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Pop OL, Suharoschi R, Socaci SA, Berger Ceresino E, Weber A, Gruber-Traub C, Vodnar DC, Fărcaș AC, Johansson E. Polyphenols—Ensured Accessibility from Food to the Human Metabolism by Chemical and Biotechnological Treatments. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040865. [PMID: 37107240 PMCID: PMC10135483 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are plant-based compounds famous for their positive impact on both human health and the quality of food products. The benefits of polyphenols are related to reducing cardiovascular diseases, cholesterol management, cancers, and neurological disorders in humans and increasing the shelf life, management of oxidation, and anti-microbial activity in food products. The bioavailability and bio-accessibility of polyphenols are of the highest importance to secure their impact on human and food health. This paper summarizes the current state-of-the-art approaches on how polyphenols can be made more accessible in food products to contribute to human health. For example, by using food processing methods including various technologies, such as chemical and biotechnological treatments. Food matrix design and simulation procedures, in combination with encapsulation of fractionated polyphenols utilizing enzymatic and fermentation methodology, may be the future technologies to tailor specific food products with the ability to ensure polyphenol release and availability in the most suitable parts of the human body (bowl, intestine, etc.). The development of such new procedures for utilizing polyphenols, combining novel methodologies with traditional food processing technologies, has the potential to contribute enormous benefits to the food industry and health sector, not only reducing food waste and food-borne illnesses but also to sustain human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ramona Suharoschi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elaine Berger Ceresino
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Achim Weber
- Innovation Field Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carmen Gruber-Traub
- Innovation Field Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Corina Fărcaș
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
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Tschiche HR, Bierkandt FS, Creutzenberg O, Fessard V, Franz R, Greiner R, Gruber-Traub C, Haas KH, Haase A, Hartwig A, Hesse B, Hund-Rinke K, Iden P, Kromer C, Loeschner K, Mutz D, Rakow A, Rasmussen K, Rauscher H, Richter H, Schoon J, Schmid O, Som C, Spindler LM, Tovar GEM, Westerhoff P, Wohlleben W, Luch A, Laux P. Analytical and toxicological aspects of nanomaterials in different product groups: Challenges and opportunities. NanoImpact 2022; 28:100416. [PMID: 35995388 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread integration of engineered nanomaterials into consumer and industrial products creates new challenges and requires innovative approaches in terms of design, testing, reliability, and safety of nanotechnology. The aim of this review article is to give an overview of different product groups in which nanomaterials are present and outline their safety aspects for consumers. Here, release of nanomaterials and related analytical challenges and solutions as well as toxicological considerations, such as dose-metrics, are discussed. Additionally, the utilization of engineered nanomaterials as pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals to deliver and release cargo molecules is covered. Furthermore, critical pathways for human exposure to nanomaterials, namely inhalation and ingestion, are discussed in the context of risk assessment. Analysis of NMs in food, innovative medicine or food contact materials is discussed. Specific focus is on the presence and release of nanomaterials, including whether nanomaterials can migrate from polymer nanocomposites used in food contact materials. With regard to the toxicology and toxicokinetics of nanomaterials, aspects of dose metrics of inhalation toxicity as well as ingestion toxicology and comparison between in vitro and in vivo conclusions are considered. The definition of dose descriptors to be applied in toxicological testing is emphasized. In relation to potential exposure from different products, opportunities arising from the use of advanced analytical techniques in more unique scenarios such as release of nanomaterials from medical devices such as orthopedic implants are addressed. Alongside higher product performance and complexity, further challenges regarding material characterization and safety, as well as acceptance by the general public are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald R Tschiche
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank S Bierkandt
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Valerie Fessard
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Roland Franz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), Freising, Germany
| | - Ralf Greiner
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carmen Gruber-Traub
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Haas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte Kromer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Diana Mutz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Research Strategy and Coordination, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anastasia Rakow
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany; Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Hubert Rauscher
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Hannes Richter
- Fraunhofer IKTS - Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Hermsdorf, Germany
| | - Janosch Schoon
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany; Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Som
- Technology and Society Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lena M Spindler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany; University of Stuttgart, Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology (IGVP), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Günter E M Tovar
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany; University of Stuttgart, Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology (IGVP), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | | | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
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Spindler LM, Feuerhake A, Ladel S, Günday C, Flamm J, Günday-Türeli N, Türeli E, Tovar GEM, Schindowski K, Gruber-Traub C. Nano-in-Micro-Particles Consisting of PLGA Nanoparticles Embedded in Chitosan Microparticles via Spray-Drying Enhances Their Uptake in the Olfactory Mucosa. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732954. [PMID: 34539414 PMCID: PMC8440808 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal delivery has gained prominence since 1990, when the olfactory mucosa was recognized as the window to the brain and the central nervous system (CNS); this has enabled the direct site specific targeting of neurological diseases for the first time. Intranasal delivery is a promising route because general limitations, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are circumvented. In the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) or Alzheimer’s disease, for example, future treatment prospects include specialized particles as delivery vehicles. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles are well known as promising delivery systems, especially in the area of nose-to-brain (N2B) delivery. Chitosan is also broadly known as a functional additive due to its ability to open tight junctions. In this study, we produced PLGA nanoparticles of different sizes and revealed for the first time their size-time-dependent uptake mechanism into the lamina propria of porcine olfactory mucosa. The intracellular uptake was observed for 80 and 175 nm within only 5 min after application to the epithelium. After 15 min, even 520 nm particles were detected, associated with nuclei. Especially the presence of only 520 nm particles in neuronal fibers is remarkable, implying transcellular and intracellular transport via the olfactory or the trigeminal nerve to the brain and the CNS. Additionally, we developed successfully specialized Nano-in-Micro particles (NiMPs) for the first time via spray drying, consisting of PLGA nanoparticles embedded into chitosan microparticles, characterized by high encapsulation efficiencies up to 51%, reproducible and uniform size distribution, as well as smooth surface. Application of NiMPs accelerated the uptake compared to purely applied PLGA nanoparticles. NiMPs were spread over the whole transverse section of the olfactory mucosa within 15 min. Faster uptake is attributed to additional paracellular transport, which was examined via tight-junction-opening. Furthermore, a separate chitosan penetration gradient of ∼150 µm caused by dissociation from PLGA nanoparticles was observed within 15 min in the lamina propria, which was demonstrated to be proportional to an immunoreactivity gradient of CD14. Due to the beneficial properties of the utilized chitosan-derivative, regarding molecular weight (150–300 kDa), degree of deacetylation (80%), and particle size (0.1–10 µm) we concluded that M2-macrophages herein initiated an anti-inflammatory reaction, which seems to already take place within 15 min following chitosan particle application. In conclusion, we demonstrated the possibility for PLGA nanoparticles, as well as for chitosan NiMPs, to take all three prominent intranasal delivery pathways to the brain and the CNS; namely transcellular, intracellular via neuronal cells, and paracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Marie Spindler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Field Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Feuerhake
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Field Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simone Ladel
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Science, Biberach, Germany.,Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Flamm
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Science, Biberach, Germany.,Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Günter E M Tovar
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Field Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Science, Biberach, Germany
| | - Carmen Gruber-Traub
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Field Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Stuttgart, Germany
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