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Gascó C, Rodríguez-Santiago L, Sodupe M, Sebastián RM, Guirado G. Electroinduced crosslinking of triphenylamine-based polybenzoxazines. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Suárez-Navarro JA, Expósito-Suárez VM, Crespo MT, Sánchez-Castaño B, Suárez-Navarro MJ, Gascó C, Barragán M, Gascón JL, Pecker R, Sánchez-Pérez L, González-Cano L, Rosario A. Improvements in the radiochemical method for separating 226Ra in solid samples through coprecipitation with BaSO 4. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 187:110321. [PMID: 35732096 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to improve the commonly used method for 226Ra determination in water and to establish its application in solid samples. This method is based on the coprecipitation of Ra with BaSO4 and gross alpha counting of the precipitate. An exhaustive study of the coprecipitation behaviour of the most abundant cations present in solid samples was performed to avoid incorrect radiochemical yields. As a result, it was considered necessary to introduce two new purification steps into the conventional method. Likewise, two nuclides, 241Am and 226Ra, were compared to obtain the mass efficiency curve given their different behaviour in the coprecipitation process. While Ra behaves similarly to Ba, Am coprecipitates, forming mixed crystals that may behave differently in the self-absorption process. The influence of the cations on the chemical yield with no precipitate purification was: Sr2+≫Fe3+>Mg2+≈Ca2+>K+≈Na+. The method was successfully applied to soil, sediment, and plant ash samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M T Crespo
- CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M J Suárez-Navarro
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), E.T.S.I. Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Profesor Aranguren s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Gascó
- CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Barragán
- CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Gascón
- CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Pecker
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - A Rosario
- IES Virgen de la Paloma, 28039, Madrid, Spain
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Alonso MM, Suárez-Navarro JA, Pérez-Sanz R, Gascó C, Moreno de Los Reyes AM, Lanzón M, Blanco-Varela MT, Puertas F. Data on natural radionuclide's activity concentration of cement-based materials. Data Brief 2020; 33:106488. [PMID: 33241096 PMCID: PMC7672271 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cement based materials may contain varying levels of radionuclides, mainly 226Ra (from the 238U series), 232Th and 40K, which are used to determine the Activity Concentration Index ("ACI"). According to the European directive Euratom 2013/59 in these materials, the “ACI” must be < 1 to be suitable for their use in construction. In this paper, data on the activity concentration of natural radionuclides in cement-based materials (i.e. cements, additions, pigments and aggregates) as well as their chemical composition are presented. Radioactivity measurements have been determined by using gamma spectroscopy the chemical compositions have been determined by X-Ray Fluorescence. Data for cements measured shown that white cements present a lower concentration of activity than conventional CEM I. In addition, the CAC (Calcium aluminate cements) present high activity concentration in the 232Th series. Regarding additions, FA (Fly Ash) are those that present the highest concentration of activity in the 238U and 232Th series, while olive biomass ashes are those supplementary cementitious materials that show the highest concentration of activity for 40K. Some pigments used in mortar and concrete technology were also characterized. Granitic and volcanic rocks, potentially used as aggregates present much higher activity concentration than the siliceous aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Alonso
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences, (IETcc-CSIC), Madrid-Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - M Lanzón
- Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de la Edificación, ETSAE, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Cartagena, Spain
| | - M T Blanco-Varela
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences, (IETcc-CSIC), Madrid-Spain
| | - F Puertas
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences, (IETcc-CSIC), Madrid-Spain
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4
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Braysher E, Russell B, Collins SM, van Es EM, Shearman R, Molin FD, Read D, Anagnostakis M, Arndt R, Bednár A, Bituh T, Bolivar JP, Cobb J, Dehbi N, Di Pasquale S, Gascó C, Gilligan C, Jovanovič P, Lawton A, Lees AMJ, Lencsés A, Mitchell L, Mitsios I, Petrinec B, Rawcliffe J, Shyti M, Suárez-Navarro JA, Suursoo S, Tóth-Bodrogi E, Vaasma T, Verheyen L, Westmoreland J, de With G. Development of a reference material for analysing naturally occurring radioactive material from the steel industry. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1141:221-229. [PMID: 33248656 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of naturally occurring radionuclides in blast furnace slag, a by-product of the steel industry, is required for compliance with building regulations where it is often used as an ingredient in cement. A matrix reference blast furnace slag material has been developed to support traceability in these measurements. Raw material provided by a commercial producer underwent stability and homogeneity testing, as well as characterisation of matrix constituents, to provide a final candidate reference material. The radionuclide content was then determined during a comparison exercise that included 23 laboratories from 14 countries. Participants determined the activity per unit mass for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K using a range of techniques. The consensus values obtained from the power-moderated mean of the reported participant results were used as indicative activity per unit mass values for the three radionuclides: A0(226Ra) = 106.3 (34) Bq·kg-1, A0(232Th) = 130.0 (48) Bq·kg-1 and A0(40K) = 161 (11) Bq·kg-1 (where the number in parentheses is the numerical value of the combined standard uncertainty referred to the corresponding last digits of the quoted result). This exercise helps to address the current shortage of NORM industry reference materials, putting in place infrastructure for production of further reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Braysher
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - B Russell
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - E M van Es
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - R Shearman
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - F Dal Molin
- CEFAS, Lowestoft, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - D Read
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - M Anagnostakis
- Nuclear Engineering Department, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - R Arndt
- IAF-Radioökologie GmbH, Wilhelm-Rönsch-Straße 9, 01454, Radeberg, Germany
| | - A Bednár
- RadiÖko Ltd., H-8200, Veszprém, Wartha Vince Str. 1/2, Hungary
| | - T Bituh
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J P Bolivar
- University of Huelva, Department of Integrated Sciences, Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), Campus El Carmen, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - J Cobb
- Jacobs, Renaissance Centre, 601 Faraday Street, Birchwood Park, Warrington, WA3 6GN, UK
| | - N Dehbi
- ASTERALIS (VEOLIA NUCLEAR SOLUTIONS), 556 Chemin de L'Islon, 38670, Chasse sur Rhone, France
| | - S Di Pasquale
- Institute for Radioelements (IRE) - Radioactivity Measurement Laboratory, Avenue de L'Espérance,1, 6220, Fleurus, Belgium
| | - C Gascó
- CIEMAT, Avda de La Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - P Jovanovič
- ZVD D.o.o., Chengdujska Street 25, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Lawton
- UK National Nuclear Laboratory, NNL Preston, Springfields, Salwick, Lancashire, PR4 0XJ, UK
| | - A M J Lees
- Cavendish Nuclear Ltd, Greeson Court, Westlakes Science & Technology Park, Moor Row, Cumbria, CA24 3HZ, UK
| | - A Lencsés
- Nuclear Power Plant Paks, Environmental Monitoring Laboratory, 7030, Paks, Kurcsatov Str. 1/D, Hungary
| | - L Mitchell
- Public Health England, Centre Chemical Radiation and Environmental Hazards, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - I Mitsios
- Nuclear Engineering Department, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - B Petrinec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Rawcliffe
- UK National Nuclear Laboratory, NNL Preston, Springfields, Salwick, Lancashire, PR4 0XJ, UK
| | - M Shyti
- Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Tirana, Th. Filipeu, Qesarake, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - S Suursoo
- University of Tartu, Institute of Physics, W.Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - E Tóth-Bodrogi
- Department of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, Bio- Environmental- and Chemical-engineering Research and Development Center, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8200 Veszprém, Egyetem Str. 10., H-8210, Veszprém, POB 1158, Hungary
| | - T Vaasma
- University of Tartu, Institute of Physics, W.Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - L Verheyen
- SCK CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - G de With
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group, Utrechtseweg 310 - B50-West, 6812, AR ARNHEM, Netherlands
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Suárez-Navarro J, Moreno-Reyes A, Gascó C, Alonso M, Puertas F. Gamma spectrometry and LabSOCS-calculated efficiency in the radiological characterisation of quadrangular and cubic specimens of hardened portland cement paste. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gascó C, Suárez-Navarro JA, Escareño-Juárez E, Fernández E, García L, Puertas F, Alonso MM, Pérez C. Characteristic limits of 230Th in alpha spectrometry with 229Th as tracer, calculated by simulating interfering tails and overlapping peaks. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 160:109097. [PMID: 32351213 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the effect of 229Th tracer tail interference on the determination of the sensitivity of 230Th alpha spectrometry of samples with environmental levels of radioactivity. Tracer peak tail interference was calculated with Suma-Alpha, whilst Visual Basic for Applications (VBA in Excel©) software was used to study the variation in sensitivity in terms of the amount of tracer added. Unnecessary increases in the amount of tracer or extended sample measuring times were observed to have adverse effects on method sensitivity (Detection Limit- Ld).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gascó
- Unidad de Radiactividad Ambiental y Vigilancia Radiológica, CIEMAT, Avenida de la Complutense 40, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - J A Suárez-Navarro
- Unidad de Radiactividad Ambiental y Vigilancia Radiológica, CIEMAT, Avenida de la Complutense 40, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - E Escareño-Juárez
- Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Unidad Académica de Estudios Nucleares, Mexico
| | - E Fernández
- Unidad de Radiactividad Ambiental y Vigilancia Radiológica, CIEMAT, Avenida de la Complutense 40, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - L García
- Unidad de Radiactividad Ambiental y Vigilancia Radiológica, CIEMAT, Avenida de la Complutense 40, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - F Puertas
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences (IETcc-CSIC), Spain
| | - M M Alonso
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences (IETcc-CSIC), Spain
| | - C Pérez
- TECNASA, Calle Primera (Chamartín), 27 BAJO, Madrid, Spain
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Li H, Gascó C, Delalande A, Charnay C, Raehm L, Midoux P, Pichon C, Pleixats R, Durand JO. Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles with BOC Group, towards HIFU Responsive Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:E974. [PMID: 32098283 PMCID: PMC7070328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles (PMONPs) are nanoparticles of high interest for nanomedicine applications. These nanoparticles are not composed of silica (SiO2). They belong to hybrid organic-inorganic systems. We considered using these nanoparticles for CO2 release as a contrast agent for High Intensity Focused Ultrasounds (HIFU). Three molecules (P1-P3) possessing two to four triethoxysilyl groups were synthesized through click chemistry. These molecules possess a tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) group whose cleavage in water at 90-100 °C releases CO2. Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene E was mixed with the molecules Pn (or not for P3) at a proportion of 90/10 to 75/25, and the polymerization triggered by the sol-gel procedure led to PMONPs. PMONPs were characterized by different techniques, and nanorods of 200-300 nm were obtained. These nanorods were porous at a proportion of 90/10, but non-porous at 75/25. Alternatively, molecules P3 alone led to mesoporous nanoparticles of 100 nm diameter. The BOC group was stable, but it was cleaved at pH 1 in boiling water. Molecules possessing a BOC group were successfully used for the preparation of nanoparticles for CO2 release. The BOC group was stable and we did not observe release of CO2 under HIFU at lysosomal pH of 5.5. The pH needed to be adjusted to 1 in boiling water to cleave the BOC group. Nevertheless, the concept is interesting for HIFU theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, case 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, CEDEX 05, 34095 Montpellier, France; (H.L.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB Campus, C/dels Til.lers, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain;
| | - Carolina Gascó
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB Campus, C/dels Til.lers, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain;
| | - Anthony Delalande
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, (CBM, UPR 4301), Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France; (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Clarence Charnay
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, case 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, CEDEX 05, 34095 Montpellier, France; (H.L.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Laurence Raehm
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, case 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, CEDEX 05, 34095 Montpellier, France; (H.L.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, (CBM, UPR 4301), Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France; (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, (CBM, UPR 4301), Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France; (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Roser Pleixats
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB Campus, C/dels Til.lers, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain;
| | - Jean-Olivier Durand
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, case 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, CEDEX 05, 34095 Montpellier, France; (H.L.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
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Faggi E, Gascó C, Aguilera J, Guirado G, Ortego S, Sáez R, Pujol F, Marquet J, Hernando J, Sebastián RM. Polymethylferrocene-Induced Photopolymerization of Cyanoacrylates Using Visible and Near-Infrared Light. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Faggi
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Carolina Gascó
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Aguilera
- CUANTUM Medical Cosmetics S.L. Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Sara Ortego
- CUANTUM Medical Cosmetics S.L. Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Rubén Sáez
- CUANTUM Medical Cosmetics S.L. Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Ferran Pujol
- CUANTUM Medical Cosmetics S.L. Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Marquet
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sebastián
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
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Suárez-Navarro JA, Gascó C, Alonso MM, Blanco-Varela MT, Lanzon M, Puertas F. Use of Genie 2000 and Excel VBA to correct for γ-ray interference in the determination of NORM building material activity concentrations. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 142:1-7. [PMID: 30245436 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The γ-radiation emitted by building materials is calculated from the activity indices for 232Th, 226Ra and 40K and expressed as the activity concentration index (ACI). Gamma spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique frequently used to simultaneously determine the indices for several radionuclides. Spectral interpretation poses a number of challenges, including identification of γ-lines subject to summing-in effects, interference from other γ-ray emitting radionuclides and the time required to reach secular equilibrium. These challenges are not fully addressed by Canberra Industries' Genie 2000, the software used by many laboratories to analyse samples. This article describes a Microsoft Excel workbook that exploits Genie 2000 flexibility to program applications with Visual Basic using Canberra's Nuclear Data Access Library and batch procedure tools. The workbook determines 40K activity concentration after correcting for 228Ac interference and 226Ra activity directly from the γ-peak at 186.5 keV. The method proposed was tested by participating in 13 national and international scale inter-comparison exercises. The results were statistically indistinguishable from the reference values at a coverage factor of k = 3 and no statistically significant differences were identified between the respective means by a Student's t pairwise comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Suárez-Navarro
- Unit of Environmental Radioactivity and Radiological Surveillance, CIEMAT, Avda Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Gascó
- Unit of Environmental Radioactivity and Radiological Surveillance, CIEMAT, Avda Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M M Alonso
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences, IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M T Blanco-Varela
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences, IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Lanzon
- Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de la Edificación, ARQ&IDE, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 50, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - F Puertas
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences, IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Pham M, van Beek P, Carvalho F, Chamizo E, Degering D, Engeler C, Gascó C, Gurriaran R, Hanley O, Harms A, Herrmann J, Hult M, Ikeuchi Y, Ilchmann C, Kanisch G, Kis-Benedek G, Kloster M, Laubenstein M, Llaurado M, Mas J, Nakano M, Nielsen S, Osvath I, Povinec P, Rieth U, Schikowski J, Smedley P, Suplinska M, Sýkora I, Tarjan S, Varga B, Vasileva E, Zalewska T, Zhou W. Certified reference materials for radionuclides in Bikini Atoll sediment (IAEA-410) and Pacific Ocean sediment (IAEA-412). Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 109:101-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Pham M, Benmansour M, Carvalho F, Chamizo E, Degering D, Engeler C, Gascó C, Gwynn J, Harms A, Hrnecek E, Ibanez F, Ilchmann C, Ikaheimonen T, Kanisch G, Kloster M, Llaurado M, Mauring A, MØller B, Morimoto T, Nielsen S, Nies H, Norrlid L, Pettersson H, Povinec P, Rieth U, Samuelsson C, Schikowski J, Šilobritiene B, Smedley P, Suplinska M, Vartti VP, Vasileva E, Wong J, Zalewska T, Zhou W. Certified Reference Material IAEA-446 for radionuclides in Baltic Sea seaweed. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 87:468-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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López FA, Tayibi H, Gascó C, Navarro N, López-Delgado A, Álvarez A, Yagüe L, Alguacil FJ. Valorización de fosfoyeso como material de construcción: Aspectos radiológicos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3989/mc.2010.58910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pham M, Sanchez-Cabeza J, Povinec P, Andor K, Arnold D, Benmansour M, Bikit I, Carvalho F, Dimitrova K, Edrev Z, Engeler C, Fouche F, Garcia-Orellana J, Gascó C, Gastaud J, Gudelis A, Hancock G, Holm E, Legarda F, Ikäheimonen T, Ilchmann C, Jenkinson A, Kanisch G, Kis-Benedek G, Kleinschmidt R, Koukouliou V, Kuhar B, LaRosa J, Lee SH, LePetit G, Levy-Palomo I, Liong Wee Kwong L, Llauradó M, Maringer F, Meyer M, Michalik B, Michel H, Nies H, Nour S, Oh JS, Oregioni B, Palomares J, Pantelic G, Pfitzner J, Pilvio R, Puskeiler L, Satake H, Schikowski J, Vitorovic G, Woodhead D, Wyse E. A new Certified Reference Material for radionuclides in Irish sea sediment (IAEA-385). Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:1711-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lansard B, Charmasson S, Gascó C, Antón MP, Grenz C, Arnaud M. Spatial and temporal variations of plutonium isotopes (238Pu and 239,240Pu) in sediments off the Rhone River mouth (NW Mediterranean). Sci Total Environ 2007; 376:215-27. [PMID: 17335871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The dispersion and fate of the Rhone River inputs to the Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea) have been studied through the spatial and temporal distributions of plutonium isotopes in continental shelf sediments. Plutonium isotopes ((238)Pu and (239,240)Pu) are appropriate tracers to follow the dispersion of particulate matter due both to their high affinity for particles and their long half-lives. In the Rhone River valley, plutonium isotopes originate from both the weathering of the catchment basin contaminated by global atmospheric fallout, and the liquid effluents released from the Marcoule reprocessing plant since 1961. This work presents a first detailed study on (238)Pu and (239,240)Pu distributions in sediments from the Rhone prodelta to the adjacent continental shelf, since the decommissioning of Marcoule in 1997. The vertical distribution of Pu isotopes has been analysed in a 4.75 m long core sampled in 2001 at the Rhone mouth. Despite this length, plutonium is found at the last 10 cm, manifesting the high sedimentation rate of the prodeltaic area and its ability for trapping fine-grained sediments and associated contaminants. The highest (238)Pu and (239,240)Pu concentrations reached 1.26 and 5.97 Bq kg(-1) respectively and were found within the layer 280-290 cm. The (238)Pu/(239,240)Pu activity ratios (AR) demonstrated an efficient and huge trapping of the Pu isotopes derived from Marcoule. The fresh sediments, located on the top of the core, show lower plutonium activity concentrations and lower (238)Pu/(239,240)Pu ratios. This decrease is in close relation with the shut down of the Marcoule reprocessing plant in 1997. In 2001, plutonium isotopes were also analysed in 21 surface sediments located offshore and concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 0.17 Bq kg(-1) for (238)Pu and from 0.33 to 1.72 Bq kg(-1) for (239,240)Pu. The (238)Pu/(239,240)Pu AR ranged from 0.24 close to the river mouth to 0.06 southwards, indicating the decreasing influence of the Marcoule releases (global fallout AR 0.03-0.05 and Marcoule AR 0.30). This is in good agreement with the main direction spread of the Rhone River plume and the bottom current. This dataset has been compared to those obtained in the same area in 1984 and 1990 in order to follow the time trend in Pu concentrations. This comparison highlights the decrease with time in plutonium concentrations close to the Rhone River mouth, but further away this reduction is not so evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lansard
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie et de Biogéochimie, UMR 6535, CNRS/Université de la Méditerranée, Station Marine d'Endoume, rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007, Marseille, France.
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Outola I, Filliben J, Inn KGW, La Rosa J, McMahon CA, Peck GA, Twining J, Tims SG, Fifield LK, Smedley P, Antón MP, Gascó C, Povinec P, Pham MK, Raaum A, Wei HJ, Krijger GC, Bouisset P, Litherland AE, Kieser WE, Betti M, Aldave de las Heras L, Hong GH, Holm E, Skipperud L, Harms AV, Arinc A, Youngman M, Arnold D, Wershofen H, Sill DS, Bohrer S, Dahlgaard H, Croudace IW, Warwick PE, Ikäheimonen TK, Klemola S, Vakulovsky SM, Sanchez-Cabeza JA. Characterization of the NIST seaweed Standard Reference Material. Appl Radiat Isot 2006; 64:1242-7. [PMID: 16549359 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) for seaweed was developed through an interlaboratory comparison with 24 participants from 16 countries. After evaluating different techniques to calculate certified values for the radionuclides, the median method was found to be the most representative technique. The certified values were provided for 13 radionuclides and information values were given for 15 more radionuclides. Results for the natural decay series showed disequilibrium in both the uranium and thorium series.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Outola
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Gascó C, Antón MP, Pozuelo M, Clemente L, Rodríguez A, Yañez C, González A, Meral J. Distribution and inventories of fallout radionuclides (239+240Pu, 137Cs) and 210Pb to study the filling velocity of salt marshes in Doñana National Park (Spain). J Environ Radioact 2006; 89:159-71. [PMID: 16806611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Within an extensive multinational and multidisciplinary project carried out in Doñana National Park (Spain) to investigate its preservation and regeneration, the filling velocity of the salt marshes has been evaluated through the calculation of their average sediment accumulation rates. (239+240)Pu and (137)Cs from weapons testing fallout and total (210)Pb distribution profiles and inventories have been determined in some of the most characteristic zones of the park, namely, the ponds (or "lucios") and the waterjets (or "caños"). Plutonium inventories range from 16 to 101 Bq m(-2), (137)Cs values fluctuate between 514 and 3,758 Bq m(-2) and unsupported (210)Pb values comprise between 124 and 9398 Bq m(-2). Average sedimentation rates range from 3 to 5 mm y(-1) (1952-2002). These data are higher than those obtained by carbon dating for the period 6,500 AD-present, estimated as 1.5-2 mm y(-1), suggesting an increase in the accumulation of sediments and the alteration of the park's hydrodynamics caused by the re-channeling of the major rivers feeding the salt marshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gascó
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Avda. Complutense 22, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Gascó C, Antón MP, Delfanti R, González AM, Meral J, Papucci C. Variation of the activity concentrations and fluxes of natural (210Po, 210Pb) and anthropogenic (239,240Pu, 137Cs) radionuclides in the Strait of Gibraltar (Spain). J Environ Radioact 2002; 62:241-262. [PMID: 12164630 DOI: 10.1016/s0265-931x(01)00167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations and fluxes of natural (210Pb, 210Po) and anthropogenic (239,240Pu, 137Cs) radionuclides have been determined in the different water masses crossing the Strait of Gibraltar. New data have been gathered during four multidisciplinary and multinational sampling campaigns, performed between 1997 and 1999 within the framework of the CANIGO-FLUGIST Project. Mean activity concentrations of 210Po (1.53+/-0.34 Bq m(-3), n = 30) and 210Pb (1.16+/-0.50 Bq m(-3), n = 31) in the Atlantic water entering the Mediterranean basin are about double those measured in the Mediterranean outflow, namely 0.84+/-0.34 Bq m(-3) (n = 22) for 210Po and 0.66+/-0.34 Bq m(-3) (n = 22) for 210Pb. The opposite trend is observed for 231,240Pu, with average concentrations of 9.9+/-3.0 mBq m(-3) (n = 29) in the incoming Atlantic flow and 22.0+/-3.0 mBq m(-3) (n = 22) in the outpouring Mediterranean water. In the case of 137Cs, the same concentrations were quantified in the waters moving inwards (2.52+/-0.28 Bq m(-3), n = 27) and outwards (2.14+/-0.52 Bq m(-3), n = 21) from the Mediterranean Sea. On this basis, the Mediterranean basin experiences a net annual input flux of 14 TBq of 210Pb and 19 TBq of 210Po, and a net annual loss of 0.34 TBq of 239,240Pu, while--at present--137Cs input and output fluxes appear to be balanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gascó
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.
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Gascó C, Antón MP, Pozuelo M, Meral J, González AM, Papucci C, Delfanti R. Distributions of Pu, Am and Cs in margin sediments from the western Mediterranean (Spanish coast). J Environ Radioact 2002; 59:75-89. [PMID: 11848153 DOI: 10.1016/s0265-931x(01)00037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Continental margins are important areas to be considered when studying the distributions and depositions of pollutants, both conventional and radioactive. Coastal sediments accumulate most of those contaminants which can be introduced following atmospheric and/or fluvial pathways. Moreover, their residence times within the water column are usually shortened due to their affinity to associate with the downward falling particulate matter, more abundant at shallower depths. In this paper the distribution profiles and inventories of plutonium, americium and cesium are detailed, providing useful information about recent sedimentation phenomena such as sediment mixing, slumping processes and bioturbation. Unsupported 210Pb data are used as reliable indicators of enhanced/reduced deposition events. Also, the calculated inventories have enabled the estimation of the radiological contribution of the Spanish Mediterranean margin to the total radioactivity deposited onto the Mediterranean sea floor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gascó
- Departamento de Impacto Ambiental de la Energia, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
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Mitchell PI, León Vintró L, Dahlgaard H, Gascó C, Sánchez-Cabeza JA. Perturbation in the 240Pu/239Pu global fallout ratio in local sediments following the nuclear accidents at Thule (Greenland) and Palomares (Spain). Sci Total Environ 1997; 202:147-153. [PMID: 9241884 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(97)00111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the main source of the plutonium found in marine sediments throughout the Northern Hemisphere is global stratospheric fallout, characterized by a typical 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio of approximately 0.18. Measurement of perturbations in this ratio at various sites which had been subjected to close-in fallout, mainly from surface-based testing (e.g. Bikini Atoll, Nevada test site, Mururoa Atoll), has confirmed the feasibility of using this ratio to distinguish plutonium from different fallout sources. In the present study, the 240Pu/239Pu ratio has been examined in samples of sediment (and soil) collected at Thule (Greenland) and Palomares (Spain), where accidents involving the release and dispersion of plutonium from fractured nuclear weapons occurred in 1968 and 1966, respectively. The 240Pu/239Pu ratio was measured by high-resolution alpha spectrometry and spectral deconvolution, and confirmed in the case of the most active samples by high-resolution X-ray spectrometry. Only samples which displayed plutonium heterogeneities, i.e. hot particles or concentrations well in excess (at least two orders of magnitude) of those expected from global fallout, were selected for analysis. The analytical results showed that at Thule the mean 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio was 0.033 +/- 0.004 (n = 4), while at Palomares the equivalent ratio appeared to be significantly higher at 0.056 +/- 0.003 (n = 4). Both ratios are indicative of low burn-up plutonium and are consistent with those reported for weapons-grade plutonium. It is noteworthy that the mean 238Pu/239Pu activity ratio in the Thule samples, at 0.0150 +/- 0.0017 (n = 4), was also lower than that measured in the Palomares samples, namely, 0.0275 +/- 0.0012 (n = 4). The 241Pu/239Pu ratios were similarly different. Finally, the data show, in contrast to Palomares, that not all of the samples from the Thule accident site were contaminated with plutonium of identical isotopic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Physics, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Gascó C, Antón MP, Espinosa A, Aragón A, Alvárez A, Navarro N, García-Toraño E. Procedures to define Pu isotopic ratios characterizing a contaminated area in Palomares (Spain). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02034251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Alcaraz M, Canuto C, Gascó C, Monferrer S, Izquierdo B, Tortosa Y. [The evaluation of women's health promotion services: the internal client, the external client]. Aten Primaria 1997; 19:337-42. [PMID: 9254136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To find the opinion of internal and external customers of the Women's Health Promotion Services; to obtain information about the perceptions and suggestions of both midwives and users of the service. DESIGN An observational study of the qualitative evaluation of a service provided in Primary Health Care, through an open questionnaire to midwives and focus groups with users. SETTING Health Area 4 in the Community of Valencia. PARTICIPANTS 15 midwives from Health Area 4, 3 groups of women using the Pregnancy Follow-up Programme and 3 groups from the Programme of Integrated Care for climacteric women, coming from two Health Districts, one urban and one rural. MAIN RESULTS For midwives, coordination with general practitioners was better in the urban setting, and with Family Planning Centres in the rural one. Absence of team work with gynaecologists, and gynaecologists' failure to value midwives' work, were identified as problems. CONCLUSIONS Different patterns for the organisation and use of women's health promotion services were identified between the urban and rural setting. The problems of coordination identified by the midwives are not perceived as such by the service's users, who evaluated as satisfactory the Primary Care services received.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alcaraz
- Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria, Areas 03 y 04, Valencia
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Martínez-Aguirre A, García-León M, Gascó C, Travesi A. Anthropogenic emissions of210Po,210Pb and226Ra in an estuarine environment. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02071241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Antón
- Departemente de Geoquimica e Impacto Ambiental. CIEMAT. Avda. Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Gascó
- Departemente de Geoquimica e Impacto Ambiental. CIEMAT. Avda. Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. A. Sanchez-Cabeza
- Departemente de Fisica. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ll. Pujol
- Departemente de Fisica. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Antón
- Departemente de Geoquimica e Impacto Ambiental. CIEMAT. Avda. Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Gascó
- Departemente de Geoquimica e Impacto Ambiental. CIEMAT. Avda. Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. A. Sanchez-Cabeza
- Departemente de Fisica. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ll. Pujol
- Departemente de Fisica. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Gascó C, Romero L, Mingarro E, Lobo AM. Geochemical aspects and distribution of long-lived radionuclides in marine sediments from Palomares. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Guadalix JI, Marcote C, Rodríguez E, Yebes J, Gascó C. [Tracheo-carotid fistula in an immunosuppressed child during prolonged naso-tracheal intubation]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 1987; 34:217-8. [PMID: 3497414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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