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Xu CQ, Li J, Liang ZQ, Zhong YL, Zhang ZH, Hu XQ, Cao YB, Chen J. Sirtuins in macrophage immune metabolism: A novel target for cardiovascular disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128270. [PMID: 38000586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7), as a family of NAD+-dependent protein modifying enzymes, have various catalytic functions, such as deacetylases, dealkalylases, and deribonucleases. The Sirtuins family is directly or indirectly involved in pathophysiological processes such as glucolipid metabolism, oxidative stress, DNA repair and inflammatory response through various pathways and assumes an important role in several cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension and heart failure. A growing number of studies supports that metabolic and bioenergetic reprogramming directs the sequential process of inflammation. Failure of homeostatic restoration leads to many inflammatory diseases, and that macrophages are the central cells involving the inflammatory response and are the main source of inflammatory cytokines. Regulation of cellular metabolism has emerged as a fundamental process controlling macrophage function, but its exact signaling mechanisms remain to be revealed. Understanding the precise molecular basis of metabolic control of macrophage inflammatory processes may provide new approaches for targeting immune metabolism and inflammation. Here, we provide an update of studies in cardiovascular disease on the function and role of sirtuins in macrophage inflammation and metabolism, as well as drug candidates that may interfere with sirtuins, pointing to future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Qin Xu
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liang
- Department of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yi-Lang Zhong
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xue-Qing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Yong-Bing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
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Xu CQ, Hu JJ, Zhang Z, Zhang XM, Wang WB, Cui ZN. Quantifying the contributions of natural and anthropogenic dust sources in Shanxi Province, northern China. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140280. [PMID: 37758087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Dust storms have direct or indirect impacts on climate change and human health. Identifying and quantifying natural/anthropogenic dust sources can facilitate effective prevention and control of dust events. Based on surface real-time PM10 monitoring data, satellite remote sensing and the HYSPLIT model, this study determined the specific timing, coverage and sources of dust events in Shanxi Province, Northern China. Thus, a composite fingerprinting technique was established to quantify potential dust sources and dust contributions of single dust events. The dust oxidation model was validated, indicating that the composite fingerprinting technique was well suited to the study region. The results show that natural dust sources (67%) contributed more to the study region than anthropogenic dust sources. They were mainly from the northwest and north of the study region. Particularly, the contributions of Taiyuan (TY) and Linfen (LF) accounted for the largest (82%) and smallest (55%) proportions, respectively, both exceeding 50%. Anthropogenic dust sources contributed 33%, mainly from the east and south of the study region. The contribution of anthropogenic dust sources increased in the study region from north to south. In terms of potential dust sources, the Tengger Desert and Badain Jaran Desert (TDBD) contributed the most (26%), followed by the Otindag Sandy Land (OL) (22%). The Taklimakan Desert (TD) contributed the least (2%). The Middle Farmland region of the Hexi Corridor (HMF) in the west (15%) had the largest proportion of anthropogenic dust sources. Differences in the regional contribution of potential dust sources mainly resulted from winter winds, surface drought severity and particle size. At an insignificant distance from the study region, the contribution of potential dust sources was larger in the west than in the east and increased from south to north overall. These methods and findings can contribute to improving the ecological environment in Northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Xu
- College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China; Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Taklimakan National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Desert Meteorology, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Meteorology and Sandstorm, Taklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station, Field Scientific Experiment Base of Akdala Atmospheric Background, Urumqi, 830002, China.
| | - J J Hu
- College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Z Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, YuZhang Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - X M Zhang
- Institute of Ecological Civilization, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - W B Wang
- Elion Resources Group Co., Ltd, NO.15 Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Z N Cui
- Elion Resources Group Co., Ltd, NO.15 Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
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Xu CQ, Liu ZZ. [Glaucoma-related adverse events and their associated factors after cataract surgery in congenital cataracts: a review and update]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 58:959-963. [PMID: 36348541 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20220418-00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Congenital cataract is one of the main causes of blindness in children. Glaucoma-related adverse event (GRAE) is a serious complication of congenital cataract extraction. Its occult onset can cause irreversible damage to the optic nerve, its related factors are, however, not clear. In recent years, with the deepening of research, we have a more comprehensive understanding of the risk factors of glaucoma-related adverse events. This paper summarizes in detail the impact of its risk factors: ocular anatomical features, surgical design, other ocular and systemic diseases on GRAE, and systematically summarizes its diagnostic criteria, treatment and prognosis, in order to provide a comprehensive reference of research-related factors affecting GRAE after cataract surgery and indication for the vacancy in scientific research and to establish a prediction model for the incidence of postoperative GRAE based on the analysis of influencing factors, and precisely predict the prognosis of children after surgery cataract in clinical aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Xu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial clinical research center for ocular diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Z Z Liu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial clinical research center for ocular diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Fan XK, Xu CQ, Cao KQ, Zhao GJ, Hong GL, Lu ZQ. [Study on the Protective effect and mechanism of Nicotinamide Riboside on lung injury in paraquat intoxicated mice]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2022; 40:561-567. [PMID: 36052583 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20201224-00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) on lung injury caused by Paraquat intoxicated mice. Methods: Eighty clean male BALB/C mice were selected and averagely divided forty mice into 4 groups with 10 mice in each group, PQ group was given 25% PQ solution (60 mg/kg) by one-time gavage. PQ+NR group were intraperitoneally injected with NR solution (300 mg/kg) 1 hour before given the same amount of PQ solution (60 mg/kg) by one-time gavage, The Control group were given the same amount of saline by one-time gavage, The same amount of NR was intraperitoneally injected before NR group were given saline by one-time gavage. Observed and recorded general condition of PQ intoxicated mice. Observed and recorded the death of mice every half an hour and counted the mortality and drew survival curve of each group after 72 hours exposure. another forty mice were averagely divided and treated by the same way. After 24 hours of modelling, mice were anaesthetized and killed. Then blood was extracted after eyeball was removed. The changes of TNF-a、IL-6 and MPO in serum of mice were detected by ELISA.Two lung tissues were removed from the chest and used to measure the D/W ratio of the lung. The pathological changes of lung were observed and scored under light microscope.The levels of SOD, MDA and Caspase-3 in lung tissues were determined by chemical colorimetry. The expression of Sirt1 and Nrf2 in lung tissues was detected by Western-blot. Results: Compared with the Control group and the NR group, the mice in the PQ group had a poor general condition, such as depression, crouching, skin disorder and reduced activity, food, urine and feces. The symptoms in the PQ+NR group were reduced compared with the PQ group. The survival rate at 72 hours after exposure: 80% in the PQ+NR group and 40% higher than that in the PQ group (P=0.029) . Compared with Control group and NR group, the D/W ratio (0.09±0.07) , lung pathology score under light microscope (11.80±0.37) , TNF-a (39.89±1.48) pg/ml、IL-6 (77.29±2.38) pg/ml、MPO (0.31±0.01) μg/ml、SOD (6.62±0.30) U/mgprot、MDA level (1.21±0.14) mmol/mgprot, Caspase-3 activity (356.00± 27.16) %, Sirt1 and Nrf2 protein expression (1.02±0.14、0.82±0.06) were significantly decreased in PQ group (P=0.004、0.023) ; Compared with PQ group, PQ+NR group significantly increased the D/W ratio (0.10±0.10) , decreased the pulmonary pathology score under light microscope (7.400.51) , decreased TNF-a (33.00± 0.65) pg/ml、IL-6 (52.23±4.23) pg/ml、MPO leve (0.23±0.01) μg/mll, increased SOD leve (9.28±0.45) U/mgprotl, decreased MDA level (0.78±0.02) mmol/mgprot, decreased Caspase-3 activity (222.80±7.59) %, and increased the protein expressions of Sirt1 and Nrf2 (1.62±0.16、1.06±0.04) (P=0.048、0.035) . Conclusion: NR can prolong the survival time of PQ poisoned mice; NR intervention can effectively inhibit the inflammatory response, peroxidation injury and apoptosis of PQ poisoned mice; NR intervention can upregulate the expression of Sirt1 and Nrf2 protein and effectively reduce the lung injury of PQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- X K Fan
- Cangnan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan 325800, China
| | - C Q Xu
- Emergency Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - K Q Cao
- Emergency Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - G J Zhao
- Emergency Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - G L Hong
- Emergency Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Z Q Lu
- Emergency Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Xu CQ, Yang YW. [The epidemic and prevention of plagues in modern Shanghai]. Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 2021; 51:373-379. [PMID: 35130671 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20200618-00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It was found that a variety of plagues were prevalent in Shanghai at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, by analysing and synthesising the epidemic situation, the causes of the epidemic, the social impact, and prevention and control measures. These plagues led to serious social harm and economic losses. Their causes were believed closely related to some factors, such as urban environment, population flow, and climate changes. Their prevention appeared to be applicable and effective. The Shanghai concession and Chinese authorities organised society to fight against plagues and stabilise the social order. Charity organisations of the local communities were also involved in social support. It was found that more can be done in studies on interdisciplinary synthesis, comparative study of epidemic prevention measures of managers, and of traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Xu
- Institute of Science, Technology and Humanities, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Y W Yang
- Institute of Science, Technology and Humanities, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Li B, Xu CQ, Zhou W, Jiao WH, Sankar R, Zhang FM, Hou HH, Jiang XF, Qian B, Chen B, Bangura AF, Xu X. Evidence of s-wave superconductivity in the noncentrosymmetric La 7Ir 3. Sci Rep 2018; 8:651. [PMID: 29330440 PMCID: PMC5766628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Superconductivity in noncentrosymmetric compounds has attracted sustained interest in the last decades. Here we present a detailed study on the transport, thermodynamic properties and the band structure of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor La 7 Ir 3 (T c ~ 2.3 K) that was recently proposed to break the time-reversal symmetry. It is found that La7Ir3 displays a moderately large electronic heat capacity (Sommerfeld coefficient γ n ~ 53.1 mJ/mol K2) and a significantly enhanced Kadowaki-Woods ratio (KWR ~32 μΩ cm mol2 K2 J-2) that is greater than the typical value (~10 μΩ cm mol2 K2 J-2) for strongly correlated electron systems. The upper critical field Hc2 was seen to be nicely described by the single-band Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg model down to very low temperatures. The hydrostatic pressure effects on the superconductivity were also investigated. The heat capacity below T c reveals a dominant s-wave gap with the magnitude close to the BCS value. The first-principles calculations yield the electron-phonon coupling constant λ = 0.81 and the logarithmically averaged frequency ω ln = 78.5 K, resulting in a theoretical T c = 2.5 K, close to the experimental value. Our calculations suggest that the enhanced electronic heat capacity is more likely due to electron-phonon coupling, rather than the electron-electron correlation effects. Collectively, these results place severe constraints on any theory of exotic superconductivity in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - C Q Xu
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab and Department of Physics, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - W Zhou
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab and Department of Physics, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - W H Jiao
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - R Sankar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei R.O.C., 11529, Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - F M Zhang
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab and Department of Physics, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - H H Hou
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab and Department of Physics, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - X F Jiang
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab and Department of Physics, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - B Qian
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab and Department of Physics, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - B Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Shanghai for Science & Tehcnology, Shanghai, China
| | - A F Bangura
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Advanced Functional Materials Lab and Department of Physics, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China.
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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Wang YR, Yuan Y, Xu CQ, Cao LJ, Wang YL, Huang LQ. [Textual criticism and discrimination on the naming of"Five-abstention Soup of Medical Professional"from the Han-tomb of the Marquis of Haihun]. Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 2017; 47:145-148. [PMID: 28810343 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0255-7053.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A lacquer vessel with the inscription of Yi gong wu jin tang (Five-abstention Soup of Medical Profession) has been unearthed from the Han-tomb of Marquis of Haihun, in which"Five abstentions"is related to the incantations and abstention therapies prevalent in the Qin and Han Dynasties. The"Five-abstention Law"is the five rituals and methods during the process of practicing incantations and abstentions therapies including"keeping one's thinking (cun si)","holding the breath(bi qi)","twirling eyes (nian mu)","stepping after Yu's sample (yu bu)"and"incanting and blessing (zhou zhu)". The"Five-abstention Law"uses the medium"soup"to achieve the purpose of treatment."Soup"refers either to"decoction"or to"magic water". The lacquer vessel with the inscription"Five-abstention Soup of Medical professional"could be an instrument for implementing the process of practising the"Five-abstention Law", reflecting the historical facts that Liu He, the Marquis Haihun did accept the incantations and abstention therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700;2 Office of Educational Administration, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040
| | - Y Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700
| | - C Q Xu
- The Relics and Archaeology Academy of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330003
| | - L J Cao
- China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Y L Wang
- The Relics and Archaeology Academy of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330003
| | - L Q Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700
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Jang Y, Lu SA, Chen ZP, Ma J, Xu CQ, Zhang CZ, Wang JJ. Genetic polymorphisms of CCND1 and PTEN in progression of esophageal squamous carcinoma. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:6685-91. [PMID: 24391010 DOI: 10.4238/2013.december.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 (CCND1) plays a significant role in G1-S transition of cell cycle, and phosphatase and a tensin homologue (PTEN) negatively regulate cell cycle through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling. CCND1 and PTEN genetic polymorphisms might induce susceptibility to the occurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Three hundred and four ESCC patients and 413 healthy controls from Anyang, China, were enrolled in this study. All genotyping at CCND1 (807 G/A) and PTEN (rs701848 T/C and rs2735343 C/G) were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between the polymorphisms and the susceptibility to develop ESCC. Statistically significant differences were observed between cases and controls in distribution of genotypes or alleles at PTEN rs701848 T/C and rs2735343 C/G, with either haplotype TG or CG possessing notably higher proportion in cases than in the controls. However, such difference could not be found in the distribution of the polymorphisms at CCND1 807 G/A. In summary, the polymorphisms of PTEN rs701848 T/C and rs2735343 C/G might represent crucial modifying factors for development of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jang
- Medical Department, People's Hospital of Lanshan District, Linyi, Shandong, China
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Qiao YH, Xu CQ, Zeng YJ, Xu XH, Zhao H, Xu H. The kinetic model and simulation of blood coagulation—the kinetic influence of activated protein C. Med Eng Phys 2004; 26:341-7. [PMID: 15121060 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2003] [Revised: 11/05/2003] [Accepted: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The paper described a limited part of the coagulation pathway, and in particular the inhibitory effects of activated protein C in the context of thrombin production. This is a computational modeling study with various assumption made of kinetic rates laws and their summation. The level of complexity and assumed parameters makes conclusions uncertain. However, an interesting outcome is that kinetic reaction rates may show oscillation behavior under particular, high levels of protein C feedback inhibition. The model would defy quantitative practical use, but could have predictive value as a qualitative descriptor of coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Qiao
- Biomechanics and Medical Information Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China
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10
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Abstract
In order to confirm which process is the most important in the blood coagulation cascade, a dynamic model of the function of platelets in blood coagulation is provided based on biochemical experiments. A series of conclusions based on qualitative analysis and mathematical simulation are drawn about the influence of the activation rate of factor VIII and factor IX on the generation of thrombin (IIa). It is evident that the pro-coagulation stimulus must exceed a threshold value to initiate the coagulation cascade. The value is related to the rate of platelet activation, the binding constant d2. The stability of the fixed value is also related to the pro-coagulation stimulus. This article also evaluates the influence of the stimulus strength and the activated rate parameter of platelets on thrombin. The proportion of platelets activated at any given time is designated c. To each c, we obtain a maximum concentration of thrombin. It is evident that when the level of factor IX is below 1% of normal levels, the rate of thrombin generation reduces dramatically resulting in severe bleeding tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Xu
- Biomechanics Research Center, Beijing Polytechnic University, 100022, Beijing, China
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11
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Li BX, Yang BF, Zhou J, Xu CQ, Li YR. Inhibitory effects of berberine on IK1, IK, and HERG channels of cardiac myocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001; 22:125-31. [PMID: 11741516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of berberine on inward rectifier potassium current (IK1) and outward delayed rectifier potassium current (IK) of guinea pig ventricular myocytes, and on human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes. METHODS Whole cell patch-clamp and geneclamp techniques were used to record ionic currents. RESULTS Berberine prolonged action potential duration (APD) and inhibited IK1 and IK in a concentration-dependent manner. Berberine 100 micromol/L increased APD90 from (450 +\- 48) ms to (888 +\- 90) ms (n = 6, P < 0.01), and inhibited IK1 by 65 % +\- 7 % (n = 6, P < 0.01). Berberine 50 micromol/L inhibited IK by 57 % +\- 6 %, IKtail by 53 % +\- 6 % (n = 6, P < 0.01). Berberine produced a voltage-dependent block on IK that increased with stronger depolarization, and once all channels were activated, there was no further block at positive potentials. Berberine blocked the HERG channels potently with an IC50 value of approximately 75 micromol/L. This block was voltage-dependent, suggesting that it probably bind to either open or inactivated HERG channels. CONCLUSION Berberine prolonged APD and possessed blocking effect on IK1, IK, and HERG channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The antiarrhythmic mechanism of berberine is related to its inhibitory effects on IK1, IK, and HERG channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- B X Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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Li YR, Yang BF, Xu CQ, Zhou J, Yang YB, Zhang JY, Sun MZ. [Inhibition of transmembrane K(+) currents in mammalian ventricular myocytes by antiarrhythmic agent RP62719]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2000; 52:427-30. [PMID: 11941400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of RP62719 on the inward rectifier K(+) current (I(K1)),transient outward K(+) current (I(to)) and delayed outward K(+) current (I(K)) in isolated cardiac myocytes was determined using the whole cell patch clamp technique in guinea pig and dog. RP62719 decreased I(K1) with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC(50) ) of 5.0+/-1.0 micromol/L at -100 mV in guinea pig ventricular cells. In dog ventricular myocytes, RP62719 inhibited Ito by 84+/-4.4% with an IC(50) of 1.2+/-0.51 micromol/L at +40 mV. In guinea pig ventricular cells, RP62719 decreased I(K): I(Kstep) by 50.0+/-8.3%%and I(Ktail) by 56.0+/-4.9% at +40 mV, respectively. RP62719 inhibited I(Kstep) with an IC(50) of 4.2+/-0.8 micromol/L and I(Ktail) with an IC(50) of 3.3+/-0.75 micromol/L. Thus it is suggested that the ionic mechanism of antiarrhymic effect by RP62719 may be due to its inhibition of I(K1),I(to) and I(K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Li
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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Yang BF, Li GR, Xu CQ, Nattel S. Effects of RP58866 on transmembrane K+ currents in mammalian ventricular myocytes. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1999; 20:961-9. [PMID: 11270975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine effects of RP58866 on inward rectifier K+ current (IKl), transient outward K+ current (Ito) and delayed outward rectifier K+ current (IK) in isolated cardiac myocytes. METHODS In isolated ventricular myocytes of guinea pig and dog, the effect of RP58866 on IKl, Ito, and IK were observed by the whole cell voltage-clamp technique. RESULTS RP58866 decreased IKl in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of (3.4 +/- 0.8) micromol.L-1 (n = 6) at -100 mV in guinea pig ventricular cells. In dog ventricular myocytes, RP58866 inhibited Ito with IC50 of (2.3 +/- 0.5) micromol.L-1 at +40 mV. In guinea pig ventricular cells, RP58866 at 100 micromol.L-1 decreased IK: IKstep by (58 +/- 13)% at +40 mV, and IKtail by (86 +/- 17)%, respectively. RP58866 inhibited IKstep with an IC50 of (7.5 +/- 0.8) micromol.L-1, and IKtail with an IC50 of (3.5 +/- 0.9) micromol.L-1. The envelope of tail analysis suggested that both IKr and IKs were inhibited. CONCLUSION RP58866 inhibits IKl, Ito, and IK in cardiac myocytes with a similar potency, and is not a specific IKl inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
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14
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Xu CQ. [Research on the mechanism of neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease and the effects of tetrohydroberberine on the apoptosis]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 1999; 30:224-6. [PMID: 12532784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease(AD) was studied by the techniques of immunohistochemistry, neuronal culture and patch clamp. The hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by beta-amyloid peptide (beta-AP) and its ionic mechanism were also observed. The results showed that neuronal apoptosis did exist in AD brains and beta-AP might induce the apoptosis by blocking the voltage-dependent K+ and Na+ channels, which were enhanced by nitric oxide(NO). In addition, tetrohydroberbine could protect against the apoptosis induced by beta-AP by reducing hippocampal neuronal intracellar free Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080
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15
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Xu CQ, Zhang ZM, Xia ZL, Wu CH, Zhou PA. [Effects of glutamate on transient outward potassium current of dissociated hippocampal neurons in ca1 sector in rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1999; 51:55-9. [PMID: 11972176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of glutamate on the transient outward potassium current of dissociated hippocampal CA(1) neurons of 7-10 d rats were studied by the whole-cell patch clamp technique. It was found that glutamate could block the transient potassium current in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effect was partly voltage-dependent. These results suggest that glutamate may decrease the membrane conductance of K(+) channels in hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Xu
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Jiangmen District, Jiangmen 529071
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16
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Xu CQ, Xiang FJ, Cao LW. [Pharmacognostic identification of the confusing drugs of Magnolia bark--the barks of four Manglietia plants]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1994; 19:579-83, 637. [PMID: 7873072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Q Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
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17
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Xu CQ, Li LX, Wang ZC. [Effect of excitatory amino acids, Ca2+ on delayed neuronal death in hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 1993; 24:156-9. [PMID: 8105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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