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Souza Silva VR, Mota CM, Maia LP, Ferreira FB, Miranda VDS, Silva NM, Ferro EAV, Mineo JR, Mineo TWP. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor favors Neospora caninum infection in mice. Microb Pathog 2024; 189:106577. [PMID: 38367848 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite with worldwide incidence, acting as a major cause of reproductive failures in ruminants and neuromuscular symptoms in dogs. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is produced by several cell types and exhibits a central role in immune responses against intracellular pathogens. The present study aimed to comprehend the role of MIF in the relationship between N. caninum and its host. We used in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experiments in a model of infection based on genetically deficient mice to analyze the infection kinetics and inflammatory markers. MIF production was measured in response to N. caninum during the acute and chronic phases of the infection. While Mif-/- mice survived lethal doses of NcLiv tachyzoites, sublethal infections in these mice showed that parasite burden was controlled in target tissues, alongside with reduced inflammatory infiltrates detected in lung and brain sections. TNF was increased at the initial site of the infection in genetically deficient mice and the MIF-dependent reduction was confirmed in vitro with macrophages and ex vivo with primed spleen cells. In sum, MIF negatively regulated host immunity against N. caninum, favoring disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eloísa A Vieira Ferro
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Av. Amazonas, Campus Umuarama., 38405-320, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ferreira França FB, Silva MV, Silva MF, Ramos ELP, Miranda VDS, Mota CM, Santiago FM, Mineo JR, Mineo TWP. TNF-TNFR1 Signaling Enhances the Protection Against Neospora caninum Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:789398. [PMID: 35071042 PMCID: PMC8776637 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.789398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a protozoan associated with abortions in ruminants and neuromuscular disease in dogs. Classically, the immune response against apicomplexan parasites is characterized by the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF. TNF is mainly produced during the acute phases of the infections and binds to TNF receptor 1 (CD120a, p55, TNFR1) activating a variety of cells, hence playing an important role in the induction of the inflammatory process against diverse pathogens. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of TNF in cellular and humoral immune responses during N. caninum infection. For this purpose, we used a mouse model of infection based on wildtype (WT) and genetically deficient C57BL/6 mice in TNFR1 (Tnfr1 -/-). We observed that Tnfr1 -/- mice presented higher mortality associated with inflammatory lesions and increased parasite burden in the brain after the infection with N. caninum tachyzoites. Moreover, Tnfr1 -/- mice showed a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) levels in vivo. We also observed that Tnfr1 -/- mice showed enhanced serum concentration of antigen-specific IgG2 subclass, while IgG1 production was significantly reduced compared to WT mice, suggesting that TNFR1 is required for regular IgG subclass production and antigen recognition. Based on our results, we conclude that the TNF-TNFR1 complex is crucial for mediating host resistance during the infection by N. caninum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Batista Ferreira França
- Laboratory of Imunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Murilo Vieira Silva
- Laboratory of Imunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ferreira Silva
- Laboratory of Imunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Eliézer Lucas Pires Ramos
- Laboratory of Imunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Dos Santos Miranda
- Laboratory of Imunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Caroline Martins Mota
- Laboratory of Imunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Santiago
- Laboratory of Imunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratory of Imunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratory of Imunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Miranda NC, Araujo ECB, Justino AB, Cariaco Y, Mota CM, Costa-Nascimento LA, Espindola FS, Silva NM. Anti-parasitic activity of Annona muricata L. leaf ethanolic extract and its fractions against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 273:114019. [PMID: 33716084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine are the two drugs used as part of the standard therapy for toxoplasmosis, however; they may cause adverse side effects and fail to prevent relapse in many patients, rendering infected individuals at risk of reactivation upon becoming immunocompromised. Extracts from various parts of Annona muricata have been widely used medicinally for the management, control and/or treatment of several human diseases, acting against parasites that cause diseases in humans. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was performed to investigate the action of the ethanolic extract of A. muricata (EtOHAm) and its fractions in the control of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in vivo, and the effect of EtOHAm on the inflammatory response and lipid profile alteration induced by in vivo T. gondii infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of EtOHAm and its fractions ethyl acetate (EtOAcAm), n-butanol (BuOHAm), aqueous (H2OAm), hexane (HexAm) and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2Am) was evaluated in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts using the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cells were infected with T. gondii, treated with the extracts, and parasite proliferation was analyzed. For the in vivo experiments, C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with T. gondii and, treated with different concentrations of extract fractions that were effective in vitro (EtOHAm, EtOAcAm, HexAm and CH2Cl2Am). Tissue parasitism, histological alterations, systemic cytokine and lipid profile were investigated. RESULTS EtOHAm, EtOAcAm, BuOHAm, H2OAm presented low cytotoxicity until doses of 200 μg/mL, while HexAm and CH2Cl2Am presented toxicity from doses of 100μg/mL. EtOHAm, HexAm and CH2Cl2Am decreased the parasitism in vitro, presenting a therapeutic index of 2.62, 2.44, and 2.96, respectively. In vivo, EtOHAm, HexAm and CH2Cl2Am improved the survival rate of infected animals, however, only EtOHAm was able to decrease the parasitism in the small intestine and lung. Additionally, EtOHAm decreased the systemic interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) systemically in infected mice, and was able to maintain the triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipid fractions at similar levels to uninfected animals. Although treatment with EtOHAm could not control the inflammation induced by oral infection in the tissues analyzed, it was able to preserve the number of goblet cells in the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS Ethanolic A. muricata leaf extract could be considered as a good candidate for the development of a complementary/alternative therapy against toxoplasmosis, and also as an anti-inflammatory alternative for decreasing TNF and IFN-γ concentrations and lipid fractions in specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Carnevalli Miranda
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia, CEP 38400902, MG, Brazil
| | - Ester Cristina Borges Araujo
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia, CEP 38400902, MG, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG Brazil
| | - Yusmaris Cariaco
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia, CEP 38400902, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline Martins Mota
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Layane Alencar Costa-Nascimento
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia, CEP 38400902, MG, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia, CEP 38400902, MG, Brazil.
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Almeida MPO, Mota CM, Mineo TWP, Ferro EAV, Barbosa BF, Silva NM. Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction in Human BeWo Trophoblast Cells Decreases Toxoplasma gondii Proliferation in Association With the Upregulation of p38 MAPK Phosphorylation and IL-6 Production. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:659028. [PMID: 33912151 PMCID: PMC8071940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.659028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme exerts beneficial effects at the maternal-fetal interface, especially in trophoblasts, being involved in survival and maturation of these cell phenotypes. Trophoblast cells play essential roles throughout pregnancy, being the gateway for pathogens vertically transmitted, such as Toxoplasma gondii. It was previously shown that HO-1 activity was involved in the control of T. gondii infection in vivo; however, its contribution in trophoblast cells during T. gondii infection, remain undefined. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the influence of HO-1 in T. gondii-infected BeWo and HTR-8/SVneo human trophoblast cells. For this purpose, trophoblast cells were infected and the HO-1 expression was evaluated. T. gondii-infected BeWo cells were treated with hemin or CoPPIX, as inducers of HO-1, or with bilirubin, an end-product of HO-1, and the parasitism was quantified. The involvement of p38 MAPK, a regulator of HO-1, and the cytokine production, were also evaluated. It was found that T. gondii decreased the HO-1 expression in BeWo but not in HTR-8/SVneo cells. When treated with the HO-1 inducers or bilirubin, BeWo cells reduced the parasite proliferation. T. gondii also decreased the p38 MAPK phosphorylation in BeWo cells; on the other hand, HO-1 induction sustained its activation. Finally, the IL-6 production was upregulated by HO-1 induction in T. gondii-infected cells, which was associated with the control of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Paulo Oliveira Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Caroline Martins Mota
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo," Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo," Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Bellisa Freitas Barbosa
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Pereira LM, Mota CM, Baroni L, Bronzon da Costa CM, Brochi JCV, Wainwright M, Mineo TWP, Braga GÚL, Yatsuda AP. Inhibitory action of phenothiazinium dyes against Neospora caninum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7483. [PMID: 32366934 PMCID: PMC7198568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an Apicomplexan parasite related to important losses in livestock, causing abortions and decreased fertility in affected cows. Several chemotherapeutic strategies have been developed for disease control; however, no commercial treatment is available. Among the candidate drugs against neosporosis, phenothiazinium dyes, offer a low cost-efficient approach to parasite control. We report the anti-parasitic effects of the phenothiaziums Methylene Blue (MB), New Methylene Blue (NMB), 1,9–Dimethyl Methylene Blue (DMMB) and Toluidine Blue O (TBO) on N. caninum, using in vitro and in vivo models. The dyes inhibited parasite proliferation at nanomolar concentrations (0.019–1.83 μM) and a synergistic effect was achieved when Methylene Blue was combined with New Methylene Blue (Combination Index = 0.84). Moreover, the phenothiazinium dyes improved parasite clearance when combined with Pyrimethamine (Pyr). Combination of Methylene Blue + 1,9–Dimethyl Methylene Blue demonstrated superior efficacy compared to Pyrimethamine based counterparts in an in vivo model of infection. We also observed that Methylene Blue, New Methylene Blue and 1,9–Dimethyl Methylene Blue increased by 5000% the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in N. caninum tachyzoites. Phenothiazinium dyes represent an accessible group of candidates with the potential to compound future formulations for neosporosis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Miguel Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Martins Mota
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cássia Mariana Bronzon da Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jade Cabestre Venancio Brochi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Úbida Leite Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Patrícia Yatsuda
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Barros PDSC, Mota CM, Miranda VDS, Ferreira FB, Ramos ELP, Santana SS, Costa LF, Marques Pajuaba ACA, Roberto Mineo J, Mineo TWP. Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase is required for parasite restriction and inflammatory modulation during Neospora caninum infection. Vet Parasitol 2019; 276:108990. [PMID: 31775103 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neospora caninum infection is an important cause of neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortion in cattle, leading to significant economic losses in beef and dairy industries. The protective immunity against apicomplexan parasites, specifically Toxoplasma gondii and N. caninum, is typically achieved by inducing an IL-12-driven Th1 immune response. IL-12 stimulates IFN-γ production, which activates Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and promotes consequent Nitric Oxide (NO) synthesis, classically described as one of the main effector mechanisms for parasite elimination. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role played by iNOS during N. caninum infection. Our results show that N. caninum infection in C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice induce NO production in vivo and in vitro. In agreement, iNOS deficient mice, as well as WT mice treated with iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine, succumbed during acute infection with a dose lethal to 50 % of the WT mice, and presented significant increase in parasite load when submitted to sub-lethal infection protocols. Interestingly, the lack of control of parasite proliferation observed in iNOS-/- mice was associated with notable CNS inflammation and increased production of the main systemic proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF and IL-17A). Taken together, our findings show that iNOS plays an important role in restricting N. caninum replication, while also modulates the inflammatory process induced by the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrício da Silva Cardoso Barros
- Laboratório De Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Departamento De Imunologia, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720 - Bloco 4C, Campus Umuarama - 38.400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline Martins Mota
- Laboratório De Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Departamento De Imunologia, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720 - Bloco 4C, Campus Umuarama - 38.400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Dos Santos Miranda
- Laboratório De Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Departamento De Imunologia, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720 - Bloco 4C, Campus Umuarama - 38.400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Batista Ferreira
- Laboratório De Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Departamento De Imunologia, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720 - Bloco 4C, Campus Umuarama - 38.400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliézer Lucas Pires Ramos
- Laboratório De Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Departamento De Imunologia, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720 - Bloco 4C, Campus Umuarama - 38.400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Silas Silva Santana
- Laboratório De Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Departamento De Imunologia, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720 - Bloco 4C, Campus Umuarama - 38.400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Lourenço Faria Costa
- Laboratório De Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Departamento De Imunologia, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720 - Bloco 4C, Campus Umuarama - 38.400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Arantes Marques Pajuaba
- Laboratório De Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Departamento De Imunologia, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720 - Bloco 4C, Campus Umuarama - 38.400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratório De Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Departamento De Imunologia, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720 - Bloco 4C, Campus Umuarama - 38.400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratório De Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Departamento De Imunologia, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720 - Bloco 4C, Campus Umuarama - 38.400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Mota CM, Santiago FM, Cardoso MDRD, Rostkowska C, de Oliveira TC, Silva DADO, Pirovani CP, Mineo TWP, Mineo JR. Acetonic Fraction of Bidens pilosa Enriched for Maturase K Is Able to Control Cerebral Parasite Burden in Mice Experimentally Infected With Toxoplasma gondii. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:55. [PMID: 30895180 PMCID: PMC6414801 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infection can cause abortions or congenital infection for a vast number of domestic animals and humans, leading to economic loss in veterinary sciences, as well as severe consequences for immunocompromised patients. Bidens pilosa Linné has been used in ethnopharmacology for treatment of diseases, as malaria, diabetes and hepatitis, in addition to its use as antioxidant, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral. The components of this plant have never been studied before for treatment of toxoplasmosis, and the conventional drugs currently used to treat this disease have high degree of toxicity. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of B. pilosa against T. gondii, by analyzing a total extract of this plant in parallel with a fraction obtained by precipitation in acetone. Also, it was assessed if the acetonic fraction could present lectinic activity, followed by its identification by mass spectrometry. It was observed with the experimental models designed that both total extract and acetonic fraction of B. pilosa were able to control T. gondii infection by in vitro and in vivo experiments, in addition to their low toxicity to host cells. Both total extract and acetonic fraction of this plant display capacity to impair replication of T. gondii tachyzoites. Interesting, the B. pilosa acetonic fraction treatment for 10 days after infection decreases significantly the number of T. gondii brain cyst in comparison with controls. The protein isolated from B. pilosa acetonic fraction was characterized as a novel lectin identified as maturase K. Taken together, these findings open new perspectives to treat patients infected by T. gondii. Future studies will be necessary to investigate the precise mechanism underlying the control of T. gondii infection to impair the replication of this parasite in the host cells after treatment with B. pilosa maturase K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Martins Mota
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Santiago
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Resende Damas Cardoso
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Cristina Rostkowska
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Taísa Carrijo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Deise Aparecida de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biotechnology and Genetic Center, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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da Silva MV, Ferreira França FB, Mota CM, de Macedo Júnior AG, Ramos ELP, Santiago FM, Mineo JR, Mineo TWP. Dectin-1 Compromises Innate Responses and Host Resistance against Neospora caninum Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:245. [PMID: 28326085 PMCID: PMC5339258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan parasite that has drawn increasing interest due to its association with worldwide repetitive bovine abortions, which cause billionaire losses to the meat and dairy industries annually. Innate immunity plays an important role in infection control, and N. caninum activates the production of inflammatory mediators through toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Advances in the knowledge of initial host–parasite interactions are desirable for the design of control measures against the infection, obliterating its pathogenesis. In that sense, we here aimed to describe the role of the innate C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 during the infection by N. caninum. With that intent, we observed that the absence of Dectin-1, observed in genetically depleted (Dectin-1−/−) mice or competitively inhibited by an inert agonist [laminarin (LAM)], rescued 50% of the mice infected with lethal doses of N. caninum. Dectin-1−/− and LAM-treated mice also presented a reduction in the parasite load during acute and chronic phases, associated with decreased inflammatory scores in the central nervous system. Among all the cell phenotypes that migrated to the initial site of infection, dendritic cells and macrophages gained subpopulations with high Dectin-1 surface expression. The impairment of the receptor in these cells led to a decreased parasite burden, as well as augmented production of IL-12p40. We also found that Dectin-1+ cells produced less reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the initial site of the infection, while mice deficient in NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2−/−) were not able to control parasite replication and produce IL-12p40, even upon LAM treatment. Interestingly, the absence of functional Dectin-1 did not alter the susceptibility of mice against closely related Toxoplasma gondii. In conclusion, the gathered data suggest that Dectin-1 is involved in the parasite-induced downmodulation of ROS, and other key molecules triggered for the control of N. caninum infection and are a promising target for future development of protocols intended for intervention against neosporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Vieira da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Brazil
| | - Flávia Batista Ferreira França
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Brazil
| | - Caroline Martins Mota
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Brazil
| | - Arlindo Gomes de Macedo Júnior
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Brazil
| | - Eliézer Lucas Pires Ramos
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Santiago
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Brazil
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Silva MF, Mota CM, Miranda VDS, Cunha ADO, Silva MC, Naves KSC, de Oliveira F, Silva DADO, Mineo TWP, Santiago FM. Biological and Enzymatic Characterization of Proteases from Crude Venom of the Ant Odontomachus bauri. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:5114-28. [PMID: 26633501 PMCID: PMC4690119 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7124869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hymenoptera venoms constitute an interesting source of natural toxins that may lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents. The present study investigated the enzymatic and biological characteristics of the crude venom of the ant Odontomachus bauri. Its crude venom presents several protein bands, with higher staining for six proteins with gelatinolytic activity (17, 20, 26, 29, 43 and 48 kDa). The crude venom showed high proteolytic activity on azocasein at optimal pH 8.0 and 37 °C. In the presence of protease inhibitors as aprotinin, leupeptin and EDTA, the azocaseinolytic activity was reduced by 45%, 29% and 9%, respectively, suggesting that the enzymes present in the crude venom belong to the three classes of proteases, with the serine proteases in greater intensity. The crude venom degraded the fibrinogen α-chain faster than the β-chain, while the fibrinogen γ-chain remained unchanged. In biological assays, O. bauri venom showed hemolytic and coagulant activity in vitro, and defibrinating activity in vivo. In addition, the venom showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as well as antiparasitic activity on Toxoplasma gondii infection in vitro. In that sense, this study sheds perspectives for pharmacological applications of O. bauri venom enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Martins Mota
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa dos Santos Miranda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Cunha
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Maraísa Cristina Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Karinne Spirandelli Carvalho Naves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Fábio de Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Biophysics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.
- National Institute in Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (NanoBiofar), Belo Horizonte-MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Deise Aparecida de Oliveira Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Maria Santiago
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.
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