1
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Shepherd JW, Guilbaud S, Zhou Z, Howard JAL, Burman M, Schaefer C, Kerrigan A, Steele-King C, Noy A, Leake MC. Correlating fluorescence microscopy, optical and magnetic tweezers to study single chiral biopolymers such as DNA. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2748. [PMID: 38553446 PMCID: PMC10980717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer topology is critical for determining interactions inside cell environments, exemplified by DNA where its response to mechanical perturbation is as important as biochemical properties to its cellular roles. The dynamic structures of chiral biopolymers exhibit complex dependence with extension and torsion, however the physical mechanisms underpinning the emergence of structural motifs upon physiological twisting and stretching are poorly understood due to technological limitations in correlating force, torque and spatial localization information. We present COMBI-Tweez (Combined Optical and Magnetic BIomolecule TWEEZers), a transformative tool that overcomes these challenges by integrating optical trapping, time-resolved electromagnetic tweezers, and fluorescence microscopy, demonstrated on single DNA molecules, that can controllably form and visualise higher order structural motifs including plectonemes. This technology combined with cutting-edge MD simulations provides quantitative insight into complex dynamic structures relevant to DNA cellular processes and can be adapted to study a range of filamentous biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Shepherd
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England
| | - Sebastien Guilbaud
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England
| | - Zhaokun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jamieson A L Howard
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England
| | - Matthew Burman
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England
| | - Charley Schaefer
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England
| | - Adam Kerrigan
- The York-JEOL Nanocentre, University of York, York, YO10 5BR, England
| | - Clare Steele-King
- Bioscience Technology Facility, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England
| | - Agnes Noy
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England
| | - Mark C Leake
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England.
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England.
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2
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Schaefer C, McKinley GH, McLeish TCB. Editorial: theme issue on complex rheology in biological systems. Interface Focus 2022. [PMCID: PMC9560783 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2022.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charley Schaefer
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gareth H. McKinley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | - Tom C. B. McLeish
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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3
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Connor JP, Quinn SD, Schaefer C. Sticker-and-spacer model for amyloid beta condensation and fibrillation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:962526. [PMID: 36311031 PMCID: PMC9611774 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.962526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A major pathogenic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of neurotoxic plaques composed of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in patients' brains. The pathway of plaque formation remains elusive, though some clues appear to lie in the dominant presence of Aβ1 − 42 in these plaques despite Aβ1−40 making up approximately 90% of the Aβ pool. We hypothesize that this asymmetry is driven by the hydrophobicity of the two extra amino acids that are incorporated in Aβ1−42. To investigate this hypothesis at the level of single molecules, we have developed a molecular “sticker-and-spacer lattice model” of unfolded Aβ. The model protein has a single sticker that may reversibly dimerise and elongate into semi-flexible linear chains. The growth is hampered by excluded-volume interactions that are encoded by the hydrophilic spacers but are rendered cooperative by the attractive interactions of hydrophobic spacers. For sufficiently strong hydrophobicity, the chains undergo liquid-liquid phase-separation (LLPS) into condensates that facilitate the nucleation of fibers. We find that a small fraction of Aβ1−40 in a mixture of Aβ1−40 and Aβ1−42 shifts the critical concentration for LLPS to lower values. This study provides theoretical support for the hypothesis that LLPS condensates act as a precursor for aggregation and provides an explanation for the Aβ1−42-enrichment of aggregates in terms of hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P. Connor
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jack P. Connor
| | - Steven D. Quinn
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Charley Schaefer
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Charley Schaefer
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4
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Hilliard K, Batke L, Ferrebee M, Hilliard J, Gammell R, Gluvna A, Krenicky J, Rone T, Schaefer C, Veri L, Volpi J, Gifford A, Roesch E. 92 Developing a sustainable team model in uncertain times. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Dresser L, Graham SP, Miller LM, Schaefer C, Conteduca D, Johnson S, Leake MC, Quinn SD. Tween-20 Induces the Structural Remodeling of Single Lipid Vesicles. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5341-5350. [PMID: 35678387 PMCID: PMC9208007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The solubilization of lipid membranes by Tween-20 is crucial for a number of biotechnological applications, but the mechanistic details remain elusive. Evidence from ensemble assays supports a solubilization model that encompasses surfactant association with the membrane and the release of mixed micelles to solution, but whether this process also involves intermediate transitions between regimes is unanswered. In search of mechanistic origins, increasing focus is placed on identifying Tween-20 interactions with controllable membrane mimetics. Here, we employed ultrasensitive biosensing approaches, including single-vesicle spectroscopy based on fluorescence and energy transfer from membrane-encapsulated molecules, to interrogate interactions between Tween-20 and submicrometer-sized vesicles below the optical diffraction limit. We discovered that Tween-20, even at concentrations below the critical micellar concentration, triggers stepwise and phase-dependent structural remodeling events, including permeabilization and swelling, in both freely diffusing and surface-tethered vesicles, highlighting the substantial impact the surfactant has on vesicle conformation and stability prior to lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Dresser
- Department
of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Sarah P. Graham
- Department
of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Lisa M. Miller
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, University of
York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | | | | | - Steven Johnson
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, University of
York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, University
of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Mark C. Leake
- Department
of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
- Department
of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, University
of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Steven D. Quinn
- Department
of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, University
of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
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6
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Strandberg S, Brzozowski K, Daily M, Desjarlais C, Dougherty M, Hemsworth K, Mark K, Marsho J, Mora Gallegos L, Otten E, Schaefer C, Scheidt A, Strandberg S, Toth H, Vanderhoef K, Walesa A, White T. Shut the F(AAH) Up: Inhibiting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase as a Novel Approach to Pain. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.l7533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Daily
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | | | - M. Dougherty
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | - K. Hemsworth
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | - K. Mark
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | - J. Marsho
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | | | - E. Otten
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | - C. Schaefer
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | - A. Scheidt
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | | | - H. Toth
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | | | - A. Walesa
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | - T. White
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
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7
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Dresser LG, Graham S, Conteduca D, Schaefer C, Marrison J, O'Toole PJ, Leake MC, Quinn S. Ultrasensitive detection of conformational changes in single lipid vesicles. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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8
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Nardecchia M, Katic A, Heritage R, Nageotte E, Allerton P, Meleg E, Batke L, Rone T, Schaefer C, Prunty L. 221: Implementation of a comprehensive case review and annual visit process at an adult CF center. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Jin X, Lee JE, Schaefer C, Luo X, Wollman AJM, Payne-Dwyer AL, Tian T, Zhang X, Chen X, Li Y, McLeish TCB, Leake MC, Bai F. Membraneless organelles formed by liquid-liquid phase separation increase bacterial fitness. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabh2929. [PMID: 34669478 PMCID: PMC8528417 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation is emerging as a crucial phenomenon in several fundamental cell processes. A range of eukaryotic systems exhibit liquid condensates. However, their function in bacteria, which, in general, lack membrane-bound compartments, remains less clear. Here, we used high-resolution optical microscopy to observe single bacterial aggresomes, nanostructured intracellular assemblies of proteins, to undercover their role in cell stress. We find that proteins inside aggresomes are mobile and undergo dynamic turnover, consistent with a liquid state. Our observations are in quantitative agreement with phase-separated liquid droplet formation driven by interacting proteins under thermal equilibrium that nucleate following diffusive collisions in the cytoplasm. We have found aggresomes in multiple species of bacteria and show that these emergent, metastable liquid-structured protein assemblies increase bacterial fitness by enabling cells to tolerate environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Xinwei Luo
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Alex L. Payne-Dwyer
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Tian Tian
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxing Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mark C. Leake
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- Corresponding author. (F.B.); (M.C.L.)
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. (F.B.); (M.C.L.)
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10
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Michaelsen J, Parade U, Bauerle H, Winter KD, Rauschenbach U, Mischke K, Schaefer C, Gutleben KJ, Rana O, Willich T, Schloesser M, Roetzer A, Breithardt OA, Middendorf S, Hoffmann R. Cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation in low and medium volume hospitals – experiences of the German REGIONAL registry. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using cryoballoon ablation (CBA) has become an established and widespread procedure for the treatment of symptomatic paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). The safety and efficacy of PVI at low and medium volume hospitals is unknown.
Aim
To determine safety and acute efficacy of PVI using CBA performed at community hospitals with limited annual case numbers.
Methods
This registry study prospectively included 1004 consecutive patients who underwent PVI with CBA for symptomatic paroxysmal (n=563) or persistent AF (n=441) between 01/2019 and 09/2020 at 20 community hospitals (each performing <100 PVI/year). Qualifying criteria for participating hospitals were an experience of performing CBA for at least 1 year and a minimum of 50 CBA performed up to the start of the registry. All CBA procedures were performed according to the individual local standards of each hospital. Procedural data, acute efficacy and complications were determined.
Results
The mean annual number of CBA procedures performed was 59±26/hospital, the mean annual number of PVI performed regardless of the method used was 70±26/center. 8/20 hospitals performed CBA only. There were 22 operators (1,1/center), in 12/20 hospitals CBA was performed by an operator being board certified in invasive electrophysiology. 10/20 hospitals included <60 patients/center (n=381), the centers enrolling >60 patients/hospital included a total of 623 pts (62%). Mean procedure time was 90.1±31.6 min, mean fluoroscopy time was 19.2±11.4 min. Isolation of all pulmonary veins could be achieved in 97.9% of patients. Not achieving the goal of “all veins isolated” in a respective patient was mainly due to early termination of CBA procedure due to phrenic nerve palsy.
Major complications occurred in 1,2% of patients: no in-hospital death (0%), clinical stroke in 2 patients (0.2%), pericardial effusion requiring pericardial drainage in 2 patients (0,2%), vascular complications needing vascular surgery and/or blood transfusion in 2 patients (0,2%), phrenic nerve palsy persisting up to hospital discharge in 6 patients (0,6%). Minor complications occurred in 7,5% of patients: pericardial effusion with no need of intervention in 0,4%, access site complications with no need for therapeutic intervention or prolonged in-hospital stay in 2,1% (mainly superficial hematoma) and phrenic nerve palsy resolving before discharge in 4,2%.
No significant difference in the number of complications could be found when testing for numbers of enrolled patients (> or < than 60/hospital) or regarding the board certification status of the operator.
Conclusions
PVI for paroxysmal or persistent AF using CBA can be performed at community hospitals with high acute efficacy and low complication rates despite low and moderate annual procedure numbers.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - U Parade
- Hospital - Rems-Murr Kliniken gGmbH, Winnenden, Germany
| | - H Bauerle
- Klinikum Friedrichshafen GmbH, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | | | | | - K Mischke
- Leopoldina Hospital, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - C Schaefer
- Elbe Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude, Germany
| | | | - O.R Rana
- Helios St. Marienberg Helmstedt, Helmstedt, Germany
| | - T Willich
- Kardiologische Gemeinschaftspraxis Brilon, Brilon, Germany
| | - M Schloesser
- Dreifaltigkeits-Hospital gGmbH, Lippstadt, Germany
| | - A Roetzer
- medius Klinik Ostfildern, Ostfildern, Germany
| | | | | | - R Hoffmann
- St. Bonifatius Hospital, Lingen, Germany
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11
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Michaelsen J, Parade U, Bauerle H, Winter KD, Rauschenbach U, Mischke K, Schaefer C, Gutleben KJ, Rana OR, Willich T, Schloesser M, Roetzer A, Breithardt OA, Middendorf S, Waldecker B. Safety and efficacy of cryoballoon-ablation for atrial fibrillation performed at local hospitals: results of the german register on cryoballoon-ablation in local hospitals (REGIONAL). Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
OnBehalf
REGIONAL
Background
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using cryoballoon ablation (CBA) has become an established procedure for the treatment of symptomatic paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). The safety and efficacy of PVI at community hospitals with low to moderate case numbers is unknown.
Aim
To determine safety and efficacy of PVI using CBA performed at community hospitals with limited annual case numbers.
Methods
1004 PVI performed consecutively between 01/2019 and 09/2020 at 20 community hospitals (each <100 PVI using CBA/year) for symptomatic paroxysmal AF (n = 563) or persistentAF (n= 441) were included in this registry. CBA was performed considering local standards. Procedural data, efficacy and complications were determined.
Results
Mean number of PVI using CBA/year was 59 ± 26. Mean procedure time was 90.1 ± 31.6 min and mean fluoroscopy time was 19.2 ± 11.4 min. Isolation of all pulmonary veins could be achieved in 97.9% of patients, early termination of CBA due to phrenic nerve palsy was the most frequent reason for incomplete isolation. There was no in-hospital death. 2 patients (0.2%) suffered a clinical stroke. Pericardial effusion occurred in 6 patients (0.6%), 2 of them (0.2%) required pericardial drainage. Vascular complications occurred in 24 patients (2.4%), in 2 of these patients (0.2%) vascular surgery was required. In 48 patients (4.8 %) phrenic nerve palsy was noticed which persisted up to hospital discharge in 6 patients (0.6%).
Conclusions
PVI for paroxysmal or persistent AF using CBA can be performed at community hospitals with high efficacy and low complication rates despite low to moderate annual procedure numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - U Parade
- Hospital - Rems-Murr Kliniken gGmbH, Winnenden, Germany
| | - H Bauerle
- Klinikum Friedrichshafen GmbH, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - K-D Winter
- Hermann-Josef Hospital, Erkelenz, Germany
| | | | - K Mischke
- Leopoldina Hospital, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - C Schaefer
- Elbe Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude, Germany
| | | | - OR Rana
- Helios St. Marienberg Helmstedt, Helmstedt, Germany
| | - T Willich
- Kardiologische Gemeinschaftspraxis Brilon, Brilon, Germany
| | - M Schloesser
- Dreifaltigkeits-Hospital gGmbH, Lippstadt, Germany
| | - A Roetzer
- medius Klinik Ostfildern, Ostfildern, Germany
| | | | | | - B Waldecker
- GRN Kliniken Schwetzingen gGmbH, Schwetzingen, Germany
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12
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Schaefer C, Laity PR, Holland C, McLeish TCB. Stretching of Bombyx mori Silk Protein in Flow. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061663. [PMID: 33809814 PMCID: PMC8002474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The flow-induced self-assembly of entangled Bombyx mori silk proteins is hypothesised to be aided by the ‘registration’ of aligned protein chains using intermolecularly interacting ‘sticky’ patches. This suggests that upon chain alignment, a hierarchical network forms that collectively stretches and induces nucleation in a precisely controlled way. Through the lens of polymer physics, we argue that if all chains would stretch to a similar extent, a clear correlation length of the stickers in the direction of the flow emerges, which may indeed favour such a registration effect. Through simulations in both extensional flow and shear, we show that there is, on the other hand, a very broad distribution of protein–chain stretch, which suggests the registration of proteins is not directly coupled to the applied strain, but may be a slow statistical process. This qualitative prediction seems to be consistent with the large strains (i.e., at long time scales) required to induce gelation in our rheological measurements under constant shear. We discuss our perspective of how the flow-induced self-assembly of silk may be addressed by new experiments and model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charley Schaefer
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter R. Laity
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (P.R.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Chris Holland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (P.R.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Tom C. B. McLeish
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
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13
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Schaefer C, McLeish TCB. Power Law Stretching of Associating Polymers in Steady-State Extensional Flow. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:057801. [PMID: 33605750 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.057801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a tube model for the Brownian dynamics of associating polymers in extensional flow. In linear response, the model confirms the analytical predictions for the sticky diffusivity by Leibler-Rubinstein-Colby theory. Although a single-mode Doi-Edwards-Marrucci-Grizzuti approximation accurately describes the transient stretching of the polymers above a "sticky" Weissenberg number (product of the strain rate with the sticky-Rouse time), the preaveraged model fails to capture a remarkable development of a power law distribution of stretch in steady-state extensional flow: while the mean stretch is finite, the fluctuations in stretch may diverge. We present an analytical model that shows how strong stochastic forcing drives the long tail of the distribution, gives rise to rare events of reaching a threshold stretch, and constitutes a framework within which nucleation rates of flow-induced crystallization may be understood in systems of associating polymers under flow. The model also exemplifies a wide class of driven systems possessing strong, and scaling, fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charley Schaefer
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C B McLeish
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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14
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Schmidt-Hegemann N, Eze C, Rogowski P, Schaefer C, Li M, Buchner A, Fendler W, Bartenstein P, Ganswindt U, Stief C, Belka C, Kretschmer A. PO-1167: Salvage therapies for PSMA PET-positive nodal recurrent prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Schaefer C, Zamboglou C, Volegova-Neher N, Martini C, Nicolay N, Schmidt-Hegemann N, Rogowski P, Li M, Belka C, Grosu A, Brunner T. PO-1186: Impact of a low FODMAP diet on rectal gas and rectal volume during radiotherapy of prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Wagner J, Hoeltzenbein M, Schaefer C, Dathe K. Ulipristal acetate and pregnancy outcome – an observational study. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J.K Wagner
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Gynäkologie mit Brustzentrum
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - M Hoeltzenbein
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - C Schaefer
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - K Dathe
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
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17
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Hedström AK, Adams C, Shao X, Schaefer C, Olsson T, Barcellos LF, Alfredsson L. Breastfeeding is associated with reduced risk of multiple sclerosis in males, predominantly among HLA-DRB1*15:01 carriers. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2020; 6:2055217320928101. [PMID: 32728476 PMCID: PMC7364805 DOI: 10.1177/2055217320928101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding as an infant appears protective against later development of some autoimmune diseases, but research into its influence on multiple sclerosis (MS) risk has yielded inconclusive results. OBJECTIVE We investigated the possible impact of breastfeeding on MS risk. METHODS We used two population-based case-control studies comprising 3670 cases and 6737 matched controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association between MS and exposure to prolonged breastfeeding (4 months or longer) versus reduced breastfeeding (less than 4 months). A meta-analysis of case-control studies that assessed the impact of breastfeeding on MS risk among women and men was conducted. RESULTS Prolonged breastfeeding was associated with reduced MS risk among men (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9) but not among women (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8-1.1). Among men, a synergistic effect was observed between HLA-DRB1*15:01 carrier status and reduced breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the current study add to accumulating evidence that breastfeeding may be a modifiable protective factor for reducing the risk of MS in offspring. When possible, mothers should be supported to breastfeed their infants; however, the mechanism of a sex-specific biologic effect of breastfeeding on MS risk is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Hedström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - C Adams
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Lab, School of Public Health, University of California, USA
| | - X Shao
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, USA
| | - C Schaefer
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, USA
| | - T Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - L F Barcellos
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, USA
| | - L Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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18
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Schaefer C, Laity PR, Holland C, McLeish TCB. Silk Protein Solution: A Natural Example of Sticky Reptation. Macromolecules 2020; 53:2669-2676. [PMID: 32308215 PMCID: PMC7161084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Silk is one of the most intriguing examples of biomolecular self-assembly, yet little is understood of molecular mechanisms behind the flow behavior generating these complex high-performance fibers. This work applies the polymer physics of entangled solution rheology to present a first microphysical understanding of silk in the linear viscoelastic regime. We show that silk solutions can be approximated as reptating polymers with "sticky" calcium bridges whose strength can be controlled through the potassium concentration. This approach provides a new window into critical microstructural parameters, in particular identifying the mechanism by which potassium and calcium ions are recruited as a powerful viscosity control in silk. Our model constitutes a viable starting point to understand not only the "flow-induced self-assembly" of silk fibers but also a broader range of phenomena in the emergent field of material-focused synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charley Schaefer
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Peter R Laity
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Chris Holland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Tom C B McLeish
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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19
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Abstract
Spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation is commonly understood in terms of phenomenological mean-field theories. These theories correctly predict the structural features of the fluid at sufficiently long time scales and wavelengths. However, these conditions are not met in various examples in biology and materials science where the mixture is slowly destabilised, and phase separation is strongly affected by critical thermal fluctuations. We propose a mechanism of pretransitional structuring of a mixture that approaches the miscibility gap and predict scaling relations that describe how the characteristic feature size of the emerging morphology decreases with an increasing quench rate. These predictions quantitatively agree with our kinetic Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations of a phase-separating binary mixture, as well as with previously reported experimental observations. We discuss how these predictions are affected by non-conserved order parameters (e.g., due to chemical reactions or alignment of liquid-crystalline molecules), hydrodynamics and active transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charley Schaefer
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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20
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Dathe K, Frank J, Padberg S, Hultzsch S, Meixner K, Beck E, Meister R, Schaefer C. Negligible risk of prenatal ductus arteriosus closure or fetal renal impairment after third‐trimester paracetamol use: evaluation of the German Embryotox cohort. BJOG 2019; 126:1560-1567. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Dathe
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie Berlin Germany
| | - J Frank
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie Berlin Germany
| | - S Padberg
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie Berlin Germany
| | - S Hultzsch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie Berlin Germany
| | - K Meixner
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie Berlin Germany
| | - E Beck
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie Berlin Germany
| | - R Meister
- Department of Mathematics Beuth Hochschule für Technik—University of Applied Sciences Berlin Germany
| | - C Schaefer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie Berlin Germany
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21
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Towbin R, Schaefer C, Kaye R, Abruzzo T, Aria DJ. The Complex Spine in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy: The Transforaminal Approach-A Transformative Technique. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1422-1426. [PMID: 31296522 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spinal muscular atrophy, a genetic disease resulting in loss of motor function, presents from in utero to adulthood. Depending on progression and secondary scoliosis, spinal stabilization may be necessary. When planning intrathecal access in these patients, spinal anatomy is the most important factor. Therefore, when planning intrathecal nusinersen injections, we subdivided patients with spinal muscular atrophy into simple-versus-complex spine subgroups. Our purpose was to present our experience with our first 42 transforaminal intrathecal nusinersen injections. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed 31 consecutive patients with spinal muscular atrophy types 1-3 who presented for intrathecal nusinersen injections from March 2017 to September 2018. Nine children had complex spines (ie, spinal instrumentation and/or fusion) and required preprocedural imaging for route planning for subarachnoid space access via transforaminal or cervical approaches. RESULTS A total of 164 intrathecal nusinersen injections were performed in 31 children 4-226 months of age, with 100% technical success in accessing the subarachnoid space. Nine patients with complex spinal anatomy underwent 45 intrathecal nusinersen injections; 42 of 45 procedures were performed via a transforaminal approach with the remaining 3 via cervical techniques. There were no complications. CONCLUSIONS Our initial experience has resulted in a protocol-driven approach based on simple or complex spinal anatomy. Patients with simple spines do not need preprocedural imaging or imaging-guided intrathecal nusinersen injections. In contrast, the complex spine subgroup requires preprocedural imaging for route planning and imaging guidance for therapy, with the primary approach being the transforaminal approach for intrathecal nusinersen injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Towbin
- From the Department of Radiology (R.T., C.S., R.K., T.A., D.J.A.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix (R.T., C.S., R.K., D.J.A.), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - C Schaefer
- From the Department of Radiology (R.T., C.S., R.K., T.A., D.J.A.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix (R.T., C.S., R.K., D.J.A.), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - R Kaye
- From the Department of Radiology (R.T., C.S., R.K., T.A., D.J.A.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix (R.T., C.S., R.K., D.J.A.), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - T Abruzzo
- From the Department of Radiology (R.T., C.S., R.K., T.A., D.J.A.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - D J Aria
- From the Department of Radiology (R.T., C.S., R.K., T.A., D.J.A.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix (R.T., C.S., R.K., D.J.A.), Phoenix, Arizona
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22
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Brueggemann P, Szczepek AJ, Seydel C, Schaefer C, Amarjargal N, Boecking B, Rose M, Mazurek B. ICD-10-Symptom-Rating-Fragebogen zur Beurteilung psychischer Komorbiditäten bei Patienten mit chronischem Tinnitus. HNO 2019; 67:178-183. [DOI: 10.1007/s00106-019-0618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Bücker R, Schaefer C, Gruber AD, Hoppe J, Lazzerini L, Barinoff J, Sehouli J, Cichon G. Establishment of a Mucin Secreting Cell Line Cx-03 from an Uterine Carcino Sarcoma. Pharm Res 2018; 36:7. [PMID: 30411161 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The identification of novel cell lines which combine the most important properties of mucosal membranes in terms of drug absorption, transmembrane transport and mucus secretion can help to establish improved and meaningful test systems for pharmacological and infectiological studies. METHODS We have established a novel mucus secreting tumor cell line (Cx-03) derived from a female patient who underwent radical hysterectomy after diagnosis of a large malignant carcino sarcoma (Muellerian mixed tumor). Via xenotransplantation in SCID beige mice, recultivation and subcloning a stable cell line was established from primary tumor cells. RESULTS Human origin and novelty of the cell line was determined by karyotype analysis and STR fingerprint. During growth cells produce considerable amounts of a PAS positive viscoelastic mucus. Immunostaining revealed expression of mucins and the mucin modifier CLCA1. We demonstrate in initial electrophysiological experiments that confluent, polarized monolayers of Cx-03 are formed (on PCF-filter supports) that exhibit stable electrical resistance (> 600 Ω cm2). Confluent Cx-03 monolayers express barrier-forming tight junction proteins claudin-1 and -4 which co-localize with zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) at cell-cell contacts. CONCLUSIONS Mucus secretion is a rare property among mammalian cell lines. In combination with its ability to form polarized monolayers Cx-03 might contribute as a novel cell based model for drug absorption, transport and barrier studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bücker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Schaefer
- Department of Gynecology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Hoppe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Lazzerini
- Department of Gynecology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Barinoff
- Department of Gynecology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günter Cichon
- Department of Gynecology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Schaefer C, de Bruijn RAJ, McLeish TCB. Ligand-regulated oligomerisation of allosterically interacting proteins. Soft Matter 2018; 14:6961-6968. [PMID: 30009315 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00943k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The binding of ligands to distinct sites at proteins or at protein clusters is often cooperative or anti-cooperative due to allosteric signalling between those sites. The allostery is usually attributed to a configurational change of the proteins from a relaxed to a configurationally different tense state. Alternatively, as originally proposed by Cooper and Dryden, a tense state may be achieved by merely restricting the thermal vibrations of the protein around its mean configuration. In this work, we provide theoretical tools to investigate fluctuation allostery using cooling and titration experiments in which ligands regulate dimerisation, or ring or chain formation. We discuss in detail how ligands may regulate the supramolecular (co)polymerisation of liganded and unliganded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charley Schaefer
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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25
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McLeish T, Schaefer C, von der Heydt AC. The 'allosteron' model for entropic allostery of self-assembly. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170186. [PMID: 29735739 PMCID: PMC5941180 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the simple 'allosteron' model, we show that it is possible, in principle, to elicit pathways by which fluctuation allostery affects self-assembly of protein complexes. We treat the cases of (i) protein fibrils and nucleation, (ii) n-mer protein complexes, and (iii) weakly attractive allosteric interactions in protein-like soft nanoscale objects that can be tuned to define exclusive self-associating families.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Allostery and molecular machines'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom McLeish
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - C Schaefer
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A C von der Heydt
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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26
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is limited knowledge about the potential relationship between asthma and heart function. Aim of our present study was to examine if asthma may be associated with manifest or subclinical heart dysfunction. METHODS Seventy-two allergic mild-to-moderate and severe asthma patients and 20 matched controls were enrolled in the study. Depending on the anti-asthmatic therapy, four subgroups of asthma patients were created: patients under long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) and inhaled cortisone without oral cortisone treatment with (1a) versus without (1b) additional omalizumab therapy; patients with LABA, inhaled cortisone and omalizumab treatment with (2a) versus without (2b) oral cortisone. Standard echocardiographic parameters as well as global longitudinal left and right ventricular strains as determined by ultrasound-based speckle-tracking method were evaluated. Furthermore, NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-reactive protein (CRP), and blood count were assessed in asthma and control groups. RESULTS There were no relevant differences in standard echocardiographic measures between both asthma groups and the control collective. Longitudinal left ventricular strain values were reduced significantly in severe and mild-to-moderate asthma groups (-12.91 ± 0.84% and -13.92 ± 1.55%, respectively), whereas longitudinal right ventricular strain values were additionally relevantly decreased in severe asthma (-10.35 ± 1.04%) compared to the control (-16.55 ± 0.49% and -18.48 ± 1.90%, respectively). Cardiac strains were similar in subgroups 1a and 1b. In contrast, patients from subgroup 2a presented reduced heart strains and decreased lung function compared to those from 2b. CRP, IgE, and eosinophils were significantly increased in asthma versus control individuals. CONCLUSIONS Allergic asthma, especially severe asthma is associated with subclinical impaired left and right ventricular function as determined by speckle-tracking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tuleta
- a Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - N Eckstein
- a Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - F Aurich
- a Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - G Nickenig
- a Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - C Schaefer
- a Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - D Skowasch
- a Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - R Schueler
- a Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
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27
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Abstract
Fluids with spatial density variations of single or mixed molecules play a key role in biophysics, soft matter, and materials science. The fluid structures usually form via spinodal decomposition or nucleation following an instantaneous destabilization of the initially disordered fluid. However, in practice, an instantaneous quench is often not viable, and the rate of destabilization may be gradual rather than instantaneous. In this work we show that the commonly used phenomenological descriptions of fluid structuring are inadequate under these conditions. We come to that conclusion in the context of surface catalysis, where we employ kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to describe the unimolecular adsorption of gaseous molecules onto a metal surface. The adsorbates diffuse at the surface and, as a consequence of lateral interactions and due to an ongoing increase of the surface coverage, phase separate into coexisting low- and high-density regions. The typical size of these regions turns out to depend much more strongly on the rate of adsorption than predicted from recently reported phenomenological models. We discuss how this finding contributes to the fundamental understanding of the crossover from liquid-liquid to liquid-solid demixing of solution-cast polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schaefer
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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28
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Schaefer C, Mamolo C, Cappelleri J, Daniel S, Le C, Tatulych S, Griffiths C, Hampton P. Treatment patterns and outcomes among adults admitted to hospital in the U.K. due to plaque or erythrodermic psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:e52-e54. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Schaefer
- Covance Market Access Services Inc. Gaithersburg MD U.S.A
| | - C. Mamolo
- Pfizer Inc. Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 U.S.A
| | | | - S. Daniel
- Covance Market Access Services Inc. Conshohocken PA U.S.A
| | - C. Le
- Covance Market Access Services Inc. San Diego CA U.S.A
| | - S. Tatulych
- Pfizer Inc. Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 U.S.A
| | - C.E.M. Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre Salford Royal Hospital University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester U.K
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29
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Abstract
![]()
Solution-cast, thin-film
polymer composites find a wide range of
applications, such as in the photoactive layer of organic solar cells.
The performance of this layer crucially relies on its phase-separated
morphology. Efficient charge-carrier extraction requires each of the
components to preferentially wet one of the two electrodes. It is
often presumed that the experimentally observed surface enrichment
required for this is caused by specific interactions of the active
ingredients with each surface. By applying a generalized diffusion
model, we find the dynamics to also play an important role in determining
which component accumulates at which surface. We show that for sufficiently
fast evaporation the component with the smallest cooperative diffusivity
accumulates at the free interface. Counterintuitively, depending on
the interactions between the various components, this may be the smaller
solute. Our comprehensive numerical and analytical study provides
a tool to predict and control phase-separated morphologies in thin-film
polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schaefer
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Simbeyond B.V., Groene Loper 19, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J J Michels
- Max Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P van der Schoot
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Tuleta I, Pingel S, Biener L, Pizarro C, Hammerstingl C, Öztürk C, Schahab N, Grohé C, Nickenig G, Schaefer C, Skowasch D. Atherosclerotic Vessel Changes in Sarcoidosis. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 910:23-30. [PMID: 26820732 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vessel disease. The aim of our present study was to investigate whether sarcoidosis could be associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic vessel changes. Angiological analysis and blood tests were performed in 71 sarcoidosis patients and 12 matched controls in this prospective cross-sectional study. Specifically, angiological measurements comprised ankle brachial index (ABI), central pulse wave velocity (cPWV), pulse wave index (PWI), and duplex sonography of central and peripheral arteries. Sarcoidosis activity markers (angiotensin converting enzyme, soluble interleukin-2 receptor) and cardiovascular risk parameters such as cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, fibrinogen, d-dimer, and blood count were analyzed in blood. We found no relevant differences in ABI, cPWV, and plaque burden between the sarcoidosis and control groups (1.10 ± 0.02 vs. 1.10 ± 0.02, 6.7 ± 0.5 vs. 6.1 ± 1.2, 53.7 % vs. 54.5 %, respectively). However, PWI was significantly higher in sarcoidosis patients (146.2 ± 6.8) compared with controls (104.9 ± 8.8), irrespectively of the activity of sarcoidosis and immunosuppressive medication. Except for increased lipoprotein(a) and d-dimer in sarcoidosis, the remaining cardiovascular markers were similar in both groups. We conclude that sarcoidosis is associated with increased pulse wave index, which may indicate an early stage of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tuleta
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St., D-53105, Bonn, Germany.
| | - S Pingel
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St., D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - L Biener
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St., D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Pizarro
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St., D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Hammerstingl
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St., D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Öztürk
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St., D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - N Schahab
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St., D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Grohé
- Evangelische Lungenklinik Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St., D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St., D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St., D-53105, Bonn, Germany
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Schlinke N, Beck E, Weber-Schoendorfer C, Schaefer C, Scherneck S. Sicherheit einer Metformintherapie im ersten Trimenon der Schwangerschaft. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Schlinke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum Embryonaltoxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Beck
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum Embryonaltoxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Weber-Schoendorfer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum Embryonaltoxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Schaefer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum Embryonaltoxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Scherneck
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Braunschweig, Germany
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32
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Tuleta I, Farrag T, Busse L, Pizarro C, Nickenig G, Schahab N, Schaefer C, Pingel S, Skowasch D. High prevalence of obstructive pulmonary diseases in patients with peripheral artery disease. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Tuleta
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - T Farrag
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - L Busse
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - C Pizarro
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - G Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - N Schahab
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - C Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - S Pingel
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - D Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
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33
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Tuleta I, Biener L, Pizarro C, Nickenig G, Schahab N, Schaefer C, Pingel S, Skowasch D. Preatherosclerotic vessel changes in sarcoidosis patients. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Tuleta
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - L Biener
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - C Pizarro
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - G Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - N Schahab
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - C Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - S Pingel
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - D Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
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34
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Tuleta I, Aurich F, Eckstein N, Pizarro C, Nickenig G, Schahab N, Schaefer C, Pingel S, Juergens U, Skowasch D. Increased detection of atherosclerosis in asthma patients. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Tuleta
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - F Aurich
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - N Eckstein
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - C Pizarro
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - G Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - N Schahab
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - C Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - S Pingel
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - U Juergens
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
| | - D Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn
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Dance L, Aria D, Schaefer C, Kaye R, Yonker M, Towbin R. Safety and efficacy of sphenopalatine ganglion blockade in children: initial experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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36
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Tuleta I, Skowasch D, Biener L, Pizarro C, Schueler R, Nickenig G, Schahab N, Schaefer C, Pingel S. Impaired Vascular Function in Sarcoidosis Patients. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 980:1-9. [PMID: 28132132 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A common feature of sarcoidosis and atherosclerosis is a chronic systemic inflammatory reaction. Our hypothesis was that sarcoidosis may negatively influence the vessel status. We addressed the issue by examining preatherosclerotic vascular alternations using an ultrasound-based speckle-tracking method in 72 sarcoidosis patients and 15 matched controls. To find potential factors which may have a deleterious influence on arterial performance, different subgroups of sarcoidosis, such as sarcoidosis with or without cortisone therapy, pulmonary sarcoidosis in early and advanced stages, pulmonary sarcoidosis alone or combined with extrapulmonary sarcoidosis, and sarcoidosis with or without elevated blood levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)/soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) were investigated. We found in the general collective of sarcoidosis patients that circumferential strain (2.68 ± 0.19%), circumferential strain rate (0.21 ± 0.01 1/s), and radial displacement (0.10 ± 0.01 mm) were significantly decreased compared to controls (3.77 ± 0.35%, 0.28 ± 0.02 1/s, and 0.14 ± 0.02 mm, respectively). Vascular strains were more impaired in patients with cortisone therapy, pulmonary sarcoidosis in stages III-IV, and in pulmonary sarcoidosis accompanied by extrapulmonary involvement. The level of ACE/sIL-2R had no relevant influence on the angiological parameters. In conclusion, sarcoidosis is associated with increased vascular stiffness. Cortisone therapy and advanced stages of pulmonary sarcoidosis with extrapulmonary manifestations may account for the impaired vascular function in this patient collective.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tuleta
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St, D-53105, Bonn, Germany.
| | - D Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St, D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - L Biener
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St, D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Pizarro
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St, D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - R Schueler
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St, D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - G Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St, D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - N Schahab
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St, D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St, D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Pingel
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University of Bonn, 25 Sigmund-Freud-St, D-53105, Bonn, Germany
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37
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Seller M, Burghardt RD, Rolling T, Hansen-Algenstaedt N, Schaefer C. Clostridium perfringens: a rare cause of spondylodiscitis case report and review of the literature. Br J Neurosurg 2016; 32:574-576. [PMID: 27967243 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2016.1267332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Presented is a case of a 64-year old male with a unique and yet unreported case of a spondylodiscitis caused by Clostridium perfringens. Becoming symptomatic with massive neurological deficits. Computed tomography (CT) revealed typical signs of spondylodiscitis involving the vertebral body L5 with extensive vacuum phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seller
- a Department of Orthopaedic , Study Conducted at the University Hamburg Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - R D Burghardt
- a Department of Orthopaedic , Study Conducted at the University Hamburg Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - T Rolling
- a Department of Orthopaedic , Study Conducted at the University Hamburg Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - N Hansen-Algenstaedt
- a Department of Orthopaedic , Study Conducted at the University Hamburg Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - C Schaefer
- a Department of Orthopaedic , Study Conducted at the University Hamburg Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
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Dirksen U, Berning P, Schaefer C, Potratz J. The CXCR4 antagonist Plerixafor (AMD3100) promotes Ewing sarcoma cell survival and migration in Ewing sarcoma cells in vitro. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Potratz J, Schaefer C, Clemens D, Hotfilder M, Dirksen U. Identification of novel therapeutic targets in Ewing sarcoma using a pooled shRNA screening approach in a tumor cell-specific environment. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Hedderson MM, Ferrara A, Avalos LA, Van den Eeden SK, Gunderson EP, Li DK, Altschuler A, Woo S, Rowell S, Choudhary V, Xu F, Flanagan T, Schaefer C, Croen LA. The Kaiser Permanente Northern California research program on genes, environment, and health (RPGEH) pregnancy cohort: study design, methodology and baseline characteristics. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:381. [PMID: 27899076 PMCID: PMC5129213 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposures during the prenatal period may have lasting effects on maternal and child health outcomes. To better understand the effects of the in utero environment on children’s short- and long-term health, large representative pregnancy cohorts with comprehensive information on a broad range of environmental influences (including biological and behavioral) and the ability to link to prenatal, child and maternal health outcomes are needed. The Research Program on Genes, Environment and Health (RPGEH) pregnancy cohort at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) was established to create a resource for conducting research to better understand factors influencing women’s and children’s health. Recruitment is integrated into routine clinical prenatal care at KPNC, an integrated health care delivery system. We detail the study design, data collection, and methodologies for establishing this cohort. We also describe the baseline characteristics and the cohort’s representativeness of the underlying pregnant population in KPNC. Methods While recruitment is ongoing, as of October 2014, the RPGEH pregnancy cohort included 16,977 pregnancies (53 % from racial and ethnic minorities). RPGEH pregnancy cohort participants consented to have blood samples obtained in the first trimester (mean gestational age 9.1 weeks ± 4.2 SD) and second trimester (mean gestational age 18.1 weeks ± 5.5 SD) to be stored for future use. Women were invited to complete a questionnaire on health history and lifestyle. Information on women’s clinical and health assessments before, during and after pregnancy and women and children’s health outcomes are available in the health system’s electronic health records, which also allows long-term follow-up. Discussion This large, racially- and ethnically-diverse cohort of pregnancies with prenatal biospecimens and clinical data is a valuable resource for future studies on in utero environmental exposures and maternal and child perinatal and long term health outcomes. The baseline characteristics of RPGEH Pregnancy Cohort demonstrate that it is highly representative of the underlying population living in the broader community in Northern California. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12884-016-1150-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hedderson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
| | - A Ferrara
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - L A Avalos
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - S K Van den Eeden
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - E P Gunderson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - D K Li
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - A Altschuler
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - S Woo
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - S Rowell
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - V Choudhary
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - F Xu
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - T Flanagan
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - C Schaefer
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - L A Croen
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Schaefer
- Dutch Polymer
Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Theory
of Polymers and Soft Matter, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J. J. Michels
- Holst Centre/TNO, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Max Planck
Institute
für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P. van der Schoot
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Theory
of Polymers and Soft Matter, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Whereas dilatation of a single stenosis of the main renal artery is a routine intervention, a narrowing of the renal artery at its bifurcation extending into the branch arteries poses a more complex problem. The procedural risks of renal artery dilatation are compounded by the danger of occlusion of one of the branch arteries during maneuvers to dilate the other. Long-term results of surgical vascular reconstruction at a renal artery bifurcation are not satisfactory. Untreated, these stenoses lead to intractable hypertension and impairment or loss of renal function. We present a patient with hypertension and impaired function of the right kidney on account of a renal arterial bifurcation stenosis. Using a bilateral transfemoral arterial approach 2 balloon catheters were simultaneously placed into the origins of the renal artery branches and both arteries were successfully dilated by the kissing balloons technique. This method provides an elegant alternative to difficult surgery to save an endangered kidney.
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Schaefer C. Neuigkeiten zur Anwendung von Arzneimitteln in der Schwangerschaft. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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45
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Schaefer C, Schaefer JC, Cierpka M. Zwischen Zuversicht und Sorge. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-015-0031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Hessner F, Dlugos CP, Chehab T, Schaefer C, Homey B, Gerke V, Weide T, Pavenstädt H, Rescher U. CC chemokine receptor 10 cell surface presentation in melanocytes is regulated by the novel interaction partner S100A10. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22649. [PMID: 26941067 PMCID: PMC4778132 DOI: 10.1038/srep22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) conveys signals in response to various endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Consequently, GPCRs are the most important drug targets. CCR10, the receptor for the chemokines CCL27/CTACK and CCL28/MEC, belongs to the chemokine receptor subfamily of GPCRs and is thought to function in immune responses and tumour progression. However, there is only limited information on the intracellular regulation of CCR10. We find that S100A10, a member of the S100 family of Ca(2+) binding proteins, binds directly to the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of CCR10 and that this interaction regulates the CCR10 cell surface presentation. This identifies S100A10 as a novel interaction partner and regulator of CCR10 that might serve as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hessner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - C P Dlugos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - T Chehab
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - C Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, A14, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Centre, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - B Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - V Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - T Weide
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, A14, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Centre, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - H Pavenstädt
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, A14, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Centre, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - U Rescher
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Centre, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
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Padberg S, Schaefer C. Congenital dilated cardiomyopathy after intrauterine exposure to CHOP chemotherapy. Reprod Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nijhof S, Kutz PI, Schulze R, Schaefer C, Menke T, Roll C. [Congenital Intermittent Third-degree Atrioventricular Block Associated with Retinoid Exposure in Pregnancy]. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2015; 219:289-92. [PMID: 26402853 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1550002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retinoid acitretin, which has been approved as an effective therapy for severe keratinization disorders, is highly teratogenic, and exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with the risk of miscarriage and various malformations, including congenital heart defects. Cardiac conduction system disorders have not been described so far. CASE REPORT A 24-year-old woman was treated with acitretin for dyskeratosis follicularis until pregnancy was diagnosed at 12 weeks of gestation. The female infant was born after 35 weeks gestation by cesarean section because of intermittent fetal bradycardia. The baby was vigorous at birth (Apgar 9, 10, 10 at 1, 5 and 10 min) but displayed intermittent third-degree atrioventricular block. A search for maternal autoantibodies and viral infections gave negative findings. CONCLUSION The spectrum of disorders caused by intrauterine retinoid exposure appears to include atrioventricular conduction failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nijhof
- Neonatologie und Päd. Intensivmedizin, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Datteln
| | - P I Kutz
- Neonatologie und Päd. Intensivmedizin, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Datteln
| | - R Schulze
- St. Vincenz-Krankenhaus, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Datteln
| | - C Schaefer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Pharmakovigilanzzentrum Embryonaltoxikologie, Berlin
| | - T Menke
- Kinderkardiologie, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Datteln
| | - C Roll
- Neonatologie und Päd. Intensivmedizin, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Datteln
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Potratz J, Schleithoff C, Lechtape B, Tulotta C, Tillmanns A, Schaefer C, Hempel G, Dirksen U. 3450 The receptor tyrosine kinase RON: a challenging therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma metastases. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Schaefer C, Berning P, Mallela N, Seggewiß J, Schleithoff C, Korsching E, Dirksen U, Potratz J. 3407 Identification of novel EWS-FLI1 specific targets in Ewing sarcoma through pooled shRNA screens. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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