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Bezemer KD, van Duin LV, Martín-Alberca C, Somsen GW, Schoenmakers PJ, Haselberg R, van Asten AC. Rapid forensic chemical classification of confiscated flash banger fireworks using capillary electrophoresis. Forensic Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2019.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Falatová B, Ferreiro-González M, Martín-Alberca C, Kačíková D, Galla Š, Palma M, G Barroso C. Effects of Fire Suppression Agents and Weathering in the Analysis of Fire Debris by HS-MS eNose. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18061933. [PMID: 29899213 PMCID: PMC6021975 DOI: 10.3390/s18061933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In arson attacks the detection of ignitable liquid residues (ILRs) at fire scenes provides key evidence since ignitable liquids, such as gasoline, are commonly used to initiate the fire. In most forensic laboratories gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is employed for the analysis of ILRs. When a fire occurs, suppression agents are used to extinguish the fire and, before the scene is investigated, the samples at the scene are subjected to a variety of processes such as weathering, which can significantly modify the chemical composition and thus lead to erroneous conclusions. In order to avoid this possibility, the application of chemometric tools that help the analyst to extract useful information from data is very advantageous. The study described here concerned the application of a headspace-mass spectrometry electronic nose (HS-MS eNose) combined with chemometric tools to determine the presence/absence of gasoline in weathered fire debris samples. The effect of applying two suppression agents (Cafoam Aquafoam AF-6 and Pyro-chem PK-80 Powder) and delays in the sampling time (from 0 to 48 h) were studied. It was found that, although the suppression systems affect the mass spectra, the HS-MS eNose in combination with suitable pattern recognition chemometric tools, such as linear discriminant analysis, is able to identify the presence of gasoline in any of the studied situations (100% correct classification).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Falatová
- Department of Fire Protection, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, ul.T. G. Masaryka 2117/24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia.
| | - Marta Ferreiro-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, P.O. Box 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Carlos Martín-Alberca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Edificio Polivalente de Química, and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Danica Kačíková
- Department of Fire Protection, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, ul.T. G. Masaryka 2117/24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia.
| | - Štefan Galla
- Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Interior, Rožňavská 11, 831 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, P.O. Box 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Carmelo G Barroso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, P.O. Box 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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Martín-Alberca C, Carrascosa H, San Román I, Bartolomé L, García-Ruiz C. Acid alteration of several ignitable liquids of potential use in arsons. Sci Justice 2018; 58:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sáiz J, Martín-Alberca C, Mai TD, García-Ruiz C. A new CE with contactless conductivity detection method for the determination of complex cationic compositions: Application to the analysis of pen inks. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2896-2902. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sáiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP)-University of Alcalá, Ctra; Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6. Alcalá de Henares 28871 Spain
| | - Carlos Martín-Alberca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP)-University of Alcalá, Ctra; Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6. Alcalá de Henares 28871 Spain
| | - Thanh Duc Mai
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD); Hanoi University of Science; Hanoi Viet Nam
- 3SAnalysis JSC; Thanh Xuan Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP)-University of Alcalá, Ctra; Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6. Alcalá de Henares 28871 Spain
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Martín-Alberca C, Ortega-Ojeda FE, García-Ruiz C. Analytical tools for the analysis of fire debris. A review: 2008–2015. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 928:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Martín-Alberca C, Zapata F, Carrascosa H, Ortega-Ojeda FE, García-Ruiz C. Study of consumer fireworks post-blast residues by ATR-FTIR. Talanta 2016; 149:257-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martín-Alberca C, Ojeda FEO, García-Ruiz C. Study of Spectral Modifications in Acidified Ignitable Liquids by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2016; 70:520-530. [PMID: 26810182 DOI: 10.1177/0003702815626681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the spectral characteristics of two types of acidified gasoline and acidified diesel fuel are discussed. Neat and acidified ignitable liquids (ILs) infrared absorption spectra obtained by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were compared in order to identify the modifications produced by the reaction of the ILs with sulfuric acid. Several bands crucial for gasoline identification were modified, and new bands appeared over the reaction time. In the case of acidified diesel fuel, no significant modifications were observed. Additionally, the neat and acidified ILs spectra were used to perform a principal components analysis in order to confirm objectively the results. The complete discrimination among samples was successfully achieved, including the complete differentiation among gasoline types. Taking into account the results obtained in this work, it is possible to propose spectral fingerprints for the identification of non-burned acidified ILs in forensic investigations related with arson or the use of improvised incendiary devices (IIDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martín-Alberca
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Multipurpose Building of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Fernando Ernesto Ortega Ojeda
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Multipurpose Building of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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Martín-Alberca C, García-Ruiz C, Delémont O. Study of chemical modifications in acidified ignitable liquids analysed by GC–MS. Sci Justice 2015; 55:446-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Martín-Alberca C, García-Ruiz C, Delémont O. Study of acidified ignitable liquid residues in fire debris by solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3218-3227. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martín-Alberca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
| | - Olivier Delémont
- Ecole des Sciences Criminelles; University of Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne-Dorigny Switzerland
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Sáiz J, Duc MT, Koenka IJ, Martín-Alberca C, Hauser PC, García-Ruiz C. Concurrent determination of anions and cations in consumer fireworks with a portable dual-capillary electrophoresis system. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1372C:245-252. [PMID: 25465022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new automated portable dual-channel capillary electrophoresis instrument was built and applied to the concurrent determination of cations and anions. The system uses a single buffer and hydrodynamic injection of the sample is performed autonomously. A novel engraved flow-cell interface is used at the injection ends of the capillaries allowing the autonomous operation of the system. The engraved flow-cell replaces traditionally used split injectors in purpose made capillary electrophoresis systems and makes the system design easier. A new software package with graphical user interface was employed to control the system, making its operation simple and increasing its versatility. The electrophoretic method was optimized to allow the baseline separation of 12 cations and anions commonly found in fireworks. The system was proven to be useful for the analysis of consumer fireworks, saving time and expenses compared to separate analyses for anions and cations. This is the first time that cationic and anionic compositions of fireworks are investigated together. The analysis of samples revealed several inaccuracies between the declared compositions for the fireworks and the obtained results, which could be attributed to cross-contamination during their manufacture or to a transfer between other components of the pyrotechnic item. The presence of certain unexpected peaks, however, had no apparent reason and might represent an irregularity in the manufacture of some devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sáiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mai Thanh Duc
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Israel Joel Koenka
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Martín-Alberca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter C Hauser
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Martín-Alberca C, de la Ossa MÁF, Sáiz J, Ferrando JL, García-Ruiz C. Anions in pre- and post-blast consumer fireworks by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3272-80. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martín-Alberca
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
| | - Ma Ángeles Fernández de la Ossa
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
| | - Jorge Sáiz
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
| | - José Luis Ferrando
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
- Criminalistic Service of Guardia Civil; Madrid Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
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