1
|
Mason-Jones K, Breidenbach A, Dyckmans J, Banfield CC, Dippold MA. Intracellular carbon storage by microorganisms is an overlooked pathway of biomass growth. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2240. [PMID: 37076457 PMCID: PMC10115882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of biomass growth is central to microbial carbon (C) cycling and ecosystem nutrient turnover. Microbial biomass is usually assumed to grow by cellular replication, despite microorganisms' capacity to increase biomass by synthesizing storage compounds. Resource investment in storage allows microbes to decouple their metabolic activity from immediate resource supply, supporting more diverse microbial responses to environmental changes. Here we show that microbial C storage in the form of triacylglycerides (TAGs) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) contributes significantly to the formation of new biomass, i.e. growth, under contrasting conditions of C availability and complementary nutrient supply in soil. Together these compounds can comprise a C pool 0.19 ± 0.03 to 0.46 ± 0.08 times as large as extractable soil microbial biomass and reveal up to 279 ± 72% more biomass growth than observed by a DNA-based method alone. Even under C limitation, storage represented an additional 16-96% incorporation of added C into microbial biomass. These findings encourage greater recognition of storage synthesis as a key pathway of biomass growth and an underlying mechanism for resistance and resilience of microbial communities facing environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Mason-Jones
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands.
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Breidenbach
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Dyckmans
- Centre for Stable Isotope Research and Analysis, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Callum C Banfield
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michaela A Dippold
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Thielemann L, Dippold MA, Guggenberger G, Kuzyakov Y, Banfield CC, Ge T, Guenther S, Bork P, Horn MA, Dorodnikov M. Microbial iron reduction compensates for phosphorus limitation in paddy soils. Sci Total Environ 2022; 837:155810. [PMID: 35561910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Limitation of rice growth by low phosphorus (P) availability is a widespread problem in tropical and subtropical soils because of the high content of iron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxides. Ferric iron-bound P (Fe(III)-P) can serve as a P source in paddies after Fe(III) reduction to Fe(II) and corresponding H2PO4- release. However, the relevance of reductive dissolution of Fe(III)-P for plant and microbial P uptake is still an open question. To quantify this, 32P-labeled ferrihydrite (30.8 mg P kg-1) was added to paddy soil mesocosms with rice to trace the P uptake by microorganisms and plants after Fe(III) reduction. Nearly 2% of 32P was recovered in rice plants, contributing 12% of the total P content in rice shoots and roots after 33 days. In contrast, 32P recovery in microbial biomass decreased from 0.5% to 0.08% of 32P between 10 and 33 days after rice transplantation. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic C content decreased from day 10 to 33 by 8-54% and 68-77%, respectively, suggesting that the microbial-mediated Fe(III) reduction was C-limited. The much faster decrease of MBC in rooted (by 54%) vs. bulk soil (8-36%) reflects very fast microbial turnover in the rice rhizosphere (high C and oxygen inputs) resulting in the mineralization of the microbial necromass. In conclusion, Fe(III)-P can serve as small but a relevant P source for rice production and could partly compensate plant P demand. Therefore, the P fertilization strategies should consider the P mobilization from Fe (oxyhydr)oxides in flooded paddy soils during rice growth. An increase in C availability for microorganisms in the rhizosphere intensifies P mobilization, which is especially critical at early stages of rice growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Lukas Thielemann
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michaela A Dippold
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Georg Guggenberger
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Callum C Banfield
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tida Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Stephanie Guenther
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Bork
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcus A Horn
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maxim Dorodnikov
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Manzoni S, Ding Y, Warren C, Banfield CC, Dippold MA, Mason-Jones K. Intracellular Storage Reduces Stoichiometric Imbalances in Soil Microbial Biomass – A Theoretical Exploration. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.714134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial intracellular storage is key to defining microbial resource use strategies and could contribute to carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. However, little attention has been devoted to the role of intracellular storage in soil processes, in particular from a theoretical perspective. Here we fill this gap by integrating intracellular storage dynamics into a microbially explicit soil C and nutrient cycling model. Two ecologically relevant modes of storage are considered: reserve storage, in which elements are routed to a storage compartment in proportion to their uptake rate, and surplus storage, in which elements in excess of microbial stoichiometric requirements are stored and limiting elements are remobilized from storage to fuel growth and microbial maintenance. Our aim is to explore with this model how these different storage modes affect the retention of C and nutrients in active microbial biomass under idealized conditions mimicking a substrate pulse experiment. As a case study, we describe C and phosphorus (P) dynamics using literature data to estimate model parameters. Both storage modes enhance the retention of elements in microbial biomass, but the surplus storage mode is more effective to selectively store or remobilize C and nutrients according to microbial needs. Enhancement of microbial growth by both storage modes is largest when the substrate C:nutrient ratio is high (causing nutrient limitation after substrate addition) and the amount of added substrate is large. Moreover, storage increases biomass nutrient retention and growth more effectively when resources are supplied in a few large pulses compared to several smaller pulses (mimicking a nearly constant supply), which suggests storage to be particularly relevant in highly dynamic soil microhabitats. Overall, our results indicate that storage dynamics are most important under conditions of strong stoichiometric imbalance and may be of high ecological relevance in soil environments experiencing large variations in C and nutrient supply.
Collapse
|
4
|
Goon PKC, Bello O, Adamczyk LA, Chan JYH, Sudhoff H, Banfield CC. Covid-19 dermatoses: Acral vesicular pattern evolving into bullous pemphigoid. Skin Health Dis 2021; 1:e6. [PMID: 35664813 PMCID: PMC9060155 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) appears to be rising in incidence across the Western World, especially in the elderly. Some of the pathogenetic mechanisms involving antigen mimicry and antibody cross‐reactivity have been elucidated for cases associated with neurological disease and certain drugs. There have been reports of cutaneous manifestations of Covid‐19 (SARS‐Cov2 infection) as the pandemic has raged across the world. We report here a case of prolonged Covid‐19, symptomatic with dermatoses only, which was seen to evolve initially from a maculo‐papular exanthema with acral vesicular dermatitis, into classical BP disease. This was confirmed histologically by positive skin autoantibody serology, direct IMF on peri‐lesional skin and also salt‐split IMF. Although possible that the development of BP could be a purely co‐incidental finding during Covid‐19, we suggest that it is more likely that prolonged SARS‐Cov2 infection triggered an autoimmune response to the basement membrane antigens, BP 180 and 230. To our knowledge, this is the first case of BP developing during concurrent Covid‐19 disease. It will be necessary to continue dermatological surveillance as the pandemic continues, to collate data on BP incidence and to test these patients for Covid‐19 disease. As the pandemic continues, even potential and rare associations such as this will be clarified eventually.
What's already known about this topic?
Covid‐19 disease has been associated with a spectrum of dermatoses Common presentations in up to 20% of patients include exanthema, pseudo‐chilblain like acral lesions ‘Covid toes’, livedo‐/retiform purpuric/necrotic vascular lesions, acute urticarial lesions, and vesicular/varicella‐like lesions A multi‐system inflammatory syndrome in children akin to Kawasaki syndrome has been described
What does this study add?
To our knowledge, this is the first description of classic Bullous Pemphigoid evolving from vesicular lesions caused by prolonged SARS‐Cov2 induced skin inflammation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P K C Goon
- Department of Dermatology Peterborough City Hospital North West Anglia Foundation Trust (NWAFT) Peterborough UK
| | - O Bello
- Department of Dermatology Peterborough City Hospital North West Anglia Foundation Trust (NWAFT) Peterborough UK
| | - L A Adamczyk
- Department of Histopathology Peterborough City Hospital North West Anglia Foundation Trust (NWAFT) Peterborough UK
| | - J Y H Chan
- Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK
| | - H Sudhoff
- University Hospital of Bielefeld Bielefeld Germany
| | - C C Banfield
- Department of Dermatology Peterborough City Hospital North West Anglia Foundation Trust (NWAFT) Peterborough UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nazari M, Riebeling S, Banfield CC, Akale A, Crosta M, Mason-Jones K, Dippold MA, Ahmed MA. Mucilage Polysaccharide Composition and Exudation in Maize From Contrasting Climatic Regions. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:587610. [PMID: 33363554 PMCID: PMC7752898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.587610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mucilage, a gelatinous substance comprising mostly polysaccharides, is exuded by maize nodal and underground root tips. Although mucilage provides several benefits for rhizosphere functions, studies on the variation in mucilage amounts and its polysaccharide composition between genotypes are still lacking. In this study, eight maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes from different globally distributed agroecological zones were grown under identical abiotic conditions in a randomized field experiment. Mucilage exudation amount, neutral sugars and uronic acids were quantified. Galactose (∼39-42%), fucose (∼22-30%), mannose (∼11-14%), and arabinose (∼8-11%) were the major neutral sugars in nodal root mucilage. Xylose (∼1-4%), and glucose (∼1-4%) occurred only in minor proportions. Glucuronic acid (∼3-5%) was the only uronic acid detected. The polysaccharide composition differed significantly between maize genotypes. Mucilage exudation was 135 and 125% higher in the Indian (900 M Gold) and Kenyan (DH 02) genotypes than in the central European genotypes, respectively. Mucilage exudation was positively associated with the vapor pressure deficit of the genotypes' agroecological zone. The results indicate that selection for environments with high vapor pressure deficit may favor higher mucilage exudation, possibly because mucilage can delay the onset of hydraulic failure during periods of high vapor pressure deficit. Genotypes from semi-arid climates might offer sources of genetic material for beneficial mucilage traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Nazari
- Division of Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie Riebeling
- Division of Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Callum C. Banfield
- Division of Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Asegidew Akale
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Margherita Crosta
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kyle Mason-Jones
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michaela A. Dippold
- Division of Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mutez Ali Ahmed
- Division of Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goon PKC, Banfield CC, Bello O, Abraham T, Lim HY, Summerfield E, Shalders K, Sudhoff H, Mallett RB. Real-world NHS drug survival and efficacy data for Secukinumab in chronic plaque psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e716-e718. [PMID: 32343430 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P K C Goon
- Department of Dermatology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - C C Banfield
- Department of Dermatology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - O Bello
- Department of Dermatology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - T Abraham
- Department of Dermatology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - H Y Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - E Summerfield
- Department of Dermatology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - K Shalders
- Department of Dermatology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - H Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Bielefeld University Hospital, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - R B Mallett
- Department of Dermatology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mason-Jones K, Banfield CC, Dippold MA. Compound-specific 13 C stable isotope probing confirms synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate by soil bacteria. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2019; 33:795-802. [PMID: 30719792 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Many bacteria synthesize carbon (C) and energy storage compounds, including water-insoluble polyester lipids composed mainly or entirely of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Despite the potential significance of C and energy storage for microbial life and C cycling, few measurements of PHB in soil have been reported. METHODS A new protocol was implemented, based on an earlier sediment extraction and derivatization procedure, with quantification by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 13 C-isotopic analysis by GC/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). RESULTS The PHB content was 4.3 μg C g-1 in an agricultural soil and 1.2 μg C g-1 in a forest topsoil. This was an order of magnitude more PHB than obtained by the existing extraction method, suggesting that native PHB in soil has been previously underestimated. Addition of glucose increased the PHB content by 135% and 1,215% over 5 days, with the largest increase in the relatively nutrient-poor forest soil. In the agricultural soil, 68% of the increase was derived from added 13 C-labeled glucose, confirming synthesis of PHB from glucose for the first time in soil. CONCLUSIONS The presence and responsiveness of PHB in both these contrasting soils show that PHB could provide a useful indicator of bacterial nutritional status and unbalanced growth. Microbial storage could be important to C and nutrient cycling and be a widespread strategy in the life of soil bacteria. The presented method offers new insight into the significance of this compound in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Mason-Jones
- Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Callum C Banfield
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michaela A Dippold
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
We review the immunology of atopic dermatitis (AD) and focus attention on the role of cutaneous dendritic cells. AD is a complex immune-mediated skin disorder characterized by the recruitment of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the skin. T-helper (Th) 2-type cytokines are dominant in acute AD skin, while both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines are present in chronic AD. Cutaneous dendritic cells, which are present in increased numbers within AD skin, are believed to play a key part in the activation of T cells in the skin. They may also help to determine the pattern of cytokines produced by activated effector T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Banfield
- Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1 3JH, U.K.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
In this review, the current state of knowledge concerning nail melanoma is summarized. The pathogenesis, histological findings, clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis of this rare form of cutaneous melanoma are discussed. Important clinical clues to the early diagnosis of nail melanoma are highlighted and recommendations to improve the management of patients are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Banfield
- Department of Dermatology, The Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LT, U.K.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Banfield CC, Dawber RP, Walker NP, Stables GI, Zeina B, Schomberg K. Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of in situ nail apparatus melanoma: a case report. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 40:98-9. [PMID: 9922020 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nail apparatus melanoma (or subungual melanoma) is rare and accounts for only 1.4% of all cutaneous melanomas in the United Kingdom. We report the use of fixed-tissue Mohs micrographic surgery to treat a biopsy-proven Clark level I in situ nail apparatus melanoma, presenting with diffuse longitudinal melanonychia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Banfield
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Banfield CC, Redburn JC, Dawber RP. The incidence and prognosis of nail apparatus melanoma. A retrospective study of 105 patients in four English regions. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139:276-9. [PMID: 9767242 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our population-based study establishes epidemiological data on age-specific incidence rates, clinical presentation, Breslow microstaging, treatment and survival of nail apparatus melanoma (NAM) patients in England. Four cancer registries, covering a population of 10.6 million, recorded 105 cases of NAM during the period 1984-93. During the same decade there was a total of 7585 patients with cutaneous melanoma and NAM represents 1.4% of all cutaneous melanoma. The incidence rate of NAM in English patients is 0.1 per 100,000 of the population per annum. Amelanotic melanoma was the clinical presentation in 24 of our NAM cases. The overall prognosis is poor with an observed 5 year survival of only 51%. Patients with NAM less than 2.5 mm Breslow depth have a 5 year survival of 88% and are twice as likely to survive compared with those with tumours greater or equal to 2.5 mm in thickness (P < 0. 05). NAM patients are best managed by a multidisciplinary team approach in a few key skin cancer centres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Banfield
- Department of Dermatology, The Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LT, U.K
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
This study compares the cutaneous reactivity between the hand and the back for 7 female patients with active hand eczema, who were found to be nickel-sensitive on routine patch testing with the European standard series. Patients were patch tested to a dilution series of nickel sulfate on the back in order to determine the threshold concentration for elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis, and based upon this result a lower concentration of nickel was then used for patch tests on the hand. We found that in the majority of patients (6/7) the cutaneous responsiveness of the hand was not increased compared with that of the back. However, the hand of 1 patient was more sensitive to nickel and patch testing was accompanied with a flare of her eczema, which suggests that cutaneous hyperreactivity may be important in individual patients with hand eczema.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
This study examines in detail the HLA associations of 74 patients (40 women and 34 men) with bullous pemphigoid (BP) and compares their immunogenetic profile with that of 604 unrelated control subjects (238 women and 366 men). Correlations were sought between HLA antigens and the various BP disease parameters investigated. The presence of milia was the only clinical or laboratory finding which was linked with a specific HLA antigen, HLA-DQ6, in both men and women with BP (P < 0.01). BP has previously been linked with the HLA-DQ7 antigen and this association was confirmed in 39 of our patients (14 women and 25 men). Twelve of these patients (four women and eight men) were homozygous for HLA-DQ7. The association of HLA-DQ7 with BP was gender-restricted and only significant for men (P < 0.01). No equivalent HLA disease susceptibility risk factor could be identified for our female BP patients. This difference in HLA association between men and women with BP has not been reported previously, and its significance for disease pathogenesis is not known. No specific link could be found between HLA-DQ7 and BP for any of the clinical, immunofluorescence, western blotting, treatment or prognostic disease factors studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Banfield
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
We describe three patients who initially presented with both clinical and immunological findings to support a diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid but whose subsequent course has been that of cicatricial pemphigoid. Mucosal scarring was accompanied by a fall in autoantibody titres in our three patients. These cases illustrate the difficulties clinicians may experience in assigning a specific diagnosis to patients. They also support the concept that bullous pemphigoid and cicatricial pemphigoid are part of a single disease spectrum. The most intriguing question is what specific factors determine the expression of a particular disease phenotype as bullous pemphigoid and cicatricial pemphigoid share target antigens and also the DQ7 allele.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Banfield
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Banfield CC, Dawber RP. Nail apparatus melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996; 34:322. [PMID: 8642107 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(96)80149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|