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Lee JJ, Rao DW, Robles G, Kerani RP, Naismith K, Rodriguez-Díaz CE, Rendina HJ, Katz DA. Differences in HIV Risk and Prevention Among Cisgender Latino Sexual Minority Men by Language of Online Survey Completion: Analysis of National and Washington State Data. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:662-673. [PMID: 34405303 PMCID: PMC9132616 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Internet-based surveys can be programmed and advertised in multiple languages to reach non-English-speaking individuals, but it is unclear the extent to which this enhances the diversity of participants and supports inclusion of individuals at higher risk for HIV. We sought to examine how language of survey completion (English or Spanish) was associated with sociodemographic characteristics and indicators of HIV risk and prevention among cisgender Latino sexual minority men (SMM). We analyzed national and Washington State data using the Understanding New Infections through Targeted Epidemiology (UNITE) Cohort Study (2017 and 2018) and the Washington HIV/STI Prevention Project (WHSPP) survey (2017 and 2018/2019), respectively. Latino SMM who completed online surveys in Spanish differed from those who completed surveys in English across several sociodemographic characteristics including age, education, and income. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and HIV-related risk factors, Spanish language respondents in UNITE were less likely to have tested for HIV in the past year, and those in WHSPP were more likely to report a recent STI diagnosis. Findings suggest that Latino SMM who complete surveys in Spanish comprise a unique subgroup that may have a specific HIV health and risk behavior profile. Our results suggest a need for increased and tailored efforts to recruit and include Spanish-speaking Latino SMM for local and national research and public health programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane J Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, 4101 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Darcy White Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gabriel Robles
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Roxanne P Kerani
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Naismith
- Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, WA, USA
| | - Carlos E Rodriguez-Díaz
- The George Washington University-Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - H Jonathon Rendina
- The George Washington University-Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David A Katz
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Maiorana A, Zamudio-Haas S, Sauceda J, Rodriguez-Díaz CE, Brooks RA, Santiago-Rodríguez E, Myers JJ. "Holidays Come, Sundays Come. It is Very Sad to be Alone": Transnational Practices and the Importance of Family for Mexican and Puerto Rican Latinxs Living with HIV in the Continental U.S. J Immigr Minor Health 2020:10.1007/s10903-020-01035-0. [PMID: 32500399 PMCID: PMC7271632 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Latinxs continue to be overrepresented in the U.S. HIV epidemic. We examined the transnational practices, family relationships, and realities of life of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans living with HIV in the continental U.S. We conducted qualitative interviews with 44 persons of Mexican and Puerto Rican origin participating in HIV care engagement interventions. Framework Analysis guided our data analysis. Among participants, a strong connection to the family was intertwined with transnational practices: communication, travel to their place of origin to maintain family ties, and material and/or emotional support. Separation from their family contributed to social isolation. Many participants lacked emotional support regarding living with HIV. Transnational practices and family relationships were intrinsic to the experiences of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans living with HIV in the continental U.S.; and may help understand the points of reference, health-seeking behaviors, and support sources that influence their health, well-being and engagement in HIV care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Maiorana
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Sophia Zamudio-Haas
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John Sauceda
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Carlos E Rodriguez-Díaz
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Brooks
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edda Santiago-Rodríguez
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Janet J Myers
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Rodriguez-Díaz CE, Lewellen-Williams C. Race and Racism as Structural Determinants for Emergency and Recovery Response in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and Maria in Puerto Rico. Health Equity 2020; 4:232-238. [PMID: 32462105 PMCID: PMC7247035 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2019.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the role of race and racism in emergency response and recovery in the aftermath of hurricanes in Puerto Rico (PR). Methods: Sixteen semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted between March and April 2018 with community members who had an active role in the process of response and relief efforts. Among participants, eight were from PR, and eight were of Puerto Rican descent living in the continental United States. Narrative text from interviews was analyzed using grounded theory approach and narrative analysis techniques. Results: Participants were adult men and women from different municipalities in PR and diverse regions of the continental United States and with diverse professional and economic backgrounds. In the analysis of the interviews, "fitting the box" of race, race in emergency and recovery response, and community philanthropy emerged across narratives as frequent and as illustrative of the issues of race/racism and response to natural disasters in PR. Participants shared a perception that the combination of disasters, including natural disasters and historic political mismanagement, is the cause of the precarious conditions in PR in the aftermath of the hurricanes. Race was perceived as a problematic construct in the understanding of Puerto Rican identities. Racism was contextualized as part of the complicated relationship between PR and the United States and as an obstacle for adequate emergency response. Conclusions: Systemic racism was perceived as a barrier to emergency and recovery response in the aftermath of natural disasters. Structural changes are required to reduce vulnerability and health inequities in PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Rodriguez-Díaz
- School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.,Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Charlotte Lewellen-Williams
- Center for Community Philanthropy, Clinton School of Public Service, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Clatts MC, Rodriguez-Díaz CE, García H, Vargas-Molina RL, Jovet-Toledo GG, Goldsamt LA. Preliminary Evidence of Significant Gaps in Continuity of HIV Care among Excarcerated Populations in Puerto Rico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 10:339-41. [DOI: 10.1177/1545109711418833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Puerto Rico has high HIV prevalence and incidence rates, including a large prison population living with HIV. While HIV treatment is available within the prisons, there are no linkages to care or treatment preparedness interventions following release. Methods: In an effort to assess the risk of treatment discontinuity in this group, we examined data from an ongoing epidemiological study in the largest, publicly funded HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) treatment center in the San Juan area. Results: Among the newly enrolled, HIV-positive patients with a history of incarceration, there was an average 4-year gap in reengagement in treatment. Drug and sexual risk behaviors were prevalent, as was evidence of significant immune impairment (including high viral load and low CD4 count). Conclusions: Treatment discontinuity may contribute to poor health outcomes in this group and also fuel new infections. There is an urgent need for interventions to retain HIV-positive inmates in community HIV care following release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Clatts
- School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | - Hermes García
- Puerto Rico Department of Health–Centro Latinoamericano de Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (CLETS), San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | | | - Lloyd A. Goldsamt
- National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., New York, NY, USA
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