was combined with a fixed subinhibitory ceftriaxone concentration of 4 micrograms/ml. This potentiating effect was also observed by the double disk method with all 10 strains. Time-kill studies performed with 1 and 2 micrograms of ampicillin alone per ml or in combination with 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 micrograms of ceftriaxone per ml showed a > or = 2 log10 reduction in CFU per milliliter with respect to ampicillin alone and to the initial inoculum for all 10 E. faecalis strains studied. This effect was obtained for seven strains with the combination of 2 micrograms of ampicillin per ml plus 10 micrograms of ceftriaxone per ml and for six strains with 5 micrograms of ceftriaxone per ml. Animals with catheter-induced endocarditis were infected intravenously with 10(8) CFU of E. faecalis V48 or 10(5) CFU of E. faecalis V45 and were treated for 3 days with humanlike pharmacokinetics of 2 g of ampicillin every 4 h, alone or combined with 2 g of ceftriaxone every 12 h. The levels in serum and the pharmacokinetic parameters of the humanlike pharmacokinetics of ampicillin or ceftriaxone in rabbits were similar to those found in humans treated with 2 g of ampicillin or ceftriaxone intravenously. Results of the therapy for experimental endocarditis caused by E. faecalis V48 or V45 showed that the residual bacterial titers in aortic valve vegetations were significantly lower in the animals treated with the combinations of ampicillin plus ceftriaxone than in those treated with ampicillin alone (P < 0.001). The combination of ampicillin and ceftriaxone showed in vitro and in vivo synergism against HLRAg E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gavaldà
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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Torres C, Zarazaga M, Tenorio C, Portillo A, Saenz Y, Ruiz F, Baquero F. In vitro activity of the new ketolide HMR3647 in comparison with those of macrolides and pristinamycins against Enterococcus spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:3279-81. [PMID: 9835527 PMCID: PMC106035 DOI: 10.1128/aac.42.12.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety-four erythromycin-susceptible and 107 erythromycin-resistant enterococcal strains (MIC of >/=512 microgram/ml) were inhibited by the ketolide HMR3647 at MICs of </=0.007 to 0.06 and 0.03 to 8 microgram/ml, respectively. Eighteen vanA-positive isolates and 29 high-level-penicillin-resistant isolates, all of them erythromycin resistant, were inhibited by HMR3647 at an MIC range of 0.015 to 4 microgram/ml. The new ketolide has excellent activity against Enterococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torres
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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Torres C, Tenorio C, Lantero M, Zarazaga M, Baquero F. Detection of aminoglycoside-penicillin synergy against Enterococcus faecium using high-content aminoglycoside disks. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 14:878-82. [PMID: 8605901 DOI: 10.1007/bf01691494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-seven Enterococcus faecium strains were screened for high-level aminoglycoside resistance with an agar diffusion test using high-content aminoglycoside disks (300 micrograms of streptomycin and 120 micrograms of gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin or amikacin). The inhibition zones obtained were correlated with results of time-kill penicillin-aminoglycoside synergy studies. An 11 mm breakpoint differentiated strains susceptible or resistant to the synergy of streptomycin plus penicillin. Irrespective of the inhibition zones obtained with tobramycin and kanamycin disks, Enterococcus faecium strains never showed synergy with penicillin in combination with these aminoglycosides. Penicillin-amikacin synergy cannot be predicted by the amikacin disks. Nevertheless, even though kanamycin disks do not predict penicillin-kanamycin synergy, they can be used to predict penicillin-amikacin synergy. In summary, high-content streptomycin, gentamicin and kanamycin disks can be used to predict the susceptibility of Enterococcus faecium strains to the synergistic combination of penicillin plus one of the aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamicin or amikacin, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torres
- Area Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Luis de Ulloa 20, Universidad de la Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Torres C, Tenorio C, Lantero M, Gastañares MJ, Baquero F. High-level penicillin resistance and penicillin-gentamicin synergy in Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37:2427-31. [PMID: 8285628 PMCID: PMC192403 DOI: 10.1128/aac.37.11.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty-seven Enterococcus faecium strains with different levels of penicillin susceptibility were studied in time-kill experiments with a fixed concentration (5 micrograms/ml) of gentamicin combined with different penicillin concentrations (6 to 600 micrograms/ml). Synergy was defined as a relative decrease in counts of greater than 2 log10 CFU per milliliter after 24 h of incubation when the combination of the antibiotics was compared with its most active component alone. The minimal synergistic penicillin concentrations found were 6 micrograms/ml for 16 of 16 strains for which penicillin MICs were < or = 25 micrograms/ml, 20 to 100 micrograms/ml for 14 of 17 strains for which penicillin MICs were 50 to 200 micrograms/ml, and 200 to 500 micrograms/ml for 4 of 4 strains for which MICs penicillin were > 200 micrograms/ml. Penicillin-gentamicin synergy was observed even in high-level penicillin-resistant E. faecium strains at penicillin concentrations close to one-half the penicillin MIC. The possibility of treating infections caused by high-level penicillin-resistant E. faecium strains with penicillin-gentamicin combinations in particular cases may depend on the penicillin levels attainable in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torres
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de la Rioja, Madrid, Spain
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Torres C, Torres JM, Tenorio C, Baquero F. Synergistic activity of tobramycin-netilmicin against Enterococcus faecalis producing 6'-aminoglycoside-acetyltransferase, 2''-aminoglycoside-phosphotransferase enzyme. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993; 12:646-8. [PMID: 8223671 DOI: 10.1007/bf01973652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Tenorio C, Payán JC. [Magnesium sulfate used as an unique treatment of pregnancy toxemias]. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol 1968; 19:449-53. [PMID: 5713414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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