1
|
Georgiopoulos C, Papadimitriou S, Nyholm D, Kilander L, Löwenmark M, Fällmar D, Virhammar J. Quantitative brain stem assessment in discriminating neurodegenerative disorders from normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neuroimaging 2024. [PMID: 38676300 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Differentiating idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) from neurodegenerative disorders such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Multiple System Atrophy-parkinsonian type (MSA-P), and vascular dementia (VaD) is challenging due to overlapping clinical and neuroimaging findings. This study assesses if quantitative brain stem and cerebellum metrics can aid in this differentiation. METHODS We retrospectively compared the sagittal midbrain area, midbrain to pons ratio, MR parkinsonism index (MRPI), and cerebellar atrophy in 30 PSP patients, 31 iNPH patients, 27 MSA-P patients, 32 VaD patients, and 25 healthy controls. Statistical analyses determined group differences, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS There was an overlap in midbrain morphology between PSP and iNPH, as assessed with MRPI, midbrain to pons ratio, and midbrain area. A cutoff value of MRPI > 13 exhibited 84% specificity in distinguishing PSP from iNPH and 100% in discriminating PSP from all other conditions. A cutoff value of midbrain to pons ratio at <0.15 yielded 95% specificity for differentiating PSP from iNPH and 100% from all other conditions. A cutoff value of midbrain area at <87 mm2 exhibited 97% specificity for differentiating PSP from iNPH and 100% from all other conditions. All measures showed low sensitivity. Cerebellar atrophy did not differ significantly among groups. CONCLUSION Our study questions MRPI's diagnostic performance in distinguishing PSP from iNPH. Simpler indices such as midbrain to pons ratio and midbrain area showed similar or better accuracy. However, all these indices displayed low sensitivity despite significant differences among PSP, MSA-P, and VaD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dag Nyholm
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Löwenmark
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Fällmar
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neuroradiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Virhammar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Georgiopoulos C, Buechner MA, Falkenburger B, Engström M, Hummel T, Haehner A. Differential connectivity of the posterior piriform cortex in Parkinson's disease and postviral olfactory dysfunction: an fMRI study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6256. [PMID: 38491209 PMCID: PMC10943068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is a common feature of both postviral upper respiratory tract infections (PV) and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Our aim was to investigate potential differences in the connectivity of the posterior piriform cortex, a major component of the olfactory cortex, between PV and PD patients. Fifteen healthy controls (median age 66 years, 9 men), 15 PV (median age 63 years, 7 men) and 14 PD patients (median age 70 years, 9 men) were examined with task-based olfactory fMRI, including two odors: peach and fish. fMRI data were analyzed with the co-activation pattern (CAP) toolbox, which allows a dynamic temporal assessment of posterior piriform cortex (PPC) connectivity. CAP analysis revealed 2 distinct brain networks interacting with the PPC. The first network included regions related to emotion recognition and attention, such as the anterior cingulate and the middle frontal gyri. The occurrences of this network were significantly fewer in PD patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.023), with no significant differences among PV patients and the other groups. The second network revealed a dissociation between the olfactory cortex (piriform and entorhinal cortices), the anterior cingulate gyrus and the middle frontal gyri. This second network was significantly more active during the latter part of the stimulation, across all groups, possibly due to habituation. Our study shows how the PPC interacts with areas that regulate higher order processing and how this network is substantially affected in PD. Our findings also suggest that olfactory habituation is independent of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology and Odontology, Skånes Universitetssjukhus, Entrégatan 7, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Maria Engström
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Georgiopoulos C, Tisell A, Holmgren RT, Eleftheriou A, Rydja J, Lundin F, Tobieson L. Noninvasive assessment of glymphatic dysfunction in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with diffusion tensor imaging. J Neurosurg 2024; 140:612-620. [PMID: 37724800 DOI: 10.3171/2023.6.jns23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) along the perivascular space (ALPS) (DTI-ALPS)-by calculating the ALPS index, a ratio accentuating water diffusion in the perivascular space-has been proposed as a noninvasive, indirect MRI method for assessing glymphatic function. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether DTI-ALPS would reveal glymphatic dysfunction in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and whether the ALPS index was associated with disease severity. METHODS Thirty iNPH patients (13 men; median age 77 years) and 27 healthy controls (10 men; median age 73 years) underwent MRI and clinical assessment with the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); only the patients were evaluated with the Hellström iNPH scale. MRI data were analyzed with the DTI-ALPS method and Radscale screening tool. RESULTS iNPH patients showed significantly lower mean ALPS index scores compared with healthy controls (median [interquartile range] 1.09 [1.00-1.15] vs 1.49 [1.36-1.59], p < 0.001). Female healthy controls showed significantly higher ALPS index scores than males in both hemispheres (e.g., right hemisphere 1.62 [1.47-1.67] vs 1.33 [1.14-1.41], p = 0.001). This sex difference was not seen in iNPH patients. The authors found a moderate exponential correlation between mean ALPS index score and motor function as measured with time required to complete TUG (r = -0.644, p < 0.001), number of steps to complete TUG (r = -0.571, p < 0.001), 10-m walk time (r = -0.637, p < 0.001), and 10-m walk steps (r = -0.588, p < 0.001). The authors also found a positive linear correlation between mean ALPS index score and MMSE score (r = 0.416, p = 0.001). Simple linear regression showed a significant effect of diagnosis (B = -0.39, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.459), female sex (B = 0.232, p = 0.002, R2 = 0.157), and Evans index (B = -4.151, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.559) on ALPS index. Multiple linear regression, including diagnosis, sex, and Evans index score, showed a higher predictive value (R2 = 0.626) than analysis of each of these factors alone. CONCLUSIONS The ALPS index, which was significantly decreased in iNPH patients, could serve as a marker of disease severity, both clinically and in terms of neuroimaging. However, it is important to consider the significant influence of biological sex and ventriculomegaly on the ALPS index, which raises the question of whether the ALPS index solely reflects glymphatic function or if it also encompasses other types of injury. Future studies are needed to address potential confounding factors and further validate the ALPS method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- 1Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- 2Department of Radiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- 3Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Tisell
- 3Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- 4Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rafael T Holmgren
- 5Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Eleftheriou
- 6Department of Neurology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- 7Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Johanna Rydja
- 8Department of Activity and Health and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lundin
- 6Department of Neurology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Tobieson
- 5Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan X, Benkhatar H, Chao YT, Georgiopoulos C, Hummel T. Anterior Skull Base Abnormalities in Congenital Anosmia. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2023; 86:1-12. [PMID: 37607521 DOI: 10.1159/000532077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The structures of the skull and the brain are related to each other. Prior work in individuals with isolated congenital anosmia (ICA) showed that these individuals were characterized by olfactory bulb (OB) defects. The aim of this study was to compare the morphological pattern of the anterior skull base surrounding the OB between individuals with ICA and normosmic controls. We meant to investigate whether these features can help distinguish abnormalities from normal variation. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study to acquire T2-weighted magnetic resonance images from individuals diagnosed with ICA (n = 31) and healthy, normosmic controls matched for age and gender (n = 62). Between both groups, we compared the depth and width of the olfactory fossa, the angle of the ethmoidal fovea, as well as the angle of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate. Within the ICA group, we further performed subgroup analyses based on the presence or absence of the OB, to investigate whether the morphology of the anterior skull base relates to the presence of OBs. The diagnostic performance of these parameters was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS Individuals with ICA exhibited a flattened ethmoid roof and shallower olfactory fossa when compared to controls. Further, the absence of the OB was found to be associated with a higher degree of flattening of the ethmoid roof and a shallow olfactory fossa. We reached the results in the following areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves: 0.80 - angle of fovea ethmoidalis, 0.76 - depth of olfactory fossa, 0.70 - angle of lateral lamella of the cribriform plate for significant differentiation between individuals with ICA and normosmic controls. CONCLUSION Individuals with ICA exhibited an unusual anterior skull base surrounding the OB. This study supports the idea of an integrated development of OB and anterior skull base. Hence, the morphological pattern of the anterior skull base surrounding the OB helps distinguish individuals with ICA from normosmic controls and may therefore be useful for the diagnosis of ICA, although it is certainly not an invariable sign of congenital anosmia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Yan
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hakim Benkhatar
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France
| | - Yun-Ting Chao
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eek T, Lundin F, Larsson M, Hamilton P, Georgiopoulos C. Neural suppression in odor recognition memory. Chem Senses 2023; 48:7008795. [PMID: 36715106 PMCID: PMC9940621 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the neural basis of lower- and higher-order olfactory functions such as odor memory, compared with other sensory systems. The aim of this study was to explore neural networks and correlates associated with 3 functions: passive smelling (PS), odor encoding (OE), and in particular odor recognition memory (ORM). Twenty-six healthy participants were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging conducted across 3 sessions, one for each function. Independent component analysis revealed a difference between sessions where a distinct ORM component incorporating hippocampus and posterior cingulate showed delayed triggering dissociated from odor stimulation and recognition. By contrasting Hit for ORM (target odors correctly recognized as old) and a combination of PS and detected odors from OE, we found significantly lower activations in amygdala, piriform cortex, insula, thalamus, and the inferior parietal lobule. Region of interest analysis including anterior insula, posterior cingulate gyrus, dentate gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, amygdala, and piriform cortex demonstrated that Hit were associated with lower activations compared with other memory responses. In summary, our findings suggest that successful recognition of familiar odors (odor familiarity) is associated with neural suppression in the abovementioned regions of interest. Additionally, network including the hippocampus and posterior cingulate is engaged in a postrecognition process. This process may be related to incidental encoding of less familiar and more novel odors (odor novelty) and should be subject for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Eek
- Corresponding author: Department of Neurology, Linköping University Hospital, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Lundin
- Department of Neurology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratories, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Hamilton
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thaploo D, Joshi A, Georgiopoulos C, Warr J, Hummel T. Tractography indicates lateralized differences between trigeminal and olfactory pathways. Neuroimage 2022; 261:119518. [PMID: 35926760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Odorous sensations are based on trigeminal and olfactory perceptions. Both trigeminal and olfactory stimuli generate overlapping as well as distinctive activations in the olfactory cortex including the piriform cortex. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), an integrative center for all senses, is directly activated in the presence of olfactory stimulations. In contrast, the thalamus, a very important midbrain structure, is not directly activated in the presence of odors, but rather acts as a relay for portions of olfactory information between primary olfactory cortex and higher-order processing centers. The aims of the study were (1) to examine the number of streamlines between the piriform cortex and the OFC and also between the piriform cortex and the thalamus and (2) to explore potential correlations between these streamlines and trigeminal and olfactory chemosensory perceptions. Thirty-eight healthy subjects were recruited for the study and underwent diffusion MRI using a 3T MRI scanner with 67 diffusion directions. ROIs were adapted from two studies looking into olfaction in terms of functional and structural properties of the olfactory system. The "waytotal number" was used which corresponds to number of streamlines between two regions of interests. We found the number of streamlines between the piriform cortex and the thalamus to be higher in the left hemisphere, whereas the number of streamlines between the piriform cortex and the OFC were higher in the right hemisphere. We also found streamlines between the piriform cortex and the thalamus to be positively correlated with the intensity of irritating (trigeminal) odors. On the other hand, streamlines between the piriform cortex and the OFC were correlated with the threshold scores for these trigeminal odors. This is the first studying the correlations between streamlines and olfactory scores using tractography. Results suggest that different chemosensory stimuli are processed through different networks in the chemosensory system involving the thalamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divesh Thaploo
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Haus 5, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Akshita Joshi
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Haus 5, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Haus 5, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany; Department of Radiology in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Haus 5, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Georgiopoulos C, Postler M, Rombaux P, Gudziol V, Abolmaali N, Hummel T. Unilateral Choanal Atresia: Indications of Long-Term Olfactory Deficits and Volumetric Brain Changes Postsurgically. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2021; 84:89-92. [PMID: 34839294 DOI: 10.1159/000520188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very few studies have investigated whether unilateral choanal atresia is associated with permanent olfactory deficits. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the olfactory performance of patients with unilateral choanal atresia postsurgically. METHODS Three patients with unilateral atresia were examined in terms of olfactory performance with the Sniffin' Sticks test (odor identification, threshold, and discrimination), size of the olfactory bulb, and volumetric brain changes. RESULTS All patients demonstrated significantly lower olfactory performance in terms of odor threshold on the same side with the choanal atresia. Grey matter reductions were found ipsilaterally in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study indicates that persistent olfactory deficits and volumetric brain changes are present in patients with unilateral choanal atresia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martina Postler
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philippe Rombaux
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Volker Gudziol
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nasreddin Abolmaali
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Haller S, Davidsson A, Tisell A, Ochoa-Figueroa M, Georgiopoulos C. MRI of nigrosome-1: A potential triage tool for patients with suspected parkinsonism. J Neuroimaging 2021; 32:273-278. [PMID: 34724281 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) of nigrosome-1 is an emerging and clinically applicable imaging marker for parkinsonism, which can be derived from routinely performed brain MRI. The purpose of the study was to assess whether SWI can be used as a triage tool for more efficient selection of subsequent Dopamine Transporter Scan (DaTSCAN) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS We examined 72 consecutive patients with suspected parkinsonism with both DaTSCAN SPECT and SWI (48 in Philips Ingenia, 24 in GE Signa). Additionally, we examined 24 healthy controls with SWI (14 in Philips Ingenia, 10 in GE Signa). Diagnostic performance of SWI and DaTSCAN SPECT was assessed on the basis of clinical diagnosis, in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS A total of 54 parkinsonism patients (69 years ± 9, 32 men), 18 nonparkinsonism patients (69.4 years ± 9, 10 men), and 24 healthy controls (62 years ± 8, 10 men) were recruited. SWI had a specificity of 92% and a sensitivity of 74%, whereas DaTSCAN SPECT had 83% and 94%, respectively. By preselecting patients with abnormal or inconclusive SWI, the diagnostic performance of DaTSCAN SPECT improved (specificity 100%, sensitivity 95%). Scans from Philips were associated with significantly lower image quality compared to GE (p < .001). The experienced rater outperformed the less experienced one in diagnostic accuracy (82% vs. 68%). CONCLUSIONS SWI can be used as triage tool because normal SWI can in most cases rule out parkinsonism. However, the performance of SWI depends on acquisition parameters and rater's experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Haller
- CIMC - Centre d'Imagerie Médicale de Cornavin, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anette Davidsson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Tisell
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Miguel Ochoa-Figueroa
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Virhammar J, Blohmé H, Nyholm D, Georgiopoulos C, Fällmar D. Midbrain area and the hummingbird sign from brain MRI in progressive supranuclear palsy and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neuroimaging 2021; 32:90-96. [PMID: 34520581 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The main radiological finding in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is reduced midbrain volume. Both qualitative (e.g., hummingbird sign) and quantitative (e.g., area measurements) markers have been noted. Recent studies have shown a similar reduction also in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The purpose was to investigate the reliability and accuracy of these markers in discriminating PSP from iNPH and controls. METHODS Eight neuroradiologists viewed sagittal MR images of the midbrain from 104 subjects: 26 PSP patients, 40 iNPH patients, and 38 healthy controls. They visually assessed whether the hummingbird sign was present or not, grading their confidence from 1 to 5. Assessments were translated into a score between +5 and -5: from maximum confidence of presence to maximum confidence of absence. A positive median score was considered to indicate hummingbird sign. Sagittal midbrain area was manually measured in each subject. RESULTS Seventy-seven percent of PSP patients, 65% of iNPH, and 3% of controls were visually assessed as having the hummingbird sign. Manually measured midbrain area also showed overlap between PSP and iNPH. Regarding discrimination of PSP patients, midbrain area measurements, using a cutoff of 90 mm2 , yielded a higher area under the curve (AUC = 0.86) than visual assessment scores (AUC = 0.83), and higher reliability. CONCLUSIONS Measuring sagittal midbrain area is more accurate and reliable than visual assessment. Due to significant overlap in appearance, a midbrain with a hummingbird sign or reduced sagittal area should raise the suspicion of PSP only after other signs of iNPH have been considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Virhammar
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harald Blohmé
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Nyholm
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Department of Radiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David Fällmar
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pellegrino R, Mignot C, Georgiopoulos C, Haehner A, Hummel T. Consequences of gaining olfactory function after lifelong anosmia. Neurocase 2021; 27:238-242. [PMID: 34003718 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1921221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a rare case in which a patient has gained her smell after lifelong anosmia. The patient was objectively tested and diagnosed with functional anosmia at age 13 and reported they were experiencing a new sensation of smell at age 22. Our results show an electrophysiological signal for two unimodal odorants. The patient had a retronasal score in the hyposmic range and self-reported the ability to smell non-trigeminal odors, but reported being disturbed by the presence of the new sense and co-occurrence of phantosmia. We discuss our case in routes of neurogenesis and non-forming memory association with odors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pellegrino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany
| | - Coralie Mignot
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany
| | - Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Haehner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Georgiopoulos C, Witt ST, Haller S, Dizdar N, Zachrisson H, Engström M, Larsson EM. A study of neural activity and functional connectivity within the olfactory brain network in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101946. [PMID: 31491835 PMCID: PMC6661283 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is an early manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to illustrate potential differences between PD patients and healthy controls in terms of neural activity and functional connectivity within the olfactory brain network. Twenty PD patients and twenty healthy controls were examined with olfactory fMRI and resting-state fMRI. Data analysis of olfactory fMRI included data-driven tensorial independent component (ICA) and task-driven general linear model (GLM) analyses. Data analysis of resting-state fMRI included probabilistic ICA based on temporal concatenation and functional connectivity analysis within the olfactory network. ICA of olfactory fMRI identified an olfactory network consisting of the posterior piriform cortex, insula, right orbitofrontal cortex and thalamus. Recruitment of this network was less significant for PD patients. GLM analysis revealed significantly lower activity in the insula bilaterally and the right orbitofrontal cortex in PD compared to healthy controls but no significant differences in the olfactory cortex itself. Analysis of resting-state fMRI did not reveal any differences in the functional connectivity within the olfactory, default mode, salience or central executive networks between the two groups. In conclusion, olfactory dysfunction in PD is associated with less significant recruitment of the olfactory brain network. ICA could demonstrate differences in both the olfactory cortex and its main projections, compared to GLM that revealed differences only on the latter. Resting-state fMRI did not reveal any significant differences in functional connectivity within the olfactory, default mode, salience and central executive networks in this cohort. Less significant recruitment of the olfactory brain network was found in Parkinson's disease. Independent component analysis reveals differences in both olfactory cortex and its projections. Differences in functional connectivity within the olfactory network were not significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Suzanne T Witt
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sven Haller
- Centre Imagerie Rive Droite SA, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Surgical Sciences/Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nil Dizdar
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helene Zachrisson
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Engström
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elna-Marie Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences/Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Georgiopoulos C, Witt ST, Haller S, Dizdar N, Zachrisson H, Engström M, Larsson EM. Olfactory fMRI: Implications of Stimulation Length and Repetition Time. Chem Senses 2019; 43:389-398. [PMID: 29726890 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying olfaction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) poses various methodological challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effects of stimulation length and repetition time (TR) on the activation pattern of 4 olfactory brain regions: the anterior and the posterior piriform cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the insula. Twenty-two healthy participants with normal olfaction were examined with fMRI, with 2 stimulation lengths (6 s and 15 s) and 2 TRs (0.901 s and 1.34 s). Data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM), Tensorial Independent Component Analysis (TICA), and by plotting the event-related time course of brain activation in the 4 olfactory regions of interest. The statistical analysis of the time courses revealed that short TR was associated with more pronounced signal increase and short stimulation was associated with shorter time to peak signal. Additionally, both long stimulation and short TR were associated with oscillatory time courses, whereas both short stimulation and short TR resulted in more typical time courses. GLM analysis showed that the combination of short stimulation and short TR could result in visually larger activation within these olfactory areas. TICA validated that the tested paradigm was spatially and temporally associated with a functionally connected network that included all 4 olfactory regions. In conclusion, the combination of short stimulation and short TR is associated with higher signal increase and shorter time to peak, making it more amenable to standard GLM-type analyses than long stimulation and long TR, and it should, thus, be preferable for olfactory fMRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Röntgenkliniken, Universitetssjukhuset, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Suzanne T Witt
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sven Haller
- Affidea CDRC Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge SA, clos de la Fonderie, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Surgical Sciences/Radiology, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nil Dizdar
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helene Zachrisson
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Engström
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sandbäcksgatan, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elna-Marie Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences/Radiology, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Georgiopoulos C, Warntjes M, Dizdar N, Zachrisson H, Engström M, Haller S, Larsson EM. Olfactory Impairment in Parkinson's Disease Studied with Diffusion Tensor and Magnetization Transfer Imaging. J Parkinsons Dis 2018; 7:301-311. [PMID: 28482644 PMCID: PMC5438470 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-161060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Olfactory impairment is an early manifestation of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Magnetization Transfer (MT) are two imaging techniques that allow noninvasive detection of microstructural changes in the cerebral white matter. Objective: To assess white matter alterations associated with olfactory impairment in PD, using a binary imaging approach with DTI and MT. Methods: 22 PD patients and 13 healthy controls were examined with DTI, MT and an odor discrimination test. DTI data were first analyzed with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) in order to detect differences in fractional anisotropy, mean, radial and axial diffusivity between PD patients and controls. Voxelwise randomized permutation was employed for the MT analysis, after spatial and intensity normalization. Additionally, ROI analysis was performed on both the DTI and MT data, focused on the white matter adjacent to olfactory brain regions. Results: Whole brain voxelwise analysis revealed decreased axial diffusivity in the left uncinate fasciculus and the white matter adjacent to the left olfactory sulcus of PD patients. ROI analysis demonstrated decreased axial diffusivity in the right orbitofrontal cortex, as well as decreased mean diffusivity and axial diffusivity in the white matter of the left entorhinal cortex of PD patients. There were no significant differences regarding fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity or MT between patients and controls. Conclusions: ROI analysis of DTI could detect microstructural changes in the white matter adjacent to olfactory areas in PD patients, whereas MT imaging could not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Department of Radiology and Department ofMedical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical ImageScience and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marcel Warntjes
- Center for Medical ImageScience and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,SyntheticMR AB, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nil Dizdar
- Department of Neurologyand Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helene Zachrisson
- Center for Medical ImageScience and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Departmentof Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Engström
- Center for Medical ImageScience and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical andHealth Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sven Haller
- Affidea CDRC Centre de Diagnostic Radiologiquede Carouge SA, Geneva, Switzerland.,Departmentof Surgical Sciences/Radiology, Uppsala University, AkademiskaSjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elna-Marie Larsson
- Departmentof Surgical Sciences/Radiology, Uppsala University, AkademiskaSjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Georgiopoulos C, Davidsson A, Engström M, Larsson EM, Zachrisson H, Dizdar N. The diagnostic value of dopamine transporter imaging and olfactory testing in patients with parkinsonian syndromes. J Neurol 2015; 262:2154-63. [PMID: 26122543 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of olfactory testing and presynaptic dopamine imaging in diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS); to evaluate if the combination of these two diagnostic tools can improve their diagnostic value. A prospective investigation of 24 PD patients, 16 APS patients and 15 patients with non-parkinsonian syndromes was performed during an 18-month period. Single photon emission computed tomography with the presynaptic radioligand (123)I-FP-CIT (DaTSCAN(®)) and olfactory testing with the Brief 12-item Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) were performed in all patients. DaTSCAN was analysed semi-quantitatively, by calculating two different striatal uptake ratios, and visually according to a predefined ranking scale. B-SIT score was significantly lower for PD patients, but not significantly different between APS and non-parkinsonism. The visual assessment of DaTSCAN had higher sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy compared to olfactory testing. Most PD patients (75%) had visually predominant dopamine depletion in putamen, while most APS patients (56%) had visually severe dopamine depletion both in putamen and in caudate nucleus. The combination of DaTSCAN and B-SIT led to a higher rate of correctly classified patients. Olfactory testing can distinguish PD from non-parkinsonism, but not PD from APS or APS from non-parkinsonism. DaTSCAN is more efficient than olfactory testing and can be valuable in differentiating PD from APS. However, combining olfactory testing and DaTSCAN imaging has a higher predictive value than these two methods separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Department of Radiology, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden. .,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Anette Davidsson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Engström
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elna-Marie Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences/Radiology, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helene Zachrisson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nil Dizdar
- Department of Neurology, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Davidsson A, Georgiopoulos C, Dizdar N, Granerus G, Zachrisson H. Comparison between visual assessment of dopaminergic degeneration pattern and semi-quantitative ratio calculations in patients with Parkinson's disease and Atypical Parkinsonian syndromes using DaTSCAN® SPECT. Ann Nucl Med 2014; 28:851-9. [PMID: 24997753 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-014-0878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify if (123)I-FP-CIT, DaTSCAN(®) can differentiate early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as patients with Atypical Parkinsonian syndromes (APS) from manifest Parkinson's disease. METHODS 128 consecutive patients were investigated with (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT during a 4-year period. All patients were diagnosed according to the established consensus criteria for diagnosis of PD (n = 53) and APS (n = 19). Remaining patients were grouped early PD (before onset of L-DOPA medication), (n = 20), vascular PD (n = 6), and non-PD syndromes (n = 30) and SWEDD (n = 1). SPECT images were analyzed visually according to a predefined ranking scale of dopaminergic nerve cell degeneration, distinguishing a posterior-anterior degeneration pattern (egg shape) from a more global and severe degeneration pattern (burst striatum). Striatum uptake ratios were quantitatively analyzed with the 3D software, EXINI. RESULTS In the group of APS patients, the burst striatum pattern was most frequent and found in 61 % (11/18 patients). In PD patients, the egg shape pattern was dominating, especially in early PD where it was present in 95 % (19/20 patients). The positive predictive value for the egg shape pattern to diagnose PD was 92 % in this material (APS and all PD patients) and the specificity 90 % for the burst striatum pattern to exclude APS. The uptake ratios were reduced in both PD and APS patients and closely related to the image ranking. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that in more than half of the patients it was possible to differentiate between PD and APS by visual interpretation only. Similar results were obtained using semi-quantitative uptake ratios. Combining visual assessment with uptake ratios did not add to the discriminating power of DaTSCAN(®) SPECT in this material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Davidsson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Clinical Physiology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Buskulic D, Casper D, Bonis I, Decamp D, Chez P, Goy C, Lees JP, Minard MN, Odier P, Pietrzyk B, Ariztizabal F, Comas P, Crespo JM, Efthymiopoulos I, Fernandez E, Fernandez-Bosman M, Gaitan V, Garrido L, Martinez M, Mattison T, Orten S, Pacheco A, Padilla C, Pascual A, Creanza D, Palma M, Farilla A, Iaselli G, Maggi G, Marinelli N, Natali S, Nuzzo S, Ranieri A, Raso G, Romano F, Ruggieri F, Selvaggi G, Silvestris L, Tempesta P, Zito G, Chai Y, Huang D, Huang X, Lin J, Wang T, Xie Y, Xu D, Xu R, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao W, Blucher E, Bonvicini G, Boudreau J, Drevermann H, Forty RW, Ganis G, Gay C, Girone M, Hagelberg R, Harvey J, Hilgart J, Jacobsen R, Jost B, Knobloch J, Lehraus I, Maggi M, Markou C, Mato P, Meinhard H, Minten A, Miquel R, Moffeit K, Palazzi P, Pater JR, Perlas JA, Perrodo P, Pusztaszeri JF, Ranjard F, Rolandi L, Rothberg J, Ruan T, Saich M, Schlatter D, Schmelling M, Sefkow F, Tejessy W, Tomalin IR, Veenhof R, Wachsmuth H, Wasserbaech S, Wiedenmann W, Wildish T, Witzeling W, Wotschack J, Ajaltouni Z, Bardadin-Otwinowska M, Barres A, Boyer C, Falvard A, Gay P, Guicheney C, Henrard P, Jousset J, Michel B, Montret JC, Pallin D, Perret P, Podlyski F, Proriol J, Saadi F, Fearnley T, Hansen JB, Hansen JD, Hansen JR, Hansen PH, Johnson SD, Møllerud R, Nilsson BS, Kyriakis A, Simopoulou E, Siotis I, Vayaki A, Zachariadou K, Badier J, Blondel A, Bonneaud G, Brient JC, Bourdon P, Fouque G, Passalacqua L, Rougé A, Rumpf M, Tanaka R, Verderi M, Videau H, Candlin DJ, Parsons MI, Veitch E, Focardi E, Moneta L, Parrini G, Corden M, Delfino M, Georgiopoulos C, Jaffe DE, Levinthal D, Antonelli A, Bencivenni G, Bologna G, Bossi F, Campana P, Capon G, Cerutti F, Chiarella V, Felici G, Laurelli P, Mannocchi G, Murtas F, Murtas GP, Pepe-Altarelli M, Salomone S, Colrain P, Have I, Knowles IG, Lynch JG, Maitland W, Morton WT, Raine C, Reeves P, Scarr JM, Smith K, Smith MG, Thompson AS, Thorn S, Turnbull RM, Becker U, Braun O, Geweniger C, Hanke P, Hepp V, Kluge EE, Putzer A, Rensch B, Schmidt M, Stenzel H, Tittel K, Wunsch M, Beuselinck R, Binnie DM, Cameron W, Cattaneo M, Colling DJ, Dornan PJ, Hassard JF, Konstantinidis N, Moutoussi A, Nash J, Payne DG, San Martin G, Sedgbeer JK, Wright AG, Girtler P, Kuhn D, Rudolph G, Vogl R, Bowdery CK, Brodbeck TJ, Finch AJ, Foster F, Hughes G, Jackson D, Keemer NR, Nuttall M, Patel A, Sloan T, Snow SW, Whelan EP, Galla A, Greene AM, Kleinknecht K, Raab J, Renk B, Sander HG, Schmidt H, Walther SM, Wanke R, Wolf B, Bencheikh AM, Benchouk C, Bonissent A, Calvet D, Carr J, Coyle P, Diaconu C, Etienne F, Nicod D, Payre P, Roos L, Rousseau D, Schwemling P, Talby M, Adlung S, Assmann R, Bauer C, Blum W, Brown D, Cattaneo P, Dehning B, Dietl H, Dydak F, Frank M, Halley AW, Jakobs K, Lauber J, Lütjens G, Lutz G, Männer W, Moser HG, Richter R, Schröder J, Schwarz AS, Settles R, Seywerd H, Stierlin U, Stiegler U, Denis RS, Wolf G, Alemany R, Boucrot J, Callot O, Cordier A, Davier M, Duflot L, Grivaz JF, Heusse P, Janot P, Kim DW, Diberder F, Lefrançois J, Lutz AM, Musolino G, Schune MH, Veillet JJ, Videau I, Abbaneo D, Bagliesi G, Batignani G, Bottigli U, Bozzi C, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Ciocci MA, Ciulli V, Dell'Orso R, Ferrante I, Fidecaro F, Foa L, Forti F, Giassi A, Giorgi MA, Gregorio A, Ligabue F, Lusiani A, Marrocchesi PS, Martin EB, Messineo A, Palla F, Rizzo G, Sanguinetti G, Spagnolo P, Steinberger J, Tenchini R, Tonelli G, Triggiani G, Valassi A, Vannini C, Venturi A, Verdini PG, Walsh J, Betteridge AP, Green MG, Johnson DL, March PV, Medcalf T, Mir LM, Quazi IS, Strong JA, Bertin V, Botterill DR, Clifft RW, Edgecock TR, Haywood S, Edwards M, Norton PR, Thompson JC, Bloch-Devaux B, Colas P, Duarte H, Emery S, Kozanecki W, Lançon E, Lemaire MC, Locci E, Marx B, Perez P, Rander J, Renardy JF, Rosowsky A, Roussarie A, Schuller JP, Schwindling J, Mohand D, Vallage B, Johnson RP, Litke AM, Taylor G, Wear J, Babbage W, Beddall E, Booth CN, Cartwright S, Combley F, Dawson I, Rankin C, Thompson LF, Böhrer A, Brandt S, Cowan G, Feigl E, Grupen C, Lutters G, Minguet-Rodriguez J, Rivera F, Saraiva P, Schäfer U, Smolik L, Bosisio L, Della Marina R, Giannini G, Gobbo B, Pitis L, Ragusa F, Bellantoni L, Chen W, Conway JS, Feng Z, Ferguson DPS, Gao YS, Grahl J, Harton JL, Hayes OJ, Hu H, Nachtman JM, Pan YB, Saadi Y, Schmitt M, Scott I, Sharma V, Turk JD, Walsh AM, Weber FV, Wu SL, Wu X, Zheng M, Yamartino JM, Zobernig G. Z production cross sections and lepton pair forward-backward asymmetries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01574159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Buskulic D, Casper D, Bonis I, Decamp D, Ghez P, Goy C, Lees JP, Minard MN, Odier P, Pietrzyk B, Ariztizabal F, Chmeissani M, Crespo JM, Efthymiopoulos I, Fernandez E, Fernandez-Bosman M, Gaitan V, Garrido L, Martinez M, Mattison T, Orteu S, Pacheco A, Padilla C, Palla F, Pascual A, Perlas JA, Teubert F, Creanza D, Palma M, Farilla A, Iaselli G, Maggi G, Marinelli N, Natali S, Nuzzo S, Ranieri A, Raso G, Romano F, Ruggieri F, Selvaggi G, Silvestris L, Tempesta P, Zito G, Chai Y, Huang D, Huang X, Lin J, Wang T, Xie Y, Xu D, Xu R, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao W, Bonvicini G, Boudreau J, Comas P, Coyle P, Drevermann H, Engelhardt A, Forty RW, Ganis G, Gay C, Girone M, Hagelberg R, Harvey J, Jacobsen R, Jost B, Knobloch J, Lehraus I, Maggi M, Markou C, Mato P, Meinhard H, Minten A, Miquel R, Palazzi P, Pater JR, Perrodo P, Pusztaszeri JF, Ranjard F, Rolandi L, Rothberg J, Saich M, Schlatter D, Schmelling M, Tejessy W, Tomalin IR, Veenhof R, Venturi A, Wachsmuth H, Wasserbaech S, Wiedenmann W, Wildish T, Witzeling W, Wotschack J, Ajaltouni Z, Bardadin-Otwinowska M, Barres A, Boyer C, Falvard A, Gay P, Guicheney C, Henrard P, Jousset J, Michel B, Montret JC, Pallin D, Perret P, Podlyski F, Proriol J, Saadi F, Fearnley T, Hansen JB, Hansen JD, Hansen JR, Hansen PH, Johnson SD, Møllerud R, Nilsson BS, Kyriakis A, Simopoulou E, Siotis I, Vayaki A, Zachariadou K, Blondel A, Bonneaud G, Brient JC, Bourdon P, Passalacqua L, Rougé A, Rumpf M, Tanaka R, Valassi A, Verderi M, Videau H, Candlin DJ, Parsons MI, Veitch E, Focardi E, Parrini G, Corden M, Delfino M, Georgiopoulos C, Jaffe DE, Levinthal D, Antonelli A, Bencivenni G, Bologna G, Bossi F, Campana P, Capon G, Cerutti F, Chiarella V, Felici G, Laurelli P, Mannocchi G, Murtas F, Murtas GP, Pepe-Altarelli M, Salomone S, Colrain P, Have I, Knowles IG, Lynch JG, Maitland W, Morton WT, Raine C, Reeves P, Scarr JM, Smith K, Smith MG, Thompson AS, Thorn S, Turnbull RM, Becker U, Braun O, Geweniger C, Hanke P, Hepp V, Kluge EE, Putzer A, Rensch B, Schmidt M, Stenzel H, Tittel K, Wunsch M, Beuselinck R, Binnie DM, Cameron W, Cattaneo M, Colling DJ, Dornan PJ, Hassard JF, Konstantinidis N, Moneta L, Moutoussi A, Nash J, Payne DG, Martin GS, Sedgbeer JK, Wright AG, Girtler P, Kuhn D, Rudolph G, Vogl R, Bowdery CK, Brodbeck TJ, Finch AJ, Foster F, Hughes G, Jackson D, Keemer NR, Nuttall M, Patel A, Sloan T, Snow SW, Whelan EP, Galla A, Greene AM, Kleinknecht K, Raab J, Renk B, Sander HG, Schmidt H, Walther SM, Wanke R, Wolf B, Bencheikh AM, Benchouk C, Bonissent A, Calvet D, Carr J, Diaconu C, Etienne F, Nicod D, Payre P, Roos L, Rousseau D, Schwemling P, Talby M, Adlung S, Assmann R, Bauer C, Blum W, Brown D, Cattaneo P, Dehning B, Dietl H, Dydak F, Frank M, Halley AW, Jakobs K, Kroha H, Lauber J, Lütjens G, Lutz G, Männer W, Moser HG, Richter R, Schael S, Schröder J, Schwarz AS, Settles R, Seywerd H, Stierlin U, Stiegler U, Denis RS, Wolf G, Alemany R, Boucrot J, Callot O, Cordier A, Courault F, Davier M, Duflot L, Grivaz JF, Heusse P, Janot P, Jacquet M, Kim DW, Diberder F, Lefrançois J, Lutz AM, Musolino G, Nikolic I, Park HJ, Park IC, Simion S, Schune MH, Veillet JJ, Videau I, Abbaneo D, Bagliesi G, Batignani G, Bottigli U, Bozzi C, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Ciocci MA, Ciulli V, Dell'Orso R, Ferrante I, Fidecaro F, Foà L, Forti F, Giassi A, Giorgi MA, Gregorio A, Ligabue F, Lusiani A, Marrocchesi PS, Martin EB, Messineo A, Rizzo G, Sanguinetti G, Spagnolo P, Steinberger J, Tenchini R, Tonelli G, Triggiani G, Vannini C, Verdini PG, Walsh J, Betteridge AP, Gao Y, Green MG, Johnson DL, March PV, Medcalf T, Mir LM, Quazi IS, Strong JA, Bertin V, Botterill DR, Clifft RW, Edgecock TR, Haywood S, Edwards M, Norton PR, Thompson JC, Bloch-Devaux B, Colas P, Duarte H, Emery S, Kozanecki W, Lançon E, Lemaire MC, Locci E, Marx B, Perez P, Rander J, Renardy JF, Rosowsky A, Roussarie A, Schuller JP, Schwindling J, Mohand D, Vallage B, Johnson RP, Litke AM, Taylor G, Wear J, Beddall A, Booth CN, Cartwright S, Combley F, Dawson I, Koksal A, Rankin C, Thompson LF, Böhrer A, Brandt S, Cowan G, Feigl E, Grupen C, Lutters G, Minguet-Rodriguez J, Rivera F, Saraiva P, Schäfer U, Smolik L, Bosisio L, Marina R, Giannini G, Gobbo B, Pitis L, Ragusa F, Bellantoni L, Conway JS, Feng Z, Ferguson DPS, Gao YS, Grahl J, Harton JL, Hayes OJ, Hu H, Nachtman JM, Pan YB, Saadi Y, Schmitt M, Scott I, Sharma V, Turk JD, Walsh AM, Weber FV, Wu SL, Wu X, Yamartino JM, Zheng M, Zobernig G. Production ofK 0 and Λ in hadronic Z decays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01560096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
18
|
Buskulic D, Casper D, Bonis I, Decamp D, Ghez P, Goy C, Lees JP, Minard MN, Odier P, Pietrzyk B, Ariztizabal F, Comas P, Crespo JM, Efthymiopoulos I, Fernandez E, Fernandez-Bosman M, Gaitan V, Garrido L, Martinez M, Mattison T, Ortreu S, Pacheco A, Padilla C, Pascual A, Creanza D, Palma M, Farilla A, Iaselli G, Maggi G, Marinelli N, Natali S, Nuzzo S, Ranieri A, Raso G, Romano F, Ruggieri F, Selvaggi G, Silvestris L, Tempesta P, Zito G, Chai Y, Huang D, Huang X, Lin J, Wang T, Xie Y, Xu D, Xu R, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao W, Bonvicini G, Boudreau J, Drevermann H, Forty RW, Ganis G, Gay C, Girone M, Hagelberg R, Harvey J, Hilgart J, Jacobsen R, Jost B, Knobloch J, Lehraus I, Maggi M, Markou C, Mato P, Meinhard H, Minten A, Miquel R, Palazzi P, Pater JR, Perlas JA, Perrodo P, Pusztaszeri JF, Ranjard F, Rolandi L, Rothberg J, Ruan T, Saich M, Schlatter D, Schmelling M, Sefkow F, Tejessy W, Tomalin IR, Veenhof R, Wachsmuth H, Wasserbaech S, Wiedenmann W, Wildish T, Witzeling W, Wotschack J, Ajaltouni Z, Bardadin-Otwinowska M, Barres A, Boyer C, Falvard A, Gay P, Guicheney C, Henrard P, Jousset J, Michel B, Montret JC, Pallin D, Perret P, Podlyski F, Proriol J, Saadi F, Fearnley T, Hansen JB, Hansen JD, Hansen JR, Hansen PH, Johnson SD, Møllerud R, Nilsson BS, Kyriakis A, Simopoulou E, Siotis I, Vayaki A, Zachariadou K, Badier J, Blondel A, Bonneaud G, Brient JC, Bourdon B, Fouque G, Passalacqua L, Rougé A, Rumpf M, Tanaka R, Verderi M, Videau H, Candlin DJ, Parsons MI, Veitch E, Focardi E, Moneta L, Parrini G, Corden M, Delfino M, Georgiopoulos C, Jaffe DE, Levinthal D, Antonelli A, Bencivenni G, Bologna G, Bossi F, Campana P, Capon G, Cerutti F, Chiarella V, Felici G, Laurelli P, Mannocchi G, Murtas F, Murtas GP, Pepe-Altarelli M, Salomone S, Colrain P, Have I, Knowles IG, Lynch JG, Maitland W, Morton WT, Raine C, Reeves P, Scarr JM, Smith K, Smith MG, Thompson AS, Thorn S, Turnbull RM, Becker U, Braun O, Geweniger C, Hanke P, Hepp V, Kluge EE, Putzer A, Rensch B, Schmidt M, Stenzel H, Tittel K, Wunsch M, Beuselinck R, Binnie DM, Cameron W, Cattaneo M, Colling DJ, Dornan PJ, Hassard JF, Konstantinidis N, Moutoussi A, Nash J, Payne DG, Martin G, Sedgbeer JK, Wright AG, Girtler P, Kuhn D, Rudolph G, Vogl R, Bowdery CK, Brodbeck TJ, Finch AJ, Foster F, Hughes G, Jackson D, Keemer NR, Nuttall M, Patel A, Sloan T, Snow SW, Whelan EP, Galla A, Greene AM, Kleinknecht K, Raab J, Renk B, Sander HG, Schmidt H, Walther SM, Wanke R, Wolf B, Bencheikh AM, Benchouk C, Bonissent A, Calvet D, Carr J, Coyle P, Diaconu C, Etienne F, Nicod D, Payre P, Roos L, Rousseau D, Schwemling P, Talby M, Adlung S, Assmann R, Bauer C, Blum W, Brown D, Cattaneo P, Dehning B, Dietl H, Dydak F, Frank M, Halley AW, Jakobs K, Lauber J, Lütjens G, Lutz G, Männer W, Moser HG, Richter R, Schröder J, Schwarz AS, Settles R, Seywerd H, Stierlin U, Stiegler U, Denis RS, Wolf G, Alemany R, Boucrot J, Callot O, Cordier A, Davier M, Duflot L, Grivaz JF, Heusse P, Janot P, Kim DW, Diberder F, Lefrançois J, Lutz AM, Musolino G, Schune MH, Veillet JJ, Videau I, Abbaneo D, Bagliesi G, Batignani G, Bottigli U, Bozzi C, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Ciocci MA, Ciulli V, Dell'Orso R, Ferrante I, Fidecaro F, Foa L, Forti F, Giassi A, Giorgi MA, Gregorio A, Ligabue F, Lusiani A, Marrocchesi PS, Martin EB, Messineo A, Palla F, Rizzo G, Sanguinetti G, Spagnolo P, Steinberger J, Tenchini R, Tonelli G, Triggiani G, Valassi A, Vannini C, Venturi A, Verdini PG, Walsh J, Betteridge AP, Gao Y, Green MG, Johnson DL, March PV, Medcalf T, Mir LM, Quazi IS, Strong JA, Bertin V, Botterill DR, Clifft RW, Edgecock TR, Haywood S, Edwards M, Norton PR, Thompson JC, Bloch-Devaux B, Colas P, Duarte H, Emery S, Kozanecki W, Lançon E, Lemaire MC, Locci E, Marx B, Perez P, Rander J, Renardy JF, Rosowsky A, Roussarie A, Schuller JP, Schwindling J, Mohand D, Vallage B, Johnson RP, Litke AM, Taylor G, Wear J, Babbage W, Booth CN, Buttar C, Cartwright S, Combley F, Dawson I, Thompson LF, Böhrer A, Brandt S, Cowan G, Feigl E, Grupen C, Lutters G, Minguet-Rodriguez J, Rivera F, Saraiva P, Schäfer U, Smolik L, Bosisio L, Marina RD, Giannini G, Gobbo B, Pitis L, Ragusa F, Bellantoni L, Chen W, Conway JS, Feng Z, Ferguson DPS, Gao YS, Grahl J, Harton JL, Hayes OJ, Hu H, Nachtman JM, Pan YB, Saadi Y, Schmitt M, Scott I, Sharma V, Turk JD, Walsh AM, Weber FV, Wu SL, Wu X, Yamartino JM, Zheng M, Zobernig G. Heavy flavour production and decay with prompt leptons in the ALEPH detector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01560237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
White HB, Streets K, Boca G, Georgiopoulos C, Goldman JH, Hagopian S, Hagopian V, Johnson KF, Levinthal D, Lopez F, Sawyer HL, Streets J, Crisler M, Lathrop A, Pordes S, Cummings M, Gustafson HR. Massive hadron pair production by 800 GeV/c protons on nuclear targets. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1993; 48:3996-4006. [PMID: 10016679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.48.3996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
20
|
Buskulic D, Decamp D, Goy C, Lees JP, Minard MN, Mours B, Pietrzyk B, Alemany R, Ariztizabal F, Comas P, Crespo JM, Delfino M, Fernandez E, Fernandez-Bosman M, Gaitan V, Garrido L, Mattison T, Pacheco A, Padilla C, Pascual A, Creanza D, Palma M, Farilla A, Iaselli G, Maggi G, Maggi M, Natali S, Nuzzo S, Quattromini M, Ranieri A, Raso G, Romano F, Ruggieri F, selvaggi G, Silvestris L, Tempesta P, Zito G, Chai Y, Hu H, Huang D, Huang X, Lin J, Wang T, Xie Y, Xu D, Xu R, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao W, Bauerdick LAT, Blucher E, Bonvicini G, Boudreau J, Casper D, Drevermann H, Forty RW, Ganis G, Gay C, Hagelberg R, Harvey J, Haywood S, Hilgart J, Jacobsen R, Jost B, Knobloch J, Lehraus I, Lohse T, Lusiani A, Martinez M, Mato P, Meinhard H, Minten A, Miotto A, Miquel R, Moser HG, Palazzi P, Perlas JA, Pusztaszeri JF, Ranjard F, Redlinger G, Rolandi L, Rothberg J, Ruan T, Saich M, Schlatter D, Schmelling M, Sefkow F, Tejessy W, Wachsmuth H, Wiedenmann W, Wildish T, Witzeling W, Wotschack J, Ajaltouni Z, Badaud F, Bardadin-Otwinowska M, Fellous R, Falvard A, Gay P, Guicheney C, Henrard P, Jousset J, Michel B, Montret JC, Pallin D, Perret P, Podlyski F, Proriol J, Prulhière F, Saadi F, Fearnley T, Hansen JD, Hansen JR, Hansen PH, Møllerud R, Nilsson BS, Efthymiopoulos I, Kyriakis A, Simopoulou E, Vayaki A, Zachariadou K, Badier J, Blondel A, Bonneaud G, Brient JC, Fouque G, Orteu S, Rougé A, Rumpf M, Tanaka R, Verderi M, Videau H, Candlin DJ, Parsons MI, Veitch E, Moneta L, Parrini G, Corden M, Georgiopoulos C, Ikeda M, Lannutti J, Levinthal D, Mermikides M, Sawyer L, Wasserbaech S, Antonelli A, Baldini R, Bencivenni G, Bologna G, Bossi F, Campana P, Capon G, Cerutti F, Chiarella V, D'Ettorre-Piazzoli B, Felici G, Laurelli P, Mannocchi G, Murtas F, Murtas GP, Passalacqua L, Pepe-Altarelli M, Picchi P, Colrain P, Have I, Lynch JG, Maitland W, Morton WT, Raine C, Reeves P, Scarr JM, Smith K, Smith MG, Thompson AS, Turnbull RM, Brandl B, Braun O, Geweniger C, Hanke P, Hepp V, Kluge EE, Maumary Y, Putzer A, Rensch B, Stahl A, Tittel K, Wunsch M, Belk AT, Beuselinck R, Binnie DM, Cameron W, Cattaneo M, Colling DJ, Dornan PJ, Dugeay S, Greene AM, Hassard JF, Lieske NM, Nash J, Payne DG, Phillips MJ, Sedgbeer JK, Tomalin IR, Wright AG, Girtler P, Kneringer E, Kuhn D, Rudolph G, Bowdery CK, Brodbeck TJ, Finch AJ, Foster F, Hughes G, Jackson D, Keemer NR, Nuttall M, Patel A, Sloan T, Snow SW, Whelan EP, Kleinknecht K, Raab J, Renk B, Sander HG, Schmidt H, Steeg F, Walther SM, Wanke R, Wolf B, Adlung S, Assmann R, Bauer C, Blum W, Brown D, Cattaneo P, Dehning B, Dietl H, Dydak F, Frank M, Halley AW, Lauber J, Lütjens G, Lutz G, Männer W, Richter R, Rotscheidt H, Schröder J, Schwarz AS, Settles R, Seywerd H, Stierlin U, Stiegler U, Denis RS, Wolf G, Boucrot J, Callot O, Cordier A, Davier M, Duflot L, Grivaz JF, Heusse P, Jaffe DE, Janot P, Kim DW, Diberder F, Lefrançois J, Lutz AM, Schune MH, Veillet JJ, Videau I, Zhang Z, Abbaneo D, Bagliesi G, Batignani G, Bosisio L, Bottigli U, Bozzi C, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Ciocci MA, Dell'Orso R, Ferrante I, Fidecaro F, Foà L, Focardi E, Forti F, Giassi A, Giorgi MA, Gregorio A, Ligabue F, Mannelli EB, Marrocchesi PS, Messineo A, Palla F, Rizzo G, Sanguinetti G, Spagnolo P, Steinberger J, Tenchini R, Tonelli G, Griggiani G, Vannini C, Venturi A, Verdini PG, Walsh J, Betteridge AP, Carter JM, Green MG, March PV, Mir LM, Medcalf T, Quazi IS, Strong JA, West LR, Aubert JJ, Bencheikh AM, Benchouk C, Bonissent A, Carr J, Coyle P, Drinkard J, Etienne F, Nicod D, Papalexiou S, Payre P, Roos L, Rousseau D, Schwemling P, Talby M, Botterill DR, Clift RW, Edgecock TR, Edwards M, Fisher SM, Jones TJ, Norton PR, Salmon DP, Thompson JC, Bloch-Devaux B, Colas P, Duarte H, Kozanecki W, Lançon E, Lemaire MC, Locci E, Perez P, Perrier F, Rander J, Renardy JF, Rosowsky A, Roussarie A, Schuller JP, Schwindling J, Mohand D, Vallage B, Johnson RP, Litke AM, Taylor G, Wear J, Ashman JG, Babbage W, Booth CN, Buttar C, Carney RE, Cartwright S, Combley F, Hatfied F, Thompson LF, Barberio E, Böhrer A, Brandt S, Cowan G, Grupen C, Lutters G, Rivera F, Schäfer U, Smolik L, Della Marina R, Giannini G, Gobbo B, Ragusa F, Bellantoni L, Chen W, Cinabro D, Conway JS, Cowen DF, Feng Z, Ferguson DPS, Gao YS, Grahl J, Harton JL, Jared RC, LeClaire BW, Lishka C, Pan YB, Pater JR, Saadi Y, Sharma V, Schmitt M, Shi ZH, Walsh AM, Weber FV, Sau Lan Wu, Wu X, Zheng M, Zobernig G. Update of electroweak parameters fromZ decays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01650432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Buskulic D, Decamp D, Goy C, Lees JP, Minard MN, Mours B, Alemany R, Ariztizabal F, Comas P, Crespo JM, Delfino M, Fernandez E, Gaitan V, Garrido L, Mir LM, Pacheco A, Pascual A, Creanza D, Plama M, Farilla A, Iaselli G, Maggi G, Maggi M, Natali S, Nuzzo S, Quattromini M, Ranieri A, Raso G, Romano F, Ruggieri F, Selvaggi G, Silvestris L, Tempesta P, Zito G, Gao Y, Hu H, Huang D, Huang X, Lin J, Lou J, Qiao C, Wang T, Xie Y, Xu D, Xu R, Zhang J, Zhao W, Atwood WB, Bauerdick LAT, Blucher E, Bonvicini G, Bossi F, Boudreau J, Burnett TH, Drevermann H, Forty RW, Hagelberg R, Harvey J, Haywood S, Hilgart J, Jacobsen R, Jost B, Knobloch J, Lan�on E, Lehraus I, Lohse T, Lusiani A, Martinez M, Mato P, Mattison T, Meinhard H, Menary S, Meyer T, Minten A, Miotto A, Miquel R, Moser HG, Nash J, Palazzi P, Perlas JA, Ranjard G, Redlinger G, Rolandi L, Roth A, Rothberg J, Ruan T, Saich M, Schlatter D, Schmelling M, Sefkow F, Tejessy W, Wachsmuth H, Wiedenmann W, Wildish T, Witzeling W, Wotschak J, Ajaltouni Z, Badaud F, Bardadin-Otwinowska M, Bencheikh AM, Fellous R, Falvard A, Gay P, Guicheney C, Henrard P, Jousset J, Michel B, Montret JC, Pallin D, Perret P, Pietrzyk B, Proriol J, Preulhi�re F, Stimpfl G, Fearnley T, Hansen JD, Hansen JR, Hansen PH, M�llerud R, Nilsson BS, Efthymiopoulos I, Kyriakis A, simopoulou E, Vayaki A, Zachariadou K, Badier J, Blondel A, Bonneaud G, Brient JC, Fouque G, Gamess A, Orteu S, Rosowsky A, Roug� A, Rumpf M, Tanaka R, Videau H, Candlin DJ, Parsons MI, Veitch E, Moneta L, Parrini G, Corden M, Georgiopoulos C, Ikeda M, Lannutti J, Levinthal D, Mermikides M, Sawyer L, Wasserbaech S, Antonelli A, Baldini R, Bencivenni G, Bologna G, Campana P, Capon G, Cerutti F, Chiarella V, D'Ettorre-Piazzoli B, Felici G, Laurelli G, Mannocchi G, Murtas F, Murtas GP, Passalacqua L, Pepe-Altarelli M, Picchi P, Altoon B, Boyle O, Colrain P, Have I, Lynch JG, Maitland W, Morton WT, Raine C, Scarr JM, Smith K, Thompson AS, Turnbull RM, Brandl B, Braun O, Geiges R, Geweniger C, Hanke P, Hepp V, Kluge EE, Maumary Y, Putzer A, Rensch B, Stahl A, Tittel K, Wunsch M, Belk AT, Beuselinck R, Binnie DM, Cameron W, Cattaneo M, Colling DJ, Dornan PJ, Dugeay S, Greene AM, Hassard JF, Lieske NM, Patton SJ, Payne DG, Phillips MJ, Sedgbeer JK, Tomalin IR, Wright AG, Kneringer E, Kuhn D, Rudolph G, Bowdery CK, Brodbeck TJ, Finch AJ, Foster F, Hughes G, Jackson D, Keemer NR, Nuttall M, Patel A, Sloan T, Snow SW, Whelan EP, Barczewski T, Kleinknecht K, Raab J, Renk B, Roehn S, Sander HG, Schmidt H, Steeg F, Walther SM, Wolf B, Aubert JJ, Benchouk C, Bernard V, Bonissent A, Carr J, Coyle P, Drinkard J, Etienne F, Papalexiou S, Payre P, Qian Z, Rousseau D, Schwemling P, Talby M, Adlung S, Becker H, Blum W, Brown D, Cattaneo P, Cowan G, Dehning B, Dietl H, Dydak F, Fernandez-Bosman M, Frank M, Halley AW, Hansl-Kozanecka T, Lauber J, L�tjens G, Lutz G, M�nner W, Pan Y, Richter R, Rotscheidt H, Schr�der J, Schwarz AS, Settles R, Stierlin U, Stiegler U, Denis RS, Takashima M, Thomas J, Wolf G, Bertin V, Boucrot J, Callot O, Chen X, Cordier A, Davier M, Grivaz JF, Heusse P, Janot P, Kim DW, Diberder F, Lefran�ois J, Lutz AM, Schune MH, Veillet JJ, Videau I, Zhang Z, Zomer F, Abbaneo D, Amendolia SR, Bagliesi G, Batignani G, Bosisio L, Bottigli U, Bradaschia C, Carpinelli M, Ciocci MA, Dell'Orso R, Ferrante I, Fidecaro F, Fo� L, Focardi E, Forti F, Giassi A, Giorgi MA, Ligabue F, Mannelli EB, Marrocchesi PS, Messineo A, Palla F, Rizzo G, Sanguinetti G, Steinberger J, Technini R, Tonelli G, Triggiani G, Vannini C, Venturi A, Verdini PG, Walsh J, Carter JM, Green MG, March PV, Medcalf T, Quazi IS, Strong JA, West LR, Botterill DR, Clifft RW, Edgecock TR, Edwards M, Fisher SM, Jones TJ, Norton PR, Salmon DP, Thompson JC, Bloch-Devaux B, Colas P, Kozanecki W, Lemaire MC, Locci E, Loucatos S, Monnier E, Perez P, Perrier F, Rander J, Renardy JF, Roussarie A, Schuller JP, Schwindling J, Mohand D, Vallage B, Johnson RP, Litke AM, Taylor G, Wear J, Ashman JG, Babbage W, Booth CN, Buttar C, Carney RE, Cartwright S, Combley F, Hatfield F, Reeves P, Thompson LF, Barberio E, Brandt S, Grupen C, Mirabito L, Sch�fer U, Seywerd H, Ganis G, Giannini G, Gobbo B, Ragusa F, Bellantoni L, Cinabro D, Conway JS, Cowen DF, Feng Z, Ferguson DPS, Grahl J, Harton JL, Jared RC, LeClaire BW, Lishka C, Pater JR, Saadi Y, Sharma V, Schmitt M, Shi ZH, Tang YH, Walsh AM, Weber FV, Whitney MH, Wu SL, Wu X, Zobernig G. Properties of hadronicZ decays and test of QCD generators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01482583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Decamp D, Deschizeaux B, Goy C, Lees JP, Minard MN, Alemany R, Crespo JM, Delfino M, Fernandez E, Gaitan V, Garrido L, Mir LM, Pacheco A, Catanesi MG, Creanza D, Palma M, Farilla A, Iaselli G, Maggi G, Maggi M, Natali S, Nuzzo S, Quattromini M, Ranieri A, Raso G, Romano F, Ruggieri F, Selvaggi G, Silvestris L, Tempesta P, Zito G, Gao Y, Hu H, Huang D, Huang X, Lin J, Lou J, Qiao C, Ruan T, Wang T, Xie Y, Xu D, Xu R, Zhang J, Zhao W, Atwood WB, Bauerdick LAT, Bird F, Blucher E, Bonyicini G, Bossi F, Boudreau J, Brown D, Burnett TH, Drevermann H, Forty RW, Grab C, Hagelberg R, Haywood S, Hilgart J, Jost B, Kasemann M, Knobloch J, Lacourt A, Lan�on E, Lehraus I, Lohse T, Lusiani A, Marchioro A, Martinez M, Mato P, Menary S, Minten A, Miotto A, Miquel R, Moser HG, Nash J, Palazzi P, Ranjard F, Redlinger G, Roth A, Rothberg J, Rotscheidt H, Saich M, Denis RS, Schlatter D, Takashima M, Talby M, Tejessy W, Wachsmuth H, Wasserbaech S, Wheeler S, Wiedenmann W, Witzeling W, Wotschack J, Ajaltouni Z, Bardadin-Otwinowska M, Fellous R, Falvard A, Gay P, Harvey J, Henrard P, Jousset J, Michel B, Montret JC, Pallin D, Perret P, Proriol J, Prulhi�re F, Stimpfl G, Hansen JD, Hansen JR, Hansen PH, M�llerud R, Nilsson BS, Efthymiopoulos I, Simopoulou E, Vayaki A, Badier J, Blondel A, Bonneaud G, Bourotte J, Braems F, Brient JC, Fouque G, Gamess A, Guirlet R, Orteu S, Rosowsky A, Roug� A, Rumpf M, Tanaka R, Videau H, Candlin DJ, Veitch E, Parrini G, Corden M, Georgiopoulos C, Ikeda M, Lannutti J, Levinthal D, Mermikides M, Sawyer L, Antonelli A, Baldini R, Bencivenni G, Bologna G, Campana P, Capon G, Cerutti F, Chiarella V, D'Ettorre-Piazzoli B, Felici G, Laurelli P, Mannocchi G, Murtas F, Murtas GP, Nicoletti G, Passalacqua L, Pepe-Altarelli M, Picchi P, Zografou P, Altoon B, Boyle O, Halley AW, Have I, Hearns JL, Lynch JG, Morton WT, Raine C, Scarr JM, Smith K, Thompson AS, Turnbull RM, Brandl B, Braun O, Geiges R, Geweniger C, Hanke P, Hepp V, Kluge EE, Maumary Y, Putzer A, Rensch B, Stahl A, Tittel K, Wunsch M, Belk AT, Beuselinck R, Binnie DM, Cameron W, Cattaneo M, Dornan PJ, Dugeay S, Greene AM, Hassard JF, Lieske NM, Patton SJ, Payne DG, Phillips MJ, Sedgbeer JK, Taylor G, Tomalin IR, Wright AG, Girtler P, Kuhn D, Rudolph G, Bowdery CK, Brodbeck TJ, Finch AJ, Foster F, Hughes G, Keemer NR, Nuttall M, Patel A, Rowlingson BS, Sloan T, Snow SW, Whelan EP, Barczewski T, Kleinknecht K, Raab J, Renk B, Roehn S, Sander HG, Schmelling M, Schmidt H, Steeg F, Walther SM, Wolf B, Albanese JP, Aubert JJ, Benchouk C, Bernard V, Bonissent A, Courvoisier D, Etienne F, Papalexiou S, Payre P, Pietrzyk B, Qian Z, Becker H, Blum W, Cattaneo P, Cowan G, Dehning B, Dietl H, Dydak F, Fernandez-Bosman M, Hansl-Kozanecka T, Jahn A, Kozanecki W, Lange E, Lauber J, L�tjens G, Lutz G, M�nner W, Pan Y, Richter R, Schr�der J, Schwarz AS, Settles R, Stierlin U, Thomas J, Wolf G, Bertin V, Boucrot J, Callot O, Chen X, Cordier A, Davier M, Ganis G, Grivaz JF, Heusse P, Janot P, Kim DW, Diberder F, Lefran�ois J, Lutz AM, Veillet JJ, Videau I, Zhang Z, Zomer F, Abbaneo D, Amendolia SR, Bagliesi G, Batignani G, Bosisio L, Bottigli U, Bradaschia C, Carpinelli M, Ciocci MA, Dell'Orso R, Ferrante I, Fidecaro F, Fo� L, Focardi E, Forti F, Gatto C, Giassi A, Giorgi MA, Ligabue F, Mannelli EB, Marrocchesi PS, Messineo A, Moneta L, Palla F, Sanguinetti G, Steinberger J, Tenchini R, Tonelli G, Triggiani G, Vannini C, Venturi A, Verdini PG, Walsh J, Carter JM, Green MG, March PV, Medcalf T, Quazi IS, Strong JA, Thomas RM, West LR, Wildish T, Botterill DR, Clifft RW, Edgecock TR, Edwards M, Fisher SM, Jones TJ, Norton PR, Salmon DP, Thompson JC, Bloch-Devaux B, Colas P, Klopfenstein C, Locci E, Loucatos S, Monnier E, Perez P, Perlas JA, Perrier F, Rander J, Renardy JF, Roussarie A, Schuller JP, Schwindling J, Vallage B, Ashman JG, Booth CN, Buttar C, Carney R, Cartwright S, Combley F, Dinsdale M, Dogru M, Hatfield F, Martin J, Parker D, Reeves P, Thompson LF, Barberio E, Brandt S, Burkhardt H, Grupen C, Meinhard H, Mirabito L, Sch�fer U, Seywerd H, Apollinari G, Giannini G, Gobbo B, Liello F, Ragusa F, Rolandi L, Stiegler U, Bellantoni L, Cinabro D, Conway JS, Cowen DF, Feng Z, Ferguson DPS, Gao YS, Grahl J, Harton JL, Jacobsen JE, Jared RC, Johnson RP, Claire BW, Pan YB, Pater JR, Saadi Y, Sharma V, Shi ZH, Tang YH, Walsh AM, Wear JA, Weber FV, Whitney MH, Wu SL, Zobernig G. Improved measurements of electroweak parameters fromZ decays into fermion pairs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01483868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
23
|
Streets K, Boca G, Georgiopoulos C, Goldman JH, Hagopian S, Hagopian V, Johnson KF, Kaplan DM, Levinthal D, Lopez F, Sawyer HL, Streets J, White HB, Young C, Crisler M, Lathrop A, Pordes S, Volk J, Cummings M, Gustafson HR. Atomic-weight dependence of the production of hadron pairs by 800-GeV/c protons on nuclear targets. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 66:864-867. [PMID: 10043926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|