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Sabaratnam R, Skov V, Paulsen SK, Juhl S, Kruse R, Hansen T, Halkier C, Kristensen JM, Vind BF, Richelsen B, Knudsen S, Dahlgaard J, Beck-Nielsen H, Kruse TA, Højlund K. A Signature of Exaggerated Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Is Linked to Low Plasma Adiponectin and Increased Transcriptional Activation of Proteasomal Degradation in Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132005. [PMID: 35805088 PMCID: PMC9265693 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by more pronounced metabolic and molecular defects than in obesity per se. There is increasing evidence that adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Here, we used an unbiased approach to examine if adipose tissue dysfunction is exaggerated in T2D and linked to diabetes-related mechanisms of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Transcriptional profiling and biological pathways analysis were performed in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and skeletal muscle biopsies from 17 patients with T2D and 19 glucose-tolerant, age and weight-matched obese controls. Findings were validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting of selected genes and proteins. Patients with T2D were more insulin resistant and had lower plasma adiponectin than obese controls. Transcriptional profiling showed downregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic-acid cycle and increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes in SAT in T2D, whereas genes involved in proteasomal degradation were upregulated in the skeletal muscle in T2D. qRT-PCR confirmed most of these findings and showed lower expression of adiponectin in SAT and higher expression of myostatin in muscle in T2D. Interestingly, muscle expression of proteasomal genes correlated positively with SAT expression of ECM genes but inversely with the expression of ADIPOQ in SAT and plasma adiponectin. Protein content of proteasomal subunits and major ubiquitin ligases were unaltered in the skeletal muscle of patients with T2D. A transcriptional signature of exaggerated adipose tissue dysfunction in T2D, compared with obesity alone, is linked to low plasma adiponectin and increased transcriptional activation of proteasomal degradation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Søren K. Paulsen
- Department of Pathology, Viborg Regional Hospital, DK-8800 Viborg, Denmark;
| | - Stine Juhl
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Rikke Kruse
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Thea Hansen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Cecilie Halkier
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Jonas M. Kristensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte F. Vind
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Steen Knudsen
- Allarity Therapeutics Europe, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark;
| | - Jesper Dahlgaard
- Program for Mind and Body in Mental Health, Research Centre for Health and Welfare Technology, VIA University College, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Beck-Nielsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
| | - Torben A. Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark;
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2532-0648
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