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Lobão WJDM, Zajdenverg L, Lopes GC, Barros MCMD, Sansone C, Silva-Boghossian CM. Redox biomarkers in saliva and nuclear abnormalities in jugal epithelial cells of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 161:105915. [PMID: 38412774 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate salivary redox biomarkers levels in individuals with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and correlate with periodontal parameters and nuclear alterations in epithelial cells from jugal mucosa. DESIGN Sixty individuals were categorized into three groups: T2DM with periodontitis (DM, n = 20), non-T2DM with periodontitis (PE, n = 20), and non-T2DM with periodontal health (HC, n = 20). All participants underwent fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin measurements. After a periodontal examination, samples of epithelial cells from the jugal mucosa and saliva were collected. DNA damage was assessed by counting nuclear abnormalities using cytological analysis. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were determined through biochemical methods. Significant differences among groups were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests at a 5% significance level. Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, linear regression, and logistic regression. RESULTS Frequencies of nuclear abnormalities, as well as levels of reduced glutathione and uric acid, were significantly higher in the DM group compared to the PE and HC groups (p < 0.05). Fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, nuclear abnormalities, reduced glutathione, and uric acid exhibited positive correlations with periodontal parameters (p < 0.05). Furthermore, reduced glutathione was associated with dental biofilm (OR = 1.027 [95% CI, 1.004-1.049]) and condensed chromatin (OR = 0.415 [95% CI, 0.196-0.878]). CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis and T2DM are correlated with nuclear abnormalities, as well as salivary reduced glutathione and uric acid levels. Moreover, a higher prevalence of teeth with dental biofilm increases the likelihood of elevated levels of reduced glutathione in saliva, while the presence of condensed chromatin decreases that likelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walder Jansen de Mello Lobão
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lenita Zajdenverg
- Department of Medical Clinic, Division of Nutrology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Casimiro Lopes
- Physical Education and Sports Institute, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Cynésia Medeiros de Barros
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carmelo Sansone
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carina M Silva-Boghossian
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Roza VB, Brasil SC, Mello LF, Silva-Boghossian CM. Unvaccinated periodontal patients with a history of COVID-19: clinical findings in a Dental School setting. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:134-139. [PMID: 38133468 PMCID: PMC10759953 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the periodontal clinical data of individuals with a history of COVID-19 treated in a dental school during the pandemic in 2021 before vaccination. METHODS This analysis included individuals older than 18 years with no history of systemic disorders other than systemic arterial hypertension. Individuals who had COVID-19 were classified according to the World Health Organization as asymptomatic, with mild, moderate, severe, or critical symptoms. RESULTS A total of 95 individuals were evaluated, which included 24 with a history of COVID-19. Seventeen percent had been asymptomatic, 21% had mild, 25% moderate, 21% severe, and 17% critical symptoms, including intubation. Individuals with no history of COVID-19 presented significantly lower measurements of probing depth (p=0.003; Mann-Whitney test) and clinical attachment level (p=0.002) compared to individuals with a history of COVID-19. A significant negative association was found between bleeding on probing and the severity of characteristics of COVID-19 (rho= -0.233; p=0.023). Conversely, positive associations between the values of probing depth (rho= 0.292; p=0.004) and mean clinical attachment level (rho= 0.300; p=0.003) and the characteristics of COVID-19 were found. CONCLUSIONS The periodontal data shows that patients who had COVID-19 before vaccination may present a worse periodontal status when compared to patients in the same clinical setting with no history of COVID-19. However, a more extensive study should confirm it with more participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa B. Roza
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade do Grande Rio, Professor José de Souza Herdy, 1160, Jardim Vinte e Cinco de Agosto, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sabrina C. Brasil
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade do Grande Rio, Professor José de Souza Herdy, 1160, Jardim Vinte e Cinco de Agosto, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiza F. Mello
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, R. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carina M. Silva-Boghossian
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, R. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Periodontitis and obesity are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory state. Obese individuals have a higher chance of presenting periodontitis. Clinical studies in different populations demonstrate that individuals with obesity have worse periodontal conditions. This current review aims to explore recent literature to understand what the impacts of obesity on periodontal treatment outcomes are and to learn whether periodontal treatment can improve systemic biomarkers in obese individuals. Recent Findings Short- and long-term evaluations demonstrated that non-surgical periodontal treatment could improve clinical parameters in obese individuals, represented as the reduction in mean probing depth, sites with probing depth ≥ 4 mm, and extension of bleeding on probing. However, obese individuals may have less clinical improvement when compared to normal-weight individuals with a similar periodontal profile. Additionally, periodontal treatment may contribute to a reduction in systemic levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and leptin, while promoting an increase in systemic levels of adiponectin. Summary Overall, obese individuals with periodontitis can significantly benefit from non-surgical periodontal treatment. However, clinical improvements seem to be less prominent in obese individuals with periodontitis compared to non-obese individuals with similar periodontal status. Nevertheless, periodontal treatment may impact significantly on the reduction of several biochemical biomarkers of obesity with or without weight reduction. Further investigations are needed to improve our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying those findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M. Silva-Boghossian
- Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-617 Brazil
| | - Romulo S. Dezonne
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University of Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, RJ Brazil
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Lorosa AH, Pereira CM, Hussne RP, Silva-Boghossian CM. Evaluation of dental students' knowledge and patient care towards HIV/AIDS individuals. Eur J Dent Educ 2019; 23:212-219. [PMID: 30681237 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to evaluate the knowledge of the students of dental students regarding patients care towards HIV positive individuals. METHODS Two hundred and eighty-three dental students (pre-clinical, n = 45; clinical, n = 238) answered an electronic questionnaire, approaching biosafety procedures, oral manifestations of AIDS and knowledge of HIV infection. Data were present as an average from findings from students of nine different semesters, grouping them by pre-clinical (1-4) and clinical (5-9) semesters, from two different university campuses. Furthermore, data were analysed using the t test and chi-square test. RESULTS Students' mean age was 24 years. Amongst 14 oral manifestations questioned, Kaposi sarcoma, oral candidiasis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and herpes simplex were more associated with HIV. Over 90% of the respondents would be concerned about becoming infected with HIV after a needle stick injury and were willing to be tested for HIV; know that HIV/AIDS patients can contaminate dental care professionals, that needle perforation can transmit HIV, and that medical professionals are more prone to cross-contamination. Regarding the use of physical barrier, almost all participants use disposable mask, goggles, cap and procedure gloves with all patients; the use of disposable lab coat and two pairs of gloves were the least used with all patients. CONCLUSIONS Participating students have good knowledge on biosafety in the management of HIV/AIDS patients, as well as on the most commonly associated oral manifestations. However, there is a need for improvement on some topics related to HIV/AIDS, especially regarding less known oral lesions, and HIV diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adair H Lorosa
- School of Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Pereira
- School of Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Renata P Hussne
- School of Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Carina M Silva-Boghossian
- School of Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compared the composition of subgingival microbiota between obese and non-obese women with or without periodontal disease. METHODS Full-mouth periodontal clinical assessments were carried out in 76 obese women (17 periodontally healthy and 59 with periodontal disease), and 34 non-obese women (12 periodontally healthy, 22 with periodontal disease). Subgingival biofilm samples were individually obtained from seven sites of each individual, and the prevalence and counts of 40 bacterial taxa were determined by the checkerboard method. The frequency and counts of each species were computed for each individual and across the groups. Differences among and between groups were sought by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively. Possible correlations between obesity and clinical and microbiologic parameters were tested with Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus oralis, and Capnocytophaga ochracea were found in significantly higher levels in obese compared with non-obese women (P < 0.01). In patients with periodontal health, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Leptotrichia buccalis were detected in higher mean frequency and/or counts in obese women than in non-obese women, whereas in patients with periodontal disease, obese women harbored greater levels of C. ochracea than non-obese women (P < 0.01). Moreover, obese women with periodontal disease presented significantly greater mean counts of P. gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia than non-obese women with periodontal health (P < 0.01). When the conditions obesity and periodontal disease are present at the same time, significant positive correlations were detected with C. ocharcea, P. gingivalis, S. sanguinis, and T. forsythia. CONCLUSION Few differences in the composition of the subgingival microbiota of obese and non-obese women with periodontal health or disease were found. However, a high prevalence of P. gingivalis in obese women with periodontal health was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M Silva-Boghossian
- Division of Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Periodontics and Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University of Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Paola C Cesário
- Division of Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Thereza T Leão
- Division of Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula V Colombo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Skeff MA, Brito GAC, de Oliveira MG, Braga CM, Cavalcante MM, Baldim V, Holanda-Afonso RC, Silva-Boghossian CM, Colombo AP, Ribeiro RA, Moura-Neto V, Leitão RFC. S-nitrosoglutathione accelerates recovery from 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113378. [PMID: 25478918 PMCID: PMC4257535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mucositis induced by anti-neoplastic drugs is an important, dose-limiting and costly side-effect of cancer therapy. Aim To evaluate the effect of the topical application of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a nitric oxide donor, on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis in hamsters. Materials and Methods Oral mucositis was induced in male hamsters by two intraperitoneal administrations of 5-FU on the first and second days of the experiment (60 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) followed by mechanical trauma on the fourth day. Animals received saline, HPMC or HPMC/GSNO (0.1, 0.5 or 2.0 mM) 1 h prior to the 5-FU injection and twice a day for 10 or 14 days. Samples of cheek pouches were harvested for: histopathological analysis, TNF-α and IL-1β levels, immunohistochemical staining for iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, Ki67 and TGF-β RII and a TUNEL assay. The presence and levels of 39 bacterial taxa were analyzed using the Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. The profiles of NO released from the HPMC/GSNO formulations were characterized using chemiluminescence. Results The HPMC/GSNO formulations were found to provide sustained release of NO for more than 4 h at concentration-dependent rates of 14 to 80 nmol/mL/h. Treatment with HPMC/GSNO (0.5 mM) significantly reduced mucosal damage, inflammatory alterations and cell death associated with 5-FU-induced oral mucositis on day 14 but not on day 10. HPMC/GSNO administration also reversed the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on cell proliferation on day 14. In addition, we observed that the chemotherapy significantly increased the levels and/or prevalence of several bacterial species. Conclusion Topical HPMC/GSNO accelerates mucosal recovery, reduces inflammatory parameters, speeds up re-epithelization and decreases levels of periodontopathic species in mucosal ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Adriana Skeff
- Laboratory of Cell Morphogenesis, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Cintia M. Braga
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Matheus M. Cavalcante
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Victor Baldim
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosenilde C. Holanda-Afonso
- Laboratory of Cell Morphogenesis, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carina M. Silva-Boghossian
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Colombo
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A. Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Laboratory of Cell Morphogenesis, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata F. C. Leitão
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Souto R, Silva-Boghossian CM, Colombo APV. Prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. in subgingival biofilm and saliva of subjects with chronic periodontal infection. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:495-501. [PMID: 25242933 PMCID: PMC4166274 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. are important pathogens associated with late nosocomial pneumonia in hospitalized and institutionalized individuals. The oral cavity may be a major source of these respiratory pathogens, particularly in the presence of poor oral hygiene and periodontal infection. This study investigated the prevalence of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. in subgingival biofilm and saliva of subjects with periodontal disease or health. Samples were obtained from 55 periodontally healthy (PH) and 169 chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. DNA was obtained from the samples and detection of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. was carried out by multiplex and nested PCR. P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. were detected in 40% and 45% of all samples, respectively. No significant differences in the distribution of these microorganisms between men and women, subgingival biofilm and saliva samples, patients ≤ 35 and > 35 years of age, and smokers and non-smokers were observed regardless periodontal status (p > 0.05). In contrast, the frequencies of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. in saliva and biofilm samples were significantly greater in CP than PH patients (p < 0.01). Smokers presenting P. aeruginosa and high frequencies of supragingival plaque were more likely to present CP than PH. P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. are frequently detected in the oral microbiota of CP. Poor oral hygiene, smoking and the presence of P. aeruginosa are strongly associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Souto
- Instituto de Microbiologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carina M Silva-Boghossian
- Departamento de Clínica Odontológica Faculdade de Odontologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil Departamento de Clínica Odontológica, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Silva-Boghossian CM, Neves AB, Resende FAR, Colombo APV. Suppuration-associated bacteria in patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2013; 84:e9-e16. [PMID: 23327648 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.120639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppuration (SUP) on probing may be an indication of active periodontal breakdown. The aim of the present study is to analyze which subgingival species are associated with SUP in patients with chronic (CP) and aggressive (AgP) periodontitis. METHODS A total of 156 patients with CP and 66 with AgP were submitted to full-mouth periodontal examination and subgingival biofilm sampling (14 sites/patient). The counts of 44 bacterial species were determined by checkerboard. Comparisons between groups and sites were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, respectively. Associations between frequency of SUP and bacterial species were analyzed by the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS The prevalence of SUP in patients with CP was 24.4%, and in patients with AgP it was 30.3%, and the percentage of SUP sites in the groups was 5.72% ± 1.06% and 6.96% ± 1.70%, respectively (P >0.05). SUP sites from patients with CP had significantly higher counts of Veillonella parvula, Dialister pneumosintes, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella nigrescens than SUP sites from patients with AgP (P <0.005). Significant positive correlations between high frequency of SUP and high levels of Actinomyces spp, Streptococcus spp., members of the orange complex, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed in patients with CP (P <0.05). In patients with AgP, Actinomyces oris, Propionibacterium acnes, P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus sanguinis were positively associated with SUP, whereas Prevotella intermedia presented a negative association with SUP (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS SUP sites from patients with CP harbored significantly higher counts of several periodontal species than SUP sites from patients with AgP. Actinomyces spp., Streptococcus spp., members of the orange complex, T. forsythia, and certain non-oral pathogens were associated with a high number of sites with SUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M Silva-Boghossian
- Department of Dental Clinics, Division of Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Ramos MPDA, Ferreira SMS, Silva-Boghossian CM, Souto R, Colombo AP, Noce CW, Gonçalves LDS. Necrotizing periodontal diseases in HIV-infected Brazilian patients: a clinical and microbiologic descriptive study. Quintessence Int 2012; 43:71-82. [PMID: 22259811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nowadays, necrotizing periodontal diseases have a low prevalence; however, a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of these diseases is necessary for determining more adequate preventive and therapeutic strategies. METHOD AND MATERIALS From a pool of 1,232 HIV-infected patients, 15 presented with necrotizing periodontal diseases, which were evaluated by full-mouth periodontal clinical measurements. Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from necrotizing lesions of six of these individuals. The presence and levels of 47 bacterial species were determined by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS All 15 patients (10 had severe immunodeficiency) had been infected sexually. Thirteen patients were taking antiretroviral medication (66.7% undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy). Regarding necrotizing periodontal diseases, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (60%) was more prevalent than necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (40%). The frequency of supragingival biofilm and bleeding on probing ranged from 11.5% to 59.2% and 3.0% to 54.0%, respectively, whereas the mean probing depth and clinical attachment level were between 1.48 and 2.61 mm and 1.30 and 2.62 mm, respectively. Species detected in high prevalence and/or counts in necrotizing lesions included Treponema denticola, Eikenella corrodens, Dialister pneumosintes, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus intermedius, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Campylobacter rectus. In contrast, Parvimonas micra, Prevotella melaninogenica, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eubacterium nodatum, and Helicobacter pylori were observed in the lowest mean prevalence and/or counts. CONCLUSION Necrotizing periodontal disease lesions in HIV-infected patients present a microbiota with high prevalence and/or counts of classical periodontal pathogens, in particular T denticola, as well as species not commonly considered as periodontal pathogens, such as E faecalis and D pneumosintes. In addition, these individuals with necrotizing periodontal disease frequently display severe immunodeficiency and AIDS-defining diseases such as tuberculosis.
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de Souza CAS, Colombo APV, Souto RM, Silva-Boghossian CM, Granjeiro JM, Alves GG, Rossi AM, Rocha-Leão MHM. Adsorption of chlorhexidine on synthetic hydroxyapatite and in vitro biological activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 87:310-8. [PMID: 21676601 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The kinetic of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHXDG) uptake from aqueous solution by hydroxyapatite (HA) was investigated by ultraviolet (UV) analysis performed in HA powder (UV-solid) after the CHX adsorption. Adsorption isotherm of chlorhexidine (CHX) uptake was modeled by a combination of Languimir and Langmuir-Freundlich mechanisms. Strong molecule-molecule interactions and positive cooperativity predominated in the surface when CHX concentration was above 8.6 μg(CHX)/mg(HA). UV-solid spectra (shape, intensity and band position) of CHX bound to HA revealed that long-range molecular structures, such as aggregates or micelles, started to be formed at low CHX concentrations (1.52 μg(CHX)/mg(HA)) and predominated at high concentrations. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis from synchrotron radiation discarded the formation of crystalline structures on HA surface or precipitation of CHX crystalline salts, as suggested in previous works. The effect of the HA/CHX association on HA in vitro bioactivity, cytotoxicity and CHX antimicrobial activity was evaluated. It was shown that CHX did not inhibit the precipitation of a poorly crystalline apatite at HA/CHX surface after soaking in simulating body fluid (SBF). Cell viability studies after exposure to extracts of HA and HA/CHX showed that both biomaterials did not present significant in vitro toxicity. Moreover, HA/CHX inhibited Enterococcus faecalis growth for up to 6 days, revealing that binding to HA did not affect antimicrobial activity of CHX and reduced bacterial adhesion. These results suggested that HA/CHX association could result in a potential adjuvant antimicrobial system for clinical use.
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Silva-Boghossian CM, Luiz R, Colombo AP. Risk indicators for increased periodontal probing depth in subjects attending a public dental school in Brazil. Oral Health Prev Dent 2011; 9:289-299. [PMID: 22068186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the prevalence, extent and severity of periodontal probing depth (PD) and their association with sociodemographic and behavioural parameters in subjects attending a public dental school in Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five hundred and fifty-nine consenting participants (18 to 77 years of age) were submitted to full-mouth periodontal clinical examination and anamnesis questionnaires. The data were analysed by multivariable models using logistic regression analyses. The dependent variables were moderate (≥ 5 mm in ≥ 10% of sites) and deep (≥ 7 mm in at least one site) PD. RESULTS The prevalence of individuals with at least one site with PD ≥ 5 mm or ≥ 7 mm was 69% and 54%, respectively. Mean PD ranged from 2.86 to 3.08 mm, and the mean frequency of sites with moderate and deep PD ranged from 10.74% to 14.99%, and from 4.60% to 5.36%, respectively, according to age. Multivariate analyses identified a higher risk for having PD ≥ 5 in ≥ 10% of sites and 7 mm in at least one site in smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 10.56 and 9.10, respectively), and the presence of >10% of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) (OR = 6.37 to 20.91, and 6.94 to 26.19, respectively). Age 36 to 50 years (OR = 1.95) and >50 years (OR = 3.15), presence of >30% of sites with supragingival biofilm (SB) (OR = 2.80), and ≥ 4 missing teeth (OR = 2.26) were risk indicators for PD ≥ 7 mm in at least one site. CONCLUSION This particular Brazilian population presented high prevalence and extent of increased periodontal probing depth. Age, smoking, BOP, SB, and tooth loss were risk indicators associated with probing depth in these individuals.
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Silva-Boghossian CM, Luiz RR, Colombo APV. Periodontal Status, Sociodemographic, and Behavioral Indicators in Subjects Attending a Public Dental School in Brazil: Analysis of Clinical Attachment Loss. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1945-54. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Da Rós Gonçalves L, Oliveira CAGR, Holanda R, Silva-Boghossian CM, Colombo APV, Maia LC, Feres-Filho EJ. Periodontal status of patients with dentin dysplasia type I: report of three cases within a family. J Periodontol 2008; 79:1304-11. [PMID: 18597615 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentin dysplasia type I (DDI) is a rare hereditary disturbance of dentin formation. It is characterized by clinically normal-appearing crowns; obliteration of pulp chambers; and short, blunted and malformed roots that are commonly associated with periodontal attachment loss (PAL). In this context, we report three cases within a family with similar clinical and radiographic features of DDI but with differing microbiologic and periodontal conditions. METHODS A 42-year-old white female and her two daughters (25 and 10 years of age) presented with a diagnosis of DDI. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), visible plaque, and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Subgingival biofilm samples were randomly collected and analyzed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS The mother presented 34.9% of sites with PD > or =4 mm, 41.3% of sites with CAL > or =4 mm, and 57% of sites with BOP; both daughters presented no sites with PD or CAL >3 mm and <10% of sites with BOP. Microbiologic analysis detected Gemella morbillorum, Neisseria mucosa, and Staphylococcus aureus in > or =50% of the mother's samples. The daughters showed high levels (>10(4) bacterial cells) of some periodontopathic bacteria, including members of the red (Porphyromonas gingivalis) and orange (Fusobacterium periodonticum and F. nucleatum polymorphum) complexes and beneficial species of the yellow (Streptococcus gordonii) and purple (Veillonella parvula) complexes. The mother presented high mean levels only for four tested species (N. mucosa, Prevotella melaninogenica, Treponema denticola, and V. parvula). CONCLUSION A combination of radiographs, microbiologic analysis, and preventive professional monitoring care is important to avoid PAL and to provide oral health in patients with DDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Da Rós Gonçalves
- Division of Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Silva-Boghossian CM, Amaral CSF, Maia LC, Luiz RR, Colombo APV. Manual and electronic probing of the periodontal attachment level in untreated periodontitis: a systematic review. J Dent 2008; 36:651-7. [PMID: 18534736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic review of clinical trials has been performed to evaluate the reproducibility of manual (MP) and electronic probes (EP) in the measurement of clinical periodontal attachment level (AL) in untreated periodontitis subjects. METHODS Systematic electronic (PubMed Medline and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science--LILACS literature databases) and hand searches (English, Spanish and Portuguese languages; search terms "periodontitis diagnosis", "clinical attachment level measurements", "clinical attachment level detection", "clinical diagnosis of periodontitis", "manual probe", "electronic probe", "periodontitis or periodontal disease or attachment level or clinical attachment level") were performed to identify clinical trials involving CAL measurements, MP and EP in untreated periodontitis subjects. Quality and external validity were determined for selected studies. RESULTS The initial search identified 37 articles. Ten studies met the initial eligibility, but eight were excluded after thorough analysis. The results from those two selected studies showed that the average variance and the absolute mean difference of CAL measurements for both types of probes cannot be considered different. CONCLUSION "Based on this systematic review, MP and EP probes showed a tendency to have similar reliability in the measurement of CAL in untreated periodontitis subjects when used by a calibrated examiner. However, this finding is not supported by strong evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M Silva-Boghossian
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Graduate Periodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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