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Shen YC, Lee PC, Kuo YL, Wu WK, Chen CC, Lei CH, Yeh CP, Hsu C, Hsu CH, Lin ZZ, Shao YY, Lu LC, Liu TH, Chen CH, Wu MS, Huang YH, Cheng AL. An Exploratory Study for the Association of Gut Microbiome with Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:809-822. [PMID: 34336726 PMCID: PMC8318216 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s315696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiome has been associated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with various types of cancers but not yet in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aims To investigate the association between gut microbiome and efficacy of ICI in patients with HCC. Methods Patients with HCC who were scheduled to receive ICI were prospectively enrolled. Fecal samples were collected within 7 days before initiation of ICI (baseline) and 8 weeks later. Gut microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and shotgun whole-genome sequencing and correlated with objective response (complete or partial response), disease control (objective response or stable disease for ≥16 weeks), and overall survival. Results Thirty-six patients with HCC were enrolled, and 20 of them provided both baseline and 8-week feces. Alpha diversity, richness, and compositions of baseline gut microbiome indicated no difference between responders and nonresponders or between disease control and nondisease control groups. For the 20 paired feces, immunotherapy did not change any of the major microbiome features. No specific taxa were enriched in patients with objective response. Three taxa-Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, and Acidaminococcus-were enriched in patients with disease control. However, the baseline abundance of these three taxa did not predict overall survival benefit. Conclusions In this exploratory study, we failed to disclose any overt association of gut microbiome with the efficacy of ICI in patients with HCC. A larger prospective study is warranted for definite conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chang Lee
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Kuo
- Biotools Co., Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chengh-Hau Lei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun Hsu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhong-Zhe Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yun Shao
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Lu
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li WX, Liu LW, Wang J, Zuo L, Yang F, Kang N, Lei CH. [Predicting value of 2014 European guidelines risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death (HCM Risk-SCD) in Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2017; 45:1033-1038. [PMID: 29325362 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the predicting value of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death (HCM Risk-SCD) in Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and to explore the predictors of adverse cardiovascular events in Chinese HCM patients. Methods: The study population consisted of a consecutive 207 HCM patients admitted in our center from October 2014 to October 2016. All patients were followed up to March 2017. The 5-year SCD probability of each patient was estimated using HCM Risk-SCD model based on electrocardiogram, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination results. The primary, second, and composite endpoints were recorded. The primary endpoint included SCD and appropriate ICD therapy, identical to the HCM Risk-SCD endpoint. The second endpoint included acute myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, thrombus embolism and end-stage HCM. The composite endpoint was either the primary or the second endpoint. Patients were divided into the 3 categories according to 5-year SCD probability assessed by HCM Risk-SCD model: low risk group<4%,intermediate risk group ≥4% to<6%, and high risk group≥6%. Results: (1) Prevalence of endpoints: All 207 HCM patients completed the follow-up (350 (230, 547) days). During follow-up, 8 (3.86%) patients reached the primary endpoints (3 cases of SCD, 3 cases of survival after defibrillation, and 2 cases of appropriate ICD discharge); 21 (10.14%) patients reached the second endpoints (1 case of acute myocardial infarction, 16 cases of heart failure hospitalization, 2 cases of thromboembolism, and 2 cases of end-stage HCM). (2) Predicting value of HCM Risk-SCD model: Patients with primary endpoints had higher prevalence of syncope and intermediate-high risk of 5-year SCD, as compared to those without primary endpoints (both P<0.05). (3) Predicting value of HCM Risk-SCD model: The low risk group included 122 patients (59%), the intermediate risk group 42 (20%), and the high risk group 43 (21%). There was a clear trend towards to higher heart rate, higher values of PTF(V1) and plane QRS-T angle, higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI), elevated maximal left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient (LVOT-PGmax), enlarged left atrial dimension(LAD) and volume index (LAVI), reduced systolic mitral annular velocity (s'), and higher late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) volume and mass in patients with high risk of 5-year of SCD, as compared to those with low-intermediate risk (all P<0.05). Moreover, 5-year SCD probability was positively correlated with heart rate, plane QRS-T angle, LVMI, LAVI, LGE%, and negatively correlated with s'(r=0.161, P=0.019; r=0.669, P=0.001; r=0.206, P=0.004; r=0.284, P=0.000; r=0.351, P=0.000; r= -0.245, P=0.001; respectively). (4) LAD, LAVI, e' and s' were independent predictors for poor outcomes. HCM patients with LAD≥39 mm, LAVI≥49.6 ml/m(2), e'≤6.5 cm/s and s'≤6.6 cm/s were more likely to have adverse cardiovascular events (AUC 0.702, 95%CI 0.604-0.799, P=0.001; AUC 0.700, 95%CI 0.567-0.833, P=0.001; AUC 0.716, 95%CI 0.616-0.817, P=0.000; AUC 0.764, 95%CI 0.676-0.853, P=0.000,respectively). Conclusions: The HCM Risk-SCD model is of value in predicting SCD for Chinese HCM patients. The plane QRS-T angle and LGE% are the best predictors of 5-year SCD risk in Chinese HCM patients. Moreover, conventional echocardiographic parameters, including LAD, LAVI, e' and s', are useful to predict adverse cardiovascular events among Chinese HCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W X Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Wang Y, Zhang YL, Wang YP, Lei CH, Sun ZL. A study on the association of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels and the hyperglycaemic excursions as measured by continuous glucose monitoring system among people with type 2 diabetes in China. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28:357-62. [PMID: 22238204 PMCID: PMC3510303 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood glucose excursion is an important component of the glycaemic burden, but there are no indexes that can directly reflect them. The aim was to evaluate the values and significance of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China and to elucidate the relationship between 1,5-AG and traditional indexes of glycaemic excursions by continuous glucose monitoring. METHODS A total of 576 healthy adults and 292 patients were included, and their 1,5-AG, fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin were measured. For the 34 patients, their mean blood glucose, standard deviation of blood glucose, mean amplitude of glucose excursion, mean of daily differences, low blood glucose M-value index and the area under the curve for blood glucose above 180 mg/dL were calculated by use of a continuous glucose monitoring system. RESULTS Serum levels of 1,5-AG among healthy adults were 28.44 ± 8.76 µg/mL with a significant gender bias rather than age bias. The 1,5-AG levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus were 4.57 ± 3.71 µg/mL, which were lower than those seen in the healthy adults. There was a correlation between 1,5-AG and glycated haemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, and postprandial blood glucose (r = -0.251, -0.195 and -0.349, respectively; all had p < 0.05). The continuous glucose monitoring system demonstrated that 1,5-AG presents a negative correlation with mean blood glucose, standard deviation of blood glucose, mean amplitude of glucose excursion and mean of daily differences for 7 days and with the area under the curve for blood glucose above 180 mg/dL on the third, fourth and seventh days. CONCLUSIONS 1,5-AG may serve as a marker of hyperglycaemia and 7-day hyperglycaemic excursions as well as being a useful adjunct to glycated haemoglobin for blood glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
- Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Y P Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
- Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - C H Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
- Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Z L Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence to: Zi-lin Sun, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China. E-mail:
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Bareño J, Lei CH, Wen JG, Kang SH, Petrov I, Abraham DP. Local structure of layered oxide electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Adv Mater 2010; 22:1122-1127. [PMID: 20401936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200904247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion batteries are promising candidates for electrical energy storage in applications ranging from portable electronics to hybrid and electric vehicles. In this context, layered compounds in the Li(1+delta)(TM(x)Mn(1-x))(1-delta)O(2) family (TM = transition metal) have received much attention due to their high capacity and stability. In this Research News article we describe recent advances on structural characterization of Li-ion electrode materials using state-of-the-art electron microscopy. Direct evidence of the monoclinic nature of Li(2)MnO(3) has been provided. It has been demonstrated that differences in Z-contrast imaging between Li(2)MnO(3) and LiTMO(2) may be used to screen samples for phase separation in the 10-100 nm scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bareño
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois 104 S. Goodwin Ave. Urbana, IL-61801, USA
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Lei CH, Ouzineb K, Dupont O, Keddie JL. Probing particle structure in waterborne pressure-sensitive adhesives with atomic force microscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 307:56-63. [PMID: 17174966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 11/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to know the nanostructure of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) films obtained from waterborne polymer colloids so that it can be correlated with properties. Intermittent-contact atomic force microscopy (AFM) of an acrylic waterborne PSA film identifies two components, which can be attributed to the polymer and the solids in the serum (mainly surfactant). It is found that when the average AFM tapping force, F(av), is relatively low, the polymer particles appear to be concave. But when F(av) is higher, the particles appear to have a convex shape. This observation is explained by a height artefact caused by differences in the indentation depths into the two components that vary with the tapping amplitude and F(av). To achieve the maximum contrast between the polymer and serum components, F(av) should be set such that the indentation depths are as different as possible. Unlike what is found for the height images, the phase contrast images of the PSA do not show a reversal in contrast over the range of tapping conditions applied. The phase images are thus reliable in distinguishing the two components of the PSA according to their viscoelastic properties. At the surface of films dried at room temperature, the serum component is found in localized regions within permanent depression into the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lei
- Department of Physics, School of Electronics and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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Pang WW, Lei CH, Chang DP, Tung CC, Huang MH. The effects of tramadol versus fentanyl in attenuating hemodynamic response following tracheal intubation. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 1999; 37:191-6. [PMID: 10670117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tramadol is a novel central acting analgesic. It has been used as a complement to general anesthesia and an effective agent for postoperative analgesia. However, the influence of tramadol on the hemodynamic response following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation is less known. METHODS Forty patients of both sexes, 16-50 year old, ASA physical status I or II, scheduled for elective surgery were randomly divided into equal groups in this prospective, double blind study. After obtaining the baseline data, the patient was given 3 micrograms/kg fentanyl (Group F) or 3 mg/kg tramadol (Group T). Then induction of anesthesia in a uniform and standardized manner was carried out by an anesthesiologist who was blind to the medication. The hemodynamic parameters were measured and recorded immediately after induction but prior to laryngoscopy, 3, 6, and 9 min after intubation, and before incision. We also observed any unusual effect in the postoperative care unit. Chi-square test, Student's t-test and paired t-test were used for statistical comparison. A P less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS All patients had a successful induction and intubation. Differences in baseline values were not significant, nor were the differences in the values following induction. After laryngoscopy and intubation, heart rate increased significantly above the baseline level in both groups. The increase of heart rate was significantly more at 6 and 9 min (P < 0.05) and lasted longer in the tramadol group. After intubation, systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressure (SAP, MAP, DAP) increased significantly above baseline in both groups too, except for DAP in fentanyl group. At 6 and 9 min, the MAP and DAP were significantly higher in tramadol than in fentanyl group (P < 0.05). Six patients in tramadol group had mild pain on injection of tramadol. CONCLUSIONS When administered right before thiopental induction, 3 mg/kg tramadol did not display a better attenuation against the increase of hemodynamic profiles than did 3 micrograms/kg fentanyl following tracheal intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Pang
- Department of Anesthesia, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, R.O.C.
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Pang WW, Lei CH, Chang DP, Yang TF, Chung YT, Huang MH. Acute jaundice in pregnancy: acute fatty liver or acute viral hepatitis? Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 1999; 37:167-70. [PMID: 10609353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
In this case, the difficulty in differential diagnosis between acute viral hepatitis and acute fatty liver of pregnancy was analyzed. These 2 conditions often raise controversal question regarding the decision making on emergency anesthesia for cesarean section to avert complications and optimize management. The dilemma in which an anesthesiologist is put is whether to promise the anesthesia straightaway in the face of a demonstrable acute jaundice in pregnancy to advise a postponement of surgery until a turn for the better. In this embarrassing situation, the authors suggest that a postpronement of surgery is rational to observe the development during which both the mother and the fetus should be closely monitored. Once the necessity of a cesarean section outweighs the benefit of transitional conservative treatment, it should be performed immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Pang
- Department of Anesthesia, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Ueng PP, Vincent JR, Kawata EE, Lei CH, Lister RM, Larkins BA. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the genomes of the MAV-PS1 and P-PAV isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus. J Gen Virol 1992; 73 ( Pt 2):487-92. [PMID: 1538199 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-73-2-487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The MAV-PS1 and P-PAV isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) are serologically related, but not identical. Both are transmitted by the aphid Macrosiphum avenae, but P-PAV is also transmitted by Rhopalosiphum padi. To evaluate the basis for these and other differences, overlapping clones from cDNA libraries representing the genome of each isolate were characterized by restriction enzyme digestion and by hybridization, and subsequently sequenced. Each genome has six positive strand open reading frames (ORFs) which are similar to those identified from a BYDV isolate from Australia (Vic-PAV). The greatest diversity between MAV-PS1 and P-PAV sequences was found in ORFs located in the 3' half of the respective genomes, in particular ORFs 5 and 6, suggesting that these regions of the genome may be involved in the properties that differentiate MAV-PS1 and P-PAV. Sequence comparisons between P-PAV and Vic-PAV showed a high degree of identity in that all ORFs showed greater than 90% amino acid similarity, except ORF6 which had only 69% similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Ueng
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1155
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Kettle WD, deNoyelles F, Lei CH. Oxygen consumption of zooplankton as affected by laboratory and field cadmium exposures. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1980; 25:547-553. [PMID: 7437557 DOI: 10.1007/bf01985570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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