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Muraca G, Ruiz ME, Gambaro RC, Scioli-Montoto S, Sbaraglini ML, Padula G, Cisneros JS, Chain CY, Álvarez VA, Huck-Iriart C, Castro GR, Piñero MB, Marchetto MI, Alba Soto C, Islan GA, Talevi A. Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2023; 14:804-818. [PMID: 37533841 PMCID: PMC10390827 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected endemic disease prevalent in Latin American countries, affecting around 8 million people. The first-line treatment, benznidazole (BNZ), is effective in the acute stage of the disease but has limited efficacy in the chronic stage, possibly because current treatment regimens do not eradicate transiently dormant Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) appear to be a promising approach for delivering pharmaceutical active ingredients as they can have a positive impact on bioavailability by modifying the absorption, distribution, and elimination of the drug. In this study, BNZ was successfully loaded into nanocarriers composed of myristyl myristate/Crodamol oil/poloxamer 188 prepared by ultrasonication. A stable NLC formulation was obtained, with ≈80% encapsulation efficiency (%EE) and a biphasic drug release profile with an initial burst release followed by a prolonged phase. The hydrodynamic average diameter and zeta potential of NLC obtained by dynamic light scattering were approximately 150 nm and -13 mV, respectively, while spherical and well-distributed nanoparticles were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and small-angle X-ray scattering analyses of the nanoparticles indicated that BNZ might be dispersed in the nanoparticle matrix in an amorphous state. The mean size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and %EE of the formulation remained stable for at least six months. The hemolytic effect of the nanoparticles was insignificant compared to that of the positive lysis control. The nanoparticle formulation exhibited similar performance in vitro against T. cruzi compared to free BNZ. No formulation-related cytotoxic effects were observed on either Vero or CHO cells. Moreover, BNZ showed a 50% reduction in CHO cell viability at 125 µg/mL, whereas NLC-BNZ and non-loaded NLC did not exert a significant effect on cell viability at the same concentration. These results show potential for the development of new nanomedicines against T. cruzi.
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Llanos MA, Sbaraglini ML, Villalba ML, Ruiz MD, Carrillo C, Alba Soto C, Talevi A, Angeli A, Parkkila S, Supuran CT, Gavernet L. A structure-based approach towards the identification of novel antichagasic compounds: Trypanosoma cruzi carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:21-30. [PMID: 31619095 PMCID: PMC6807911 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1677638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi carbonic anhydrase (TcCA) has recently emerged as an interesting target for the design of new compounds to treat Chagas disease. In this study we report the results of a structure-based virtual screening campaign to identify novel and selective TcCA inhibitors. The combination of properly validated computational methodologies such as comparative modelling, molecular dynamics and docking simulations allowed us to find high potency hits, with KI values in the nanomolar range. The compounds also showed trypanocidal effects against T. cruzi epimastigotes and trypomastigotes. All the candidates are selective for inhibiting TcCA over the human isoform CA II, which is encouraging in terms of possible therapeutic safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Llanos
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L. Sbaraglini
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L. Villalba
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María D. Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein (ICT Milstein), Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Carrillo
- Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein (ICT Milstein), Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina Alba Soto
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alan Talevi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Luciana Gavernet
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (LIDeB), Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rada J, Donato M, Penas FN, Alba Soto C, Cevey ÁC, Pieralisi AV, Gelpi R, Mirkin GA, Goren NB. IL-10-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms Are Involved in the Cardiac Pathology Modulation Mediated by Fenofibrate in an Experimental Model of Chagas Heart Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572178. [PMID: 33072115 PMCID: PMC7541836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a significant role in the modulation of the immune response in many pathological conditions, including infectious diseases. Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the etiological agent of Chagas disease, results in an ongoing inflammatory response that may cause heart dysfunction, ultimately leading to heart failure. Given its infectious and inflammatory nature, in this work we analyzed whether the lack of IL-10 hinders the anti-inflammatory effects of fenofibrate, a PPARα ligand, in a murine model of Chagas heart disease (CHD) using IL-10 knockout (IL-10 KO) mice. Our results show fenofibrate was able to restore the abnormal cardiac function displayed by T. cruzi-infected mice lacking IL-10. Treatment with fenofibrate reduced creatine kinase (CK) levels in sera of IL-10 KO mice infected with T. cruzi. Moreover, although fenofibrate could not modulate the inflammatory infiltrates developing in the heart, it was able to reduce the increased collagen deposition in infected IL-10 KO mice. Regarding pro-inflammatory mediators, the most significant finding was the increase in serum IL-17. These were reduced in IL-10 KO mice upon fenofibrate treatment. In agreement with this, the expression of RORγt was reduced. Infection of IL-10 KO mice increased the expression of YmI, FIZZ and Mannose Receptor (tissue healing markers) that remained unchanged upon treatment with fenofibrate. In conclusion, our work emphasizes the role of anti-inflammatory mechanisms to ameliorate heart function in CHD and shows, for the first time, that fenofibrate attains this through IL-10-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Rada
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Donato
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico N Penas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina Alba Soto
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ágata C Cevey
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Azul V Pieralisi
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Gelpi
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo A Mirkin
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora B Goren
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Alba Soto C. Eliminación de la malaria autóctona en Argentina: historia de una lucha y el riesgo del olvido. Rev Argent Microbiol 2019; 51:289-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Guérin G, Jamali S, Soto CA, Guilbert F, Raymond J. Interobserver agreement in the interpretation of outpatient head CT scans in an academic neuroradiology practice. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 36:24-9. [PMID: 25059693 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The repeatability of head CT interpretations may be studied in different contexts: in peer-review quality assurance interventions or in interobserver agreement studies. We assessed the agreement between double-blind reports of outpatient CT scans in a routine academic practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Outpatient head CT scans (119 patients) were randomly selected to be read twice in a blinded fashion by 8 neuroradiologists practicing in an academic institution during 1 year. Nonstandardized reports were analyzed to extract 4 items (answer to the clinical question, major findings, incidental findings, recommendations for further investigations) from each report, to identify agreement or discrepancies (classified as class 2 [mentioned or not mentioned or contradictions between reports], class 1 [mentioned in both reports but diverging in location or severity], 0 [concordant], or not applicable), according to a standardized data-extraction form. Agreement regarding the presence or absence of clinically significant or incidental findings was studied with κ statistics. RESULTS The interobserver agreement regarding head CT studies with positive and negative results for clinically pertinent findings was 0.86 (0.77-0.95), but concordance was only 75.6% (67.2%-82.5%). Class 2 discrepancy was found in 15.1%; class 1 discrepancy, in 9.2% of cases. The κ value for reporting incidental findings was 0.59 (0.45-0.74), with class 2 discrepancy in 29.4% of cases. Most discrepancies did not impact the clinical management of patients. CONCLUSIONS Discrepancies in double-blind interpretations of head CT examinations were more common than reported in peer-review quality assurance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guérin
- From the Department of Radiology (G.G., C.A.S., F.G., J.R.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Jamali
- Laboratory of Interventional Neuroradiology (S.J., J.R.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Notre-Dame Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C A Soto
- From the Department of Radiology (G.G., C.A.S., F.G., J.R.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Guilbert
- From the Department of Radiology (G.G., C.A.S., F.G., J.R.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Raymond
- From the Department of Radiology (G.G., C.A.S., F.G., J.R.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Laboratory of Interventional Neuroradiology (S.J., J.R.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Notre-Dame Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Blois SM, Kammerer U, Alba Soto C, Tometten MC, Shaikly V, Barrientos G, Jurd R, Rukavina D, Thomson AW, Klapp BF, Fernández N, Arck PC. Dendritic cells: key to fetal tolerance? Biol Reprod 2007; 77:590-8. [PMID: 17596562 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique event in which a fetus, despite being genetically and immunologically different from the mother (a hemi-allograft), develops in the uterus. Successful pregnancy implies avoidance of rejection by the maternal immune system. Fetal and maternal immune cells come into direct contact at the decidua, which is a highly specialized mucous membrane that plays a key role in fetal tolerance. Uterine dendritic cells (DC) within the decidua have been implicated in pregnancy maintenance. DC serve as antigen-presenting cells with the unique ability to induce primary immune responses. Just as lymphocytes comprise different subsets, DC subsets have been identified that differentially control lymphocyte function. DC may also act to induce immunologic tolerance and regulation of T cell-mediated immunity. Current understanding of DC immunobiology within the context of mammalian fetal-maternal tolerance is reviewed and discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- University Medicine of Berlin, Charité Centrum 12, Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Campus Virchow, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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