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Kryvoruchko IS, Sinharoy S, Torres-Jerez I, Sosso D, Pislariu CI, Guan D, Murray J, Benedito VA, Frommer WB, Udvardi MK. MtSWEET11, a Nodule-Specific Sucrose Transporter of Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:554-65. [PMID: 27021190 PMCID: PMC4854692 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in legumes is a key area of research for sustainable agriculture. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) occurs in specialized organs called nodules and depends on a steady supply of carbon to both plant and bacterial cells. Here we report the functional characterization of a nodule-specific Suc transporter, MtSWEET11 from Medicago truncatula MtSWEET11 belongs to a clade of plant SWEET proteins that are capable of transporting Suc and play critical roles in pathogen susceptibility. When expressed in mammalian cells, MtSWEET11 transported sucrose (Suc) but not glucose (Glc). The MtSWEET11 gene was found to be expressed in infected root hair cells, and in the meristem, invasion zone, and vasculature of nodules. Expression of an MtSWEET11-GFP fusion protein in nodules resulted in green fluorescence associated with the plasma membrane of uninfected cells and infection thread and symbiosome membranes of infected cells. Two independent Tnt1-insertion sweet11 mutants were uncompromised in SNF Therefore, although MtSWEET11 appears to be involved in Suc distribution within nodules, it is not crucial for SNF, probably because other Suc transporters can fulfill its role(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Kryvoruchko
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK (I.S.K., S.S., I.T.-J., C.I.P., M.K.U.); Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Science, Stanford, CA 94305 (D.S., W.B.F.); Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (D.G., J.M.); and Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (V.A.B.)
| | - Senjuti Sinharoy
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK (I.S.K., S.S., I.T.-J., C.I.P., M.K.U.); Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Science, Stanford, CA 94305 (D.S., W.B.F.); Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (D.G., J.M.); and Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (V.A.B.)
| | - Ivone Torres-Jerez
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK (I.S.K., S.S., I.T.-J., C.I.P., M.K.U.); Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Science, Stanford, CA 94305 (D.S., W.B.F.); Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (D.G., J.M.); and Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (V.A.B.)
| | - Davide Sosso
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK (I.S.K., S.S., I.T.-J., C.I.P., M.K.U.); Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Science, Stanford, CA 94305 (D.S., W.B.F.); Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (D.G., J.M.); and Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (V.A.B.)
| | - Catalina I Pislariu
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK (I.S.K., S.S., I.T.-J., C.I.P., M.K.U.); Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Science, Stanford, CA 94305 (D.S., W.B.F.); Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (D.G., J.M.); and Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (V.A.B.)
| | - Dian Guan
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK (I.S.K., S.S., I.T.-J., C.I.P., M.K.U.); Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Science, Stanford, CA 94305 (D.S., W.B.F.); Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (D.G., J.M.); and Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (V.A.B.)
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK (I.S.K., S.S., I.T.-J., C.I.P., M.K.U.); Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Science, Stanford, CA 94305 (D.S., W.B.F.); Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (D.G., J.M.); and Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (V.A.B.)
| | - Vagner A Benedito
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK (I.S.K., S.S., I.T.-J., C.I.P., M.K.U.); Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Science, Stanford, CA 94305 (D.S., W.B.F.); Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (D.G., J.M.); and Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (V.A.B.)
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK (I.S.K., S.S., I.T.-J., C.I.P., M.K.U.); Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Science, Stanford, CA 94305 (D.S., W.B.F.); Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (D.G., J.M.); and Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (V.A.B.)
| | - Michael K Udvardi
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK (I.S.K., S.S., I.T.-J., C.I.P., M.K.U.); Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Science, Stanford, CA 94305 (D.S., W.B.F.); Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (D.G., J.M.); and Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (V.A.B.)
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Pislariu CI, D. Murray J, Wen J, Cosson V, Muni RRD, Wang M, A. Benedito V, Andriankaja A, Cheng X, Jerez IT, Mondy S, Zhang S, Taylor ME, Tadege M, Ratet P, Mysore KS, Chen R, Udvardi MK. A Medicago truncatula tobacco retrotransposon insertion mutant collection with defects in nodule development and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Plant Physiol 2012; 159:1686-99. [PMID: 22679222 PMCID: PMC3425206 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.197061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A Tnt1-insertion mutant population of Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 was screened for defects in nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Primary screening of 9,300 mutant lines yielded 317 lines with putative defects in nodule development and/or nitrogen fixation. Of these, 230 lines were rescreened, and 156 lines were confirmed with defective symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Mutants were sorted into six distinct phenotypic categories: 72 nonnodulating mutants (Nod-), 51 mutants with totally ineffective nodules (Nod+ Fix-), 17 mutants with partially ineffective nodules (Nod+ Fix+/-), 27 mutants defective in nodule emergence, elongation, and nitrogen fixation (Nod+/- Fix-), one mutant with delayed and reduced nodulation but effective in nitrogen fixation (dNod+/- Fix+), and 11 supernodulating mutants (Nod++Fix+/-). A total of 2,801 flanking sequence tags were generated from the 156 symbiotic mutant lines. Analysis of flanking sequence tags revealed 14 insertion alleles of the following known symbiotic genes: NODULE INCEPTION (NIN), DOESN'T MAKE INFECTIONS3 (DMI3/CCaMK), ERF REQUIRED FOR NODULATION, and SUPERNUMERARY NODULES (SUNN). In parallel, a polymerase chain reaction-based strategy was used to identify Tnt1 insertions in known symbiotic genes, which revealed 25 additional insertion alleles in the following genes: DMI1, DMI2, DMI3, NIN, NODULATION SIGNALING PATHWAY1 (NSP1), NSP2, SUNN, and SICKLE. Thirty-nine Nod- lines were also screened for arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis phenotypes, and 30 mutants exhibited defects in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Morphological and developmental features of several new symbiotic mutants are reported. The collection of mutants described here is a source of novel alleles of known symbiotic genes and a resource for cloning novel symbiotic genes via Tnt1 tagging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - JiangQi Wen
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Viviane Cosson
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - RajaSekhara Reddy Duvvuru Muni
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Vagner A. Benedito
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Andry Andriankaja
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Ivone Torres Jerez
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Samuel Mondy
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Shulan Zhang
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Mark E. Taylor
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Million Tadege
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Kirankumar S. Mysore
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Rujin Chen
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
| | - Michael K. Udvardi
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (C.I.P., J.D.M., J.W., R.R.D.M., M.W., V.A.B., A.A., X.C., I.T.J., S.Z., M.E.T., M.T., K.S.M., R.C., M.K.U.); Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (J.D.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France (V.C., S.M., P.R.); Monsanto Holdings Pvt., Ltd, Monsanto Research Center, NH7, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 092, India (R.R.D.M.); Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davies College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (V.A.B.); Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik Plant Science Company, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (A.A.); and Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (M.T.)
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