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Platt SM, El Haddad I, Pieber SM, Zardini AA, Suarez-Bertoa R, Clairotte M, Daellenbach KR, Huang RJ, Slowik JG, Hellebust S, Temime-Roussel B, Marchand N, de Gouw J, Jimenez JL, Hayes PL, Robinson AL, Baltensperger U, Astorga C, Prévôt ASH. Gasoline cars produce more carbonaceous particulate matter than modern filter-equipped diesel cars. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4926. [PMID: 28706240 PMCID: PMC5509693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonaceous particulate matter (PM), comprising black carbon (BC), primary organic aerosol (POA) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA, from atmospheric aging of precursors), is a highly toxic vehicle exhaust component. Therefore, understanding vehicle pollution requires knowledge of both primary emissions, and how these emissions age in the atmosphere. We provide a systematic examination of carbonaceous PM emissions and parameterisation of SOA formation from modern diesel and gasoline cars at different temperatures (22, -7 °C) during controlled laboratory experiments. Carbonaceous PM emission and SOA formation is markedly higher from gasoline than diesel particle filter (DPF) and catalyst-equipped diesel cars, more so at -7 °C, contrasting with nitrogen oxides (NOX). Higher SOA formation from gasoline cars and primary emission reductions for diesels implies gasoline cars will increasingly dominate vehicular total carbonaceous PM, though older non-DPF-equipped diesels will continue to dominate the primary fraction for some time. Supported by state-of-the-art source apportionment of ambient fossil fuel derived PM, our results show that whether gasoline or diesel cars are more polluting depends on the pollutant in question, i.e. that diesel cars are not necessarily worse polluters than gasoline cars.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Platt
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, PO Box 100, 2027, Kjeller, Norway
| | - I El Haddad
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - S M Pieber
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A A Zardini
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, 21027, Ispra, (VA), Italy
| | - R Suarez-Bertoa
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, 21027, Ispra, (VA), Italy
| | - M Clairotte
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, 21027, Ispra, (VA), Italy
| | - K R Daellenbach
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - R-J Huang
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - J G Slowik
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S Hellebust
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
- Central Statistics Office, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - N Marchand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | - J de Gouw
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J L Jimenez
- CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P L Hayes
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - A L Robinson
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - U Baltensperger
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C Astorga
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, 21027, Ispra, (VA), Italy
| | - A S H Prévôt
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
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Maneze D, Everett B, Astorga C, Yogendran D, Salamonson Y. The Influence of Health Literacy and Depression on Diabetes Self-Management: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:3458969. [PMID: 27595113 PMCID: PMC4995333 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3458969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite an increasing focus on health literacy in the clinical setting and in the literature, there is still ongoing debate about its influence on diabetes self-management. The aim of the study was to examine the relationships of sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors on health literacy and diabetes self-management. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken on 224 patients with type 2 diabetes at two diabetes centres in Sydney, Australia. Findings showed that people with low health literacy were more likely to (a) have lower educational attainment; (b) be migrants; and (c) have depressed mood. Unexpectedly, those who met HbA1c threshold of good glucose control were more likely to have low health literacy. Predictors of low diabetes self-management included (a) younger age group (AOR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.24-4.64); (b) having postsecondary education (AOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.05-5.01); (c) low knowledge of diabetes management (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.25-4.20); and (d) having depressed mood (AOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.30-4.06). The finding that depressed mood predicted both low health literacy and low diabetes self-management stresses the importance of screening for depression. Increasing people's understanding of diabetes self-management and supporting those with depression are crucial to enhance participation in diabetes self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Maneze
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, 59a Cumberland Road, Ingleburn, NSW 2565, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, NSW 1871, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, P.O. Box 3151, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- *D. Maneze:
| | - B. Everett
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, 59a Cumberland Road, Ingleburn, NSW 2565, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, NSW 1871, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, P.O. Box 3151, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - C. Astorga
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, 59a Cumberland Road, Ingleburn, NSW 2565, Australia
| | - D. Yogendran
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, 59a Cumberland Road, Ingleburn, NSW 2565, Australia
| | - Y. Salamonson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, NSW 1871, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, P.O. Box 3151, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
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3
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Gladstone DJ, Dorian P, Spring M, Panzov V, Mamdani M, Healey JS, Thorpe KE, Aviv R, Boyle K, Blakely J, Cote R, Hall J, Kapral M, Kozlowski N, Laupacis A, O’Donnell M, Sabihuddin K, Sharma M, Shuaib A, Vaid H, Pinter A, Abootalebi S, Chan R, Crann S, Fleming L, Frank C, Hachinski V, Hesser K, Kumar B, Soros P, Wright M, Basile V, Boyle K, Hopyan J, Rajmohan Y, Swartz R, Vaid H, Valencia G, Ween J, Aram H, Barber P, Coutts S, Demchuk A, Fischer K, Hill M, Klein G, Kenney C, Menon B, McClelland M, Russell A, Ryckborst K, Stys P, Smith E, Watson T, Chacko S, Sahlas D, Sancan J, Côté R, Durcan L, Ehrensperger E, Minuk J, Wein T, Wadup L, Asdaghi N, Beckman J, Esplana N, Masigan P, Murphy C, Tang E, Teal P, Villaluna K, Woolfenden A, Yip S, Bussière M, Dowlatshahi D, Sharma M, Stotts G, Robert S, Ford K, Hackam D, Miners L, Mabb T, Spence JD, Buck B, Griffin-Stead T, Jassal R, Siddiqui M, Hache A, Lessard C, Lebel F, Mackey A, Verreault S, Astorga C, Casaubon LK, del Campo M, Jaigobin C, Kalman L, Silver FL, Atkins L, Coles K, Penn A, Sargent R, Walter C, Gable Y, Kadribasic N, Schwindt B, Shuaib A, Kostyrko P, Selchen D, Saposnik G, Christie P, Jin A, Hicklin D, Howse D, Edwards E, Jaspers S, Sher F, Stoger S, Crisp D, Dhanani A, John V, Levitan M, Mehdiratta M, Wong D. Atrial Premature Beats Predict Atrial Fibrillation in Cryptogenic Stroke. Stroke 2015; 46:936-41. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.008714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Gladstone
- From the Division of Neurology (D.J.G.), Department of Medicine (D.J.G., P.D., M.S., M.M.), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (K.E.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto Stroke Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for
| | - Paul Dorian
- From the Division of Neurology (D.J.G.), Department of Medicine (D.J.G., P.D., M.S., M.M.), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (K.E.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto Stroke Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for
| | - Melanie Spring
- From the Division of Neurology (D.J.G.), Department of Medicine (D.J.G., P.D., M.S., M.M.), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (K.E.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto Stroke Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for
| | - Val Panzov
- From the Division of Neurology (D.J.G.), Department of Medicine (D.J.G., P.D., M.S., M.M.), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (K.E.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto Stroke Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for
| | - Muhammad Mamdani
- From the Division of Neurology (D.J.G.), Department of Medicine (D.J.G., P.D., M.S., M.M.), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (K.E.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto Stroke Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for
| | - Jeff S. Healey
- From the Division of Neurology (D.J.G.), Department of Medicine (D.J.G., P.D., M.S., M.M.), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (K.E.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto Stroke Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for
| | - Kevin E. Thorpe
- From the Division of Neurology (D.J.G.), Department of Medicine (D.J.G., P.D., M.S., M.M.), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (K.E.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto Stroke Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and the Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.J.G.); Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - R. Chan
- London Health Sciences Centre; London, Ontario
| | - S. Crann
- London Health Sciences Centre; London, Ontario
| | - L. Fleming
- London Health Sciences Centre; London, Ontario
| | - C. Frank
- London Health Sciences Centre; London, Ontario
| | | | - K. Hesser
- London Health Sciences Centre; London, Ontario
| | - B.S. Kumar
- London Health Sciences Centre; London, Ontario
| | - P. Soros
- London Health Sciences Centre; London, Ontario
| | - M. Wright
- London Health Sciences Centre; London, Ontario
| | - V. Basile
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto, Ontario
| | - K. Boyle
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto, Ontario
| | - J. Hopyan
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto, Ontario
| | - Y. Rajmohan
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto, Ontario
| | - R. Swartz
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto, Ontario
| | - H. Vaid
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto, Ontario
| | - G. Valencia
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto, Ontario
| | - J. Ween
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto, Ontario
| | - H. Aram
- Foothills Hospital; Calgary, Alberta
| | | | - S. Coutts
- Foothills Hospital; Calgary, Alberta
| | | | | | - M.D. Hill
- Foothills Hospital; Calgary, Alberta
| | - G. Klein
- Foothills Hospital; Calgary, Alberta
| | - C. Kenney
- Foothills Hospital; Calgary, Alberta
| | - B. Menon
- Foothills Hospital; Calgary, Alberta
| | | | | | | | - P. Stys
- Foothills Hospital; Calgary, Alberta
| | | | | | - S. Chacko
- Hamilton Health Sciences Centre; Hamilton, Ontario
| | - D. Sahlas
- Hamilton Health Sciences Centre; Hamilton, Ontario
| | - J. Sancan
- Hamilton Health Sciences Centre; Hamilton, Ontario
| | - R. Côté
- Montreal General Hospital; Montreal, Québec
| | - L. Durcan
- Montreal General Hospital; Montreal, Québec
| | | | - J. Minuk
- Montreal General Hospital; Montreal, Québec
| | - T. Wein
- Montreal General Hospital; Montreal, Québec
| | - L. Wadup
- Montreal General Hospital; Montreal, Québec
| | - N. Asdaghi
- Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre; Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - J. Beckman
- Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre; Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - N. Esplana
- Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre; Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - P. Masigan
- Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre; Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - C. Murphy
- Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre; Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - E. Tang
- Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre; Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - P. Teal
- Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre; Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - K. Villaluna
- Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre; Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - A. Woolfenden
- Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre; Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - S. Yip
- Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre; Vancouver, British Columbia
| | | | | | - M. Sharma
- The Ottawa Hospital; Ottawa, Ontario
| | - G. Stotts
- The Ottawa Hospital; Ottawa, Ontario
| | - S. Robert
- The Ottawa Hospital; Ottawa, Ontario
| | - K. Ford
- Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute; London, Ontario
| | - D. Hackam
- Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute; London, Ontario
| | - L. Miners
- Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute; London, Ontario
| | - T. Mabb
- Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute; London, Ontario
| | - J. D. Spence
- Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute; London, Ontario
| | - B. Buck
- Grey Nuns Hospital; Edmonton Alberta
| | | | - R. Jassal
- Grey Nuns Hospital; Edmonton Alberta
| | | | - A. Hache
- Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec: Hôpital de l’Enfant-Jesus; Québec, Québec
| | - C. Lessard
- Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec: Hôpital de l’Enfant-Jesus; Québec, Québec
| | - F. Lebel
- Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec: Hôpital de l’Enfant-Jesus; Québec, Québec
| | - A. Mackey
- Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec: Hôpital de l’Enfant-Jesus; Québec, Québec
| | - S. Verreault
- Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec: Hôpital de l’Enfant-Jesus; Québec, Québec
| | - C. Astorga
- University Health Network; Toronto, Ontario
| | | | | | | | - L. Kalman
- University Health Network; Toronto, Ontario
| | - FL Silver
- University Health Network; Toronto, Ontario
| | - L. Atkins
- Vancouver Island Health Authority; Victoria, British Columbia
| | - K. Coles
- Vancouver Island Health Authority; Victoria, British Columbia
| | - A. Penn
- Vancouver Island Health Authority; Victoria, British Columbia
| | - R. Sargent
- Vancouver Island Health Authority; Victoria, British Columbia
| | - C. Walter
- Vancouver Island Health Authority; Victoria, British Columbia
| | - Y. Gable
- Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre; Edmonton, Alberta
| | | | - B. Schwindt
- Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre; Edmonton, Alberta
| | - A. Shuaib
- Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre; Edmonton, Alberta
| | | | - D. Selchen
- St. Michael’s Hospital; Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - P. Christie
- Kingston General Hospital; Kingston, Ontario
| | - A. Jin
- Kingston General Hospital; Kingston, Ontario
| | - D. Hicklin
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre; Thunder Bay, Ontario
| | - D. Howse
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre; Thunder Bay, Ontario
| | - E. Edwards
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre; Thunder Bay, Ontario
| | - S. Jaspers
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre; Thunder Bay, Ontario
| | - F. Sher
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre; Thunder Bay, Ontario
| | - S. Stoger
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre; Thunder Bay, Ontario
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Ferrario M, Buckel E, Astorga C, Godoy J, Aguiló J, González G, Ormazábal J, Cámbara Á, Derosas C, Herzog C, Calabrán L. Results in Laparoscopic Living Donor Nephrectomy: A Multicentric Experience. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:3716-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Adam TW, Clairotte M, Streibel T, Elsasser M, Pommeres A, Manfredi U, Carriero M, Martini G, Sklorz M, Krasenbrink A, Astorga C, Zimmermann R. Real-time analysis of aromatics in combustion engine exhaust by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOF-MS): a robust tool for chassis dynamometer testing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:273-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Clairotte M, Adam T, Chirico R, Giechaskiel B, Manfredi U, Elsasser M, Sklorz M, DeCarlo P, Heringa M, Zimmermann R, Martini G, Krasenbrink A, Vicet A, Tournié E, Prévôt A, Astorga C. Online characterization of regulated and unregulated gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from two-stroke mopeds: A chemometric approach. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 717:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Adam TW, Chirico R, Clairotte M, Elsasser M, Manfredi U, Martini G, Sklorz M, Streibel T, Heringa MF, DeCarlo PF, Baltensperger U, De Santi G, Krasenbrink A, Zimmermann R, Prevot ASH, Astorga C. Application of Modern Online Instrumentation for Chemical Analysis of Gas and Particulate Phases of Exhaust at the European Commission Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emission Laboratory. Anal Chem 2010; 83:67-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101859u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. W. Adam
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - R. Chirico
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - M. Clairotte
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - M. Elsasser
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - U. Manfredi
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - G. Martini
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - M. Sklorz
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - T. Streibel
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - M. F. Heringa
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - P. F. DeCarlo
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - U. Baltensperger
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - G. De Santi
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - A. Krasenbrink
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - R. Zimmermann
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - A. S. H. Prevot
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
| | - C. Astorga
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, Cooperation Group Complex Molecular Systems/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), FIS
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Giechaskiel B, Chirico R, Decarlo PF, Clairotte M, Adam T, Martini G, Heringa MF, Richter R, Prevot ASH, Baltensperger U, Astorga C. Evaluation of the particle measurement programme (PMP) protocol to remove the vehicles' exhaust aerosol volatile phase. Sci Total Environ 2010; 408:5106-5116. [PMID: 20692024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
European regulation for Euro 5/6 light duty emissions introduced the measurement of non-volatile particles with diameter >23 nm. The volatile phase is removed by using a heated dilution stage (150 degrees C) and a heated tube (at 300-400 degrees C). We investigated experimentally the removal efficiency for volatile species of the specific protocol by conducting measurements with two Euro 3 diesel light duty vehicles, a Euro 2 moped, and a Euro III heavy duty vehicle with the system's heaters on and off. The particle number distributions were measured with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and a Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS). An Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) was used to identify the non-refractory chemical composition of the particles. A Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) was used to measure the black carbon concentration. The results showed that the condensed material in the accumulation mode (defined here as particles in the diameter range of approximately 50-500 nm) was removed with an efficiency of 50-90%. The (volatile) nucleation mode was also completely evaporated or was decreased to sizes <23 nm; thus these particles wouldn't be counted from the particle counter, indicating the robustness of the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Giechaskiel
- EC Joint Research Centre Ispra, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
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9
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Adam T, Farfaletti A, Montero L, Martini G, Manfredi U, Larsen B, Santi GD, Krasenbrink A, Astorga C. Chemical characterization of emissions from modern two-stroke mopeds complying with legislative regulation in Europe (EURO-2). Environ Sci Technol 2010; 44:505-512. [PMID: 19928903 DOI: 10.1021/es9021969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In view of a new amendment to the European legislative regulation on emissions from two-stroke mopeds a study was carried out to comprehensively characterize exhaust gases of mopeds complying current EURO-2 emission standards. Three mopeds with different engine types (carburetor, direct injection, and electronic carburetion system ECS) where investigated by applying two different driving cycles, the legislative cycle ECE47 and the worldwide motorcycle test cycle WMTC. Thereby, particulate matter (PM), regulated compounds, carbonyls, volatile hydrocarbons (VOC), and particle-associated polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were analyzed and ozone formation potentials (OFP) as well as toxicity equivalents (TEQ) determined. The ECE47 emission factors for almost all species and moped types were much higher in the nonregulated, prior cold phase than in the hot phase, which is considered for legislation. Great differences for the mopeds could be observed for NO(x), VOC, and PM, whereas discrepancies between the driving cycles ECE47 and WMTC were smaller. In addition, a positive influence on exhaust composition caused by technical modifications of the ECS engine was determined. Results indicate that regulation of total hydrocarbons (THC) alone might not be sufficient to regulate PM, especially for direct injection engines. Moreover, recommendations for a revised future test protocol are demonstrated and discussed, whereby the cold phase and the hot phase are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Adam
- EC Joint Research Centre Ispra, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Transport and Air Quality Unit, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy.
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Sepúlveda MA, Bartheld JL, Meynard C, Benavides M, Astorga C, Parra D, Medina-Vogel G. Landscape features and crustacean prey as predictors of the Southern river otter distribution in Chile. Anim Conserv 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Latella A, Stani G, Cobelli L, Duane M, Junninen H, Astorga C, Larsen BR. Semicontinuous GC analysis and receptor modelling for source apportionment of ozone precursor hydrocarbons in Bresso, Milan, 2003. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1071:29-39. [PMID: 15865170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The European Ozone Directive 2002/3/EC specifies the analysis of 30 individual C2-C9 hydrocarbons in urban air with the attribution of emission sources to pollution concentrations as a major objective. In the present study, we investigate an approach for source apportionment of these ozone precursor hydrocarbons in urban air based on reliable semi continuous volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis in the field and in vehicle emission laboratory combined with multivariate receptor modeling. The GC system relies on an hourly analytical cycle based on a trap sample enrichment phase followed by a dual column gas chromatographic flame ionisation detector (FID) analysis and has successfully been tested during an air monitoring campaign at an urban site (Milan, Italy, September 2003) and in the vehicle laboratory performing exhaust emission measurements while running driving cycles on a chassis dynamometer (mopeds, gasoline and diesel cars). The receptor modeling relies on two complementary principles. The chemical mass balance (CMB) modeling apportions well characterized source profiles for the 30 individual C2-C9 hydrocarbons in the Ozone Directive to the concentrations in ambient air and produces source contribution estimates (SCE) as output. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses variability in the ambient air concentration data and searches for latent variables consisting of co-varying hydrocarbons and produces profiles as output, which in this study could be attributed to known emission sources. Both CMB and PMF rely on an estimated uncertainty for each input data. A new approach is presented, by which the uncertainty is allowed to float as function of the photochemical reactivity of the atmosphere and the stability of each individual compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Latella
- Professional Office, San Polo 2193, 30125 Venice, Italy.
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12
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Anthony F, Combes C, Astorga C, Bertrand B, Graziosi G, Lashermes P. The origin of cultivated Coffea arabica L. varieties revealed by AFLP and SSR markers. Theor Appl Genet 2002; 104:894-900. [PMID: 12582651 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-001-0798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2001] [Accepted: 06/20/2001] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular markers were used to assess polymorphism between and within the genetic bases of coffee (i.e. Typica and Bourbon) spread from Yemen since the early 18th century that have given rise to most arabica cultivars grown world-wide. Eleven Coffea arabica accessions derived from the disseminated bases were evaluated by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) using 37 primer combinations and simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) produced by six microsatellites. Four cultivars growing in Yemen and 11 subspontaneous accessions collected in the primary centre of diversity of the species were included in the study in order to define their relationship with the accessions derived from the genetic bases of cultivars. One hundred and seven AFLP markers were used to calculate genetic distances and construct a dendrogram. The accessions derived from the disseminated bases were grouped separately, according to their genetic origin, and were distinguished from the subspontaneous accessions. The Yemen cultivars were classified with the Typica-derived accessions. Except for one AFLP marker, all AFLP and SSR markers present in the cultivated accessions were also detected in the subspontaneous accessions. Polymorphism among the subspontaneous accessions was much higher than among the cultivated accessions. It was very low within the genetic bases, confirming the historical documentation on their dissemination. The results enabled a discussion of the genetic diversity reductions that successively occurred during the dissemination of C. arabica from its primary centre of diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Anthony
- CATIE, Ap. 59, 7170 Turrialba, Costa Rica,
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