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Chen LC, Chen YJ, Lin HA, Chien WC, Tsai KJ, Chung CH, Wang JY, Chen CC, Liao NS, Shih CT, Lin YY, Huang CN, Ojcius DM, Huang KY, Lin HC. Inactivation of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation and gout development via metabolic reprogramming. Immunol Suppl 2023. [PMID: 36708143 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeats, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in innate immunity and is involved in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases. Glycolysis regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. However, how lactic acid fermentation and pyruvate oxidation controlled by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) affect NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autoinflammatory disease remains elusive. We found that the inactivation of MPC with genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibitors, MSDC-0160 or pioglitazone, increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in macrophages. Glycolytic reprogramming induced by MPC inhibition skewed mitochondrial ATP-associated oxygen consumption into cytosolic lactate production, which enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. As pioglitazone is an insulin sens MSDC-itizer used for diabetes, its MPC inhibitory effect in diabetic individuals was investigated. The results showed that MPC inhibition exacerbated MSU-induced peritonitis in diabetic mice and increased the risk of gout in patients with diabetes. Altogether, we found that glycolysis controlled by MPC regulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and gout development. Accordingly, prescriptions for medications targeting MPC should consider the increased risk of NLRP3-related autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Chyang Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Artificial Intelligence and Medical Application, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Lin
- Division of Infection, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital SongShan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jou Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yang Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital SongShan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chou Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital SongShan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shih Liao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Tien Shih
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ning Huang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kuo-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Liu CC, Lee YC, Tsai VFS, Cheng KH, Wu WJ, Bao BY, Huang CN, Yeh HC, Tsai CC, Wang CJ, Huang SP. The interaction of serum testosterone levels and androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism on the risk of erectile dysfunction in aging Taiwanese men. Andrology 2015. [PMID: 26216079 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone has been found to play important roles in men's sexual function. However, the effects of testosterone can be modulated by androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat polymorphism. It could also contribute to the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this study is to evaluate the interaction of serum testosterone levels and AR CAG repeat polymorphism on the risk of ED in aging Taiwanese men. This cross-sectional data of Taiwanese men older than 40 years were collected from a free health screening held between August 2010 and August 2011 in Kaohsiung city, Taiwan. All participants completed a health questionnaires included five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the International Prostate Symptoms Score, received a detailed physical examination and provided 20 cm3 whole blood samples for biochemical and genetic evaluation. The IIEF-5 was used to evaluate ED. Serum albumin, total testosterone (TT), and sex hormone-binding globulin levels were measured. Free testosterone level was calculated. AR gene CAG repeat polymorphism was determined by direct sequencing. Finally, 478 men with the mean age of 55.7 ± 4.8 years were included. When TT levels were above 330 ng/dL, the effect of testosterone level on erectile function seemed to reach a plateau and a significantly negative correlation between AR CAG repeat length and the score of IIEF-5 was found (r = -0.119, p = 0.034). After adjusting for other covariates, the longer AR CAG repeat length was still an independent risk factor for ED in subjects with TT above 330 ng/dL (p = 0.006), but not in TT of 330 ng/dL or below. In conclusion, both serum testosterone levels and AR CAG repeat polymorphism can influence erectile function concomitantly. In subjects with normal TT concentration, those with longer AR CAG repeat lengths have a higher risk of developing ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Liu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Depratment of Urology, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Y C Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - V F S Tsai
- Department of Urology, Ten-Chan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - K H Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W J Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - B Y Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C N Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H C Yeh
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C C Tsai
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C J Wang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S P Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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3
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Wölz M, Lähnemann J, Brandt O, Kaganer VM, Ramsteiner M, Pfüller C, Hauswald C, Huang CN, Geelhaar L, Riechert H. Correlation between In content and emission wavelength of In(x)Ga(1-x)N/GaN nanowire heterostructures. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:455203. [PMID: 23085638 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/45/455203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
GaN nanowire ensembles with axial In(x)Ga(1-x)N multi-quantum-wells (MQWs) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. In a series of samples we varied the In content in the MQWs from almost zero to around 20%. Within the nanowire ensemble, the MQWs fluctuate strongly in composition and size. Statistical information about the composition was obtained from x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Photoluminescence at room temperature was obtained in the range of 2.2 to 2.5 eV, depending on In content. Contrary to planar MQWs, the intensity increases with increasing In content. We compare the observed emission energies with transition energies obtained from a one-dimensional model, and conclude that several mechanisms for carrier localization affect the luminescence of these three-dimensional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wölz
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Gardenia, the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, has been widely used to treat liver and gall bladder disorders in Chinese medicine. It has been shown recently that geniposide, the main ingredient of Gardenia Fructus, exhibits the anti-tumor effect. In this review, we discuss the anti-tumor effect and possible mechanisms of a derivative from Gardenia Fructus, penta-acetyl geniposide ((Ac)5GP). It has been demonstrated that (Ac)5GP plays more potent roles than geniposide in chemoprevention. (Ac)5GP decreased DNA damage and hepatocarcinogenesis induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by activating the phase II enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px). It reduced the growth and development of inoculated C6 glioma cells especially in pre-treated rats. In addition to the preventive effect, (Ac)5GP exerts its actions on apoptosis and growth arrest. Treatment of (Ac)5GP caused DNA fragmentation of glioma cells. (Ac)5GP induced sub- G1 peak through the activation of apoptotic cascades PKCdelta/JNK/Fas/caspase8 and caspase 3. Besides, p53/Bax signaling was suggested to be involved in (Ac)5GP-induced apoptosis, though its downstream cascades needs further clarified. (Ac)5GP has also been shown to inhibit DNA synthesis of tumor cells. It arrested cell cycle at G0/ G1 by inducing the expression of p21, thus suppressing the cyclin D1/cdk4 complex formation and the phosphorylation of E2F. The phosphorylation status of p53 on serine 392 correlated with the process of growth arrest. Evidences from the in vivo experiments showed that (Ac)5GP is not harmful to liver, heart and kidney. In conclusion, (Ac)5GP is highly suggested to be an anti-tumor agent for development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Peng
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Sha Lu, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee YL, Huang CN, Huang CH. Testicular infarction associated with protein S deficiency. J Urol 2001; 165:1220-1. [PMID: 11257684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y L Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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6
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure telomerase activity in upper tract urothelial carcinomas (as renal pelvic tumours comprise nearly half of all kidney tumours in Taiwan, a much higher percentage than in other countries) and to determine whether telomerase activity could be used as an additional diagnostic marker in exfoliated cancer cells present in upper tract urothelial washing fluids, thus providing earlier diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods Telomerase activity was assessed using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay in tissue samples from 31 upper tract urothelial carcinomas (from 29 patients). The feasibility of identifying cancer using telomerase activity in exfoliated cancer cells in 17 upper tract urothelial washing samples was also investigated. RESULTS Telomerase activity was found in 30 (97%) of the 31 upper tract urothelial cancer tissue samples; telomerase activity was detectable in 95% of superficial cancers and in all 11 invasive tumours. The sensitivity of measuring telomerase activity was 100% for grade 1, 93% for grade 2 and 100% for grade 3 tumours. In contrast, telomerase activity was detected in only two (8%) of 26 normal adjacent tissue samples. When the telomerase activity of urothelial washing fluid was compared with that in the corresponding tumours, there was compatible telomerase activity in 15 of the 17 samples. Telomerase activity was more sensitive than voided urine cytology (15%) and washing fluid cytology (53%). In addition, the telomerase activity was high in metastatic lesions. CONCLUSION Telomerase activity is present in most upper tract urothelial cancer tissues and may be present at an early stage of carcinogenesis. Telomerase activity can be detected in exfoliated cells in urothelial washing fluids in a high proportion of patients with upper tract urothelial cancer. These results suggest that measuring telomerase activity in the exfoliated cancer cells obtained from urothelial washing could be a potentially useful addition to the conventional diagnostic tools used to identify patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Wu
- Departments of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University and Municipal Hsiao Kang Hospital, and Department of Microbiology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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7
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Wang JH, Bian HW, Huang CN, Ge JG. [Studies on the application of antifreeze proteins in cryopreservation of rice suspension cells]. Shi Yan Sheng Wu Xue Bao 1999; 32:271-6. [PMID: 12548809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
AFP from winter flounder was utilized in cryopreservation of plant cells. During cryopreservation of rice suspension cells by two-step method, AFP at 0.01 mg/ml damaged the cells extremely. The data obtained at relatively high concentration, however, decreased the variability of survival rate. During vitrification of rice cells, AFP at 0.2 mg/ml enhanced the viability. However, high concentration AFP (> 5 mg/ml) decreased the recovery rate. Studies indicated that the results of application of AFP in cryopreservation were closely related to the concentration of cryoprotectant. The amount of ice crystal in environment, the concentration of AFP and cryoprotectant, and the composition of plasma membrane were several key factors affecting the results of AFP application. In mechanism analysis, the authors suggested that on one hand AFP can interact with ice crystal, which inhibits ice recrystallization and prevent the cells from devitrification. On the other hand, AFP also can interact with cell membrane, resulting in the ice growth around the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Wang
- College of Life Science, Hangzhou University, Hangzhou 310012
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8
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Chou YH, Chan HK, Huang CN, Huang CH. [Torsion of the appendix testis]. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1999; 15:322-5. [PMID: 10441939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of an acute scrotum includes spermatic cord torsion, torsion of a testicular appendage, torsion of spermatocele, epididymitis, orchitis, trauma, hernia, testicular segmental infraction and tumor. Among these, torsion of appendix testis could got dramatic improvement if accurately diagnosed and treated. 5 patients of torsion of appendix testis have been identified in our hospital in the recent 5 years. Ages ranged from 9 to 13 years old (mean age 11). The lesions were on the right side in 2 cases and left side in 3 cases. Duration of scrotal pain ranged from 2 to 7 days (mean of 4 days). The urine analyses were normal in all cases. The white blood counts were all within normal limits with mean of 5.72 x 10(3)/ul. No abnormality in passing urine or other infectious sign could be detected. Doppler ultrasonography or nuclear medicine testicular scan were performed selectively due to clinical availability. The result was equivocal and did not support a definite diagnosis. All 5 cases received surgical treatment. The necrotic testicular appendix was excised and reactive hydrocele treated. All the patients were discharged from the hospital the day after operation and recovered quickly. The pathological report revealed congestion and extensive hemorrhagic necrosis of the testicular appendix. Advances in technology have been helpful in improving the accuracy of diagnosis but technology is not infallible and an over reliance on it can also result in misdiagnosis. Various reports supporting the use of scrotal ultrasound in evaluating cases of acute scrotum pain. Ultrasonography has definitely helped in detecting scrotal pathology but its limitations need to be appreciated. Because of the difficulty of making an accurate diagnosis in acute scrotum, misdiagnosis and delayed operation offer result in disappointment of testis salvage rates. We have supported a policy of early scrotal exploration in any case suspicious of torsion of appendix testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Chou
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Huang CN, Lo CM, Hsu TC, Tsay GJ. Sera from patients with scleroderma inhibit fibroblast micromotions monitored electrically. J Rheumatol Suppl 1999; 26:1312-7. [PMID: 10381049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate scleroderma fibroblast behavior, and the effect of different human sera on fibroblast behavior, we established a model using the newly developed electrical biosensor, electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). METHODS Cellular locomotion, defined as cellular micromotion, measured by ECIS indicates the dynamic vertical motion of a given group of cells. The junctional resistance (Rb) between adjacent cells and the average height (h) between basal cell surface and substratum derived from ECIS were quantified for dermal fibroblasts obtained from patients with scleroderma and normal controls. The cellular micromotions of both scleroderma and normal control fibroblasts were compared in the presence of different human sera, including those from patients with scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and from normal individuals. RESULTS The Rb and h levels for scleroderma and normal fibroblasts were 2.7 omega.cm2, 150 nm and 0.8 omega.cm2, 303 nm respectively. The micromotions of scleroderma fibroblasts were more active than those of normal fibroblasts. Sera from patients with scleroderma can inhibit the micromotions of normal fibroblasts but not those of scleroderma fibroblasts, while sera from patients with SLE and SS have no inhibitory effect on either normal or scleroderma fibroblast micromotions. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the previously unrecognized characteristics of dermal fibroblasts and sera derived from patients with scleroderma. It is possible that in vivo activities cause scleroderma fibroblasts to display active cellular micromotions, while sera from patients with scleroderma inhibit the micromotions of normal fibroblasts. The use of ECIS technology has also provided a new approach to the study of scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Cheng WY, Jiang YD, Chuang LM, Huang CN, Heng LT, Wu HP, Tai TY, Lin BJ. Quantitative sensory testing and risk factors of diabetic sensory neuropathy. J Neurol 1999; 246:394-8. [PMID: 10399873 DOI: 10.1007/s004150050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify risk factors for diabetic peripheral sensory neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population. Peripheral sensory neuropathy was detected by quantitative sensory testing (5.07/10 g monofilament, neurometer and 128-Hz Riedel Seiffert graduated tuning fork). Those who had two or more abnormal quantitative sensory testings were defined as having diabetic sensory neuropathy. Of the 558 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitits subjects, 62 (11.1%) had peripheral neuropathy. In 59 (10.6%) detection was by monofilament testing, 45 (8.1%) by graduated tuning fork, and 189 (33.9%) by neurometer. In a multivariate logistic regression model, age and insulin therapy were significantly associated with peripheral neuropathy. Age, serum triglyceride, height, and fasting plasma glucose were independently associated with large fiber neuropathy. Our results confirm the previously identified multiple risk factors of diabetic neuropathy. Different quantitative sensory testings detect different nerve fiber defects. The weak correlation between these tests indicates the need to use more than one test in screening for diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tein Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang CN, Lee KC, Wu HP, Tai TY, Lin BJ, Chuang LM. Screening for the Gly40Ser mutation in the glucagon receptor gene among patients with type 2 diabetes or essential hypertension in Taiwan. Pancreas 1999; 18:151-5. [PMID: 10090412 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-199903000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
As a major counterregulatory hormone of insulin, glucagon plays an important role in regulating glucose homeostasis through its binding to the glucagon receptor. Recently a missense mutation in the glucagon-receptor gene (Gly40Ser) was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes in France and Sardinia, with a frequency as high as 4.6% and 8.3%, respectively. This mutation was also found to be associated with essential hypertension in the white population with a frequency of 5.4%. To investigate the role of this mutation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension in Taiwanese population, we screened 121 normal controls, 213 unrelated subjects with type 2 diabetes, and 107 unrelated subjects with essential hypertension by use of polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). None of the Taiwanese subjects recruited in the study had this receptor mutation. Our results demonstrate a strong genetic heterogeneity among the ethnic group and suggest that the Gly40Ser mutation of the glucagon receptor gene plays little role, if any, in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension in the Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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12
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Kuo YT, Chen MT, Liu GC, Huang CN, Huang CL, Huang CH. Emphysematous pyelonephritis: imaging diagnosis and follow-up. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1999; 15:159-70. [PMID: 10224840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted the study to evaluate the efficacy and roles of different imaging modalities in the diagnosis and follow-up of emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) and to correlate imaging findings with clinical outcome. Retrospective analysis of the imaging studies and clinical outcome were performed in 28 consecutive patients with EPN. They were all initially treated with CT-guided percutaneous drainage (PCD). The imaging studies performed included plain abdominal radiography (KUB) (n = 28), sonography (US)(n = 24), intravenous urography (IVU)(n = 5), retrograde pyelography (RP)(n = 20) and computed tomography (CT)(n = 28). Follow-up imaging studies included CT(n = 23) and renal scintigraphy (n = 15). The sensitivities of detecting abnormal gas in EPN on KUB and US were 66% and 88%. The mortality rate was 11%, not associated with different types, stages or renal involvement. On the follow-up CT performed within one month of PCD, type I EPN evolved into type II in 86% of the cases. On the long-term follow-up CT, renal atrophy and focal scarring were revealed in the diffuse and focal renal involvement of EPN. The mean split renal function shown on the follow-up scintigraphy was 30%. We concluded KUB and US were valuable for screening EPN, although CT was the most specific and sensitive. Follow-up CT studies not only demonstrate the response of treatment but also depict the different courses and the results of different types and renal involvement of EPN, although not associated with mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Kuo
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Huang CN, Tsai JL, Chen MT, Wu WJ, Kuo KW, Huang CH. Changes in the activities of mitochondrial enzymes in the progress of tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1998; 46:375-83. [PMID: 9801805 DOI: 10.1080/15216549800203882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate changes in the activities of mitochondrial enzymes in the progress of tumorigenesis of bladder cancer, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) carcinogen was administered orally to male Sprague-Dawley rats for eight weeks. The urinary bladders were harvested periodically for the evaluation of tumorigenesis. The activities of NADH cytochrome c reductase (NCCR), succinate cytochrone c reductase (SCCR) and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) were measured. The NCCR and SCCR activities elevated significantly by the exposure of BBN and decreased rapidly when BBN was withdrawn. However, the CCO activity increased and reached plateau at 18 weeks in spite of the discontinuance of BBN. The results indicated that the NCCR, SCCR and CCO activities were significantly elevated in the tumorigenesis. However, the CCO enzyme may be more related to the progress of tumorigenesis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan
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Chuang LM, Lee KC, Huang CN, Wu HP, Tai TY, Lin BJ. Role of S20G mutation of amylin gene in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and type II diabetes mellitus in Taiwanese patients. Diabetologia 1998; 41:1250-1. [PMID: 9794116 DOI: 10.1007/s001250051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wu SL, Chang TC, Huang CN, Chuang LM, Chang TJ. Germline RET proto-oncogene mutations in two Taiwanese families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. J Formos Med Assoc 1998; 97:614-8. [PMID: 9795529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the germline RET proto-oncogene mutations in Taiwanese families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A), we extracted DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes of 28 members of two families with MEN 2A. Oligonucleotide primers for exons 10 and 11 were used to analyze the nucleotide sequence of codons 609, 611, 618, and 620 of exon 10, and codon 634 of exon 11 of the RET proto-oncogene. Two fragments of genomic DNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified PCR products were separated and purified from primers and free nucleotides in agarose gels, and the expected 187-bp and 234-bp bands were cut from the gels and sequenced. Thirteen family members in the two MEN 2A kindreds had mutations in codon 634 of exon 11. In kindred 1 (15 members available for this study), a heterozygous codon 634 mutation in nine members and a homozygous codon 634 mutation in one member led to the substitution of Phe (TTC) for Cys (TGC). Three members of kindred 2 (13 members available for this study) had a heterozygous base pair change in codon 634, which led to the substitution of Arg (CGC) for Cys (TGC). In this study, we found two mutation events occurring in two MEN 2A kindreds and also discovered a homozygous point mutation in one woman that led to heterozygous mutations in all of her children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
We report a 28-year-old young male with MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) presenting with two previous episodes of stroke-like manifestation, lactic acidosis and mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. He was also affected with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), as diagnosed by the experience of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and dependence on insulin therapy. On admission, the serum lactate level was found to be increased to 5.4 mmol/l, and plasma glucose level to 7.9 mmol/l with haemoglobin A1c 8.4%, while he was using insulin 26-30 units per day. Physical examination revealed a short stature male of height of 150 cm and weight of 49 kg. Mild mental retardation with bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment was observed. After glucagon stimulation, C-peptide levels rose from 0.46 nmol/l to 0.53 nmol/l, indicative of impaired insulin secretion. Anti-glutamate decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibody was positive. In addition, human leucocyte associated antigen (HLA) typing showed DR3 and DR4, suggesting the strong contribution of autoimmunity to the pathogenesis of IDDM in this patient. Moreover, the result of a treadmill exercise test was positive due to inferior wall myocardial ischaemia. Cardiac catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy disclosed a normal coronary angiogram and confirmed the diagnosis of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Molecular genetic analysis of his family revealed a sporadic occurrence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation at base pair (bp) 3243. The degree of heteroplasmy of mtDNA mutation from a total of 19 passages of skin-derived fibroblasts from this patient showed a slightly downward trend. This extremely rare case of sporadic MELAS syndrome with autoimmune IDDM harbouring mtDNA mutation highlights the possible pathogenetic role of mtDNA mutations in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, ROC
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17
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Huang CN, Wu SL, Chang TC, Huang SH, Chang TJ. RET protooncogene mutations in patients with apparently sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. J Formos Med Assoc 1998; 97:541-6. [PMID: 9747064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined RET protooncogene mutations in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequencing. DNA was extracted from tumor tissue and peripheral blood leukocytes of seven unrelated individuals with apparently sporadic MTC. Oligonucleotide primers were selected to amplify exons 10, 11, 13, 15, and 16 of the RET protooncogene, to examine the sequences of codons 609, 611, 618, and 620 of exon 10, codon 634 of exon 11, codon 768 of exon 13, codon 883 of exon 15, and codon 918 of exon 16. Direct DNA sequencing from PCR products was then performed. The results showed that one patient had a somatic mutation at codon 918 (ATG-->ACG), causing a Met-->Thr substitution. One patient had a de novo germline mutation at codon 634 (TGC-->CGC), causing a Cys-->Arg substitution. Another patient had a germline mutation at codon 634 (TGC-->TTC), causing a Cys-->Phe substitution. In the remaining four cases, no RET mutations were found. Unexpectedly, two offspring of the patient (a female) with a germline mutation at codon 634 (TGC-->TTC) harbored homozygous alleles for the mutation; because the father did not carry this mutation, the other affected allele was suspected to have resulted from a de novo germline mutation of paternal origin. One of these offspring was subsequently diagnosed as having MTC. Our findings suggest that all patients with apparently sporadic MTC should be screened for the RET protooncogene by molecular analysis to detect occult or de novo multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN 2) or familial MTC. This would allow early treatment of affected family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD). Genetic susceptibility to autoantibody formation in association with ATD and type 1 diabetes mellitus has been described with varying frequencies, but there is still debate about the situation in the Chinese population. We have, therefore, investigated the prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) in type 1 diabetic patients, and compared the effect of anti-glutamate decarboxylase (anti-GAD) on the thyroid autoimmunity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Two hundred and forty-three subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and seventy unrelated normal controls were recruited for the detection of anti-TPO. Two hundred and seventeen sera from two hundred and forty-three type 1 diabetic patients were tested for anti-GAD. RIA and immunoprecipitation were used for anti-TPO and anti-GAD detection respectively. RESULTS The intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation of anti-TPO detected by the RIA method ranged from 5.5% to 11.1%. Among 243 type 1 diabetic patients, 53 (21.8%) were positive for anti-TPO. Compared with those without thyroid autoimmunity, there was a female preponderance for the type 1 diabetic patients with thyroid autoimmunity (female:male, 99:91 vs 37:16 respectively). Among the type 1 diabetic patients with thyroid autoimmunity, anti-TPO tended to occur in those of older age or with long-standing disease. The frequency of anti-GAD was 45.6%, (99 of 217), without gender preponderance (males:females, 18.0% vs 27.61%). Compared with those with negative anti-GAD, no significant difference of anti-TPO positivity for the type 1 diabetic patients with positive anti-GAD was found. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that the RIA method for anti-TPO detection is sensitive and precise for routine clinical use. The presence of anti-TPO in 21.8% of our type 1 diabetic patients confirmed the strong association of ATD and type 1 diabetes mellitus without ethnic differences. The absence of correlation between anti-TPO and anti-GAD in our type 1 diabetic patients suggested genetic heterogeneity in the role of autoimmunity of type 1 diabetes mellitus and ATD among races.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Chen MT, Huang CN, Chou YH, Huang CH, Chiang CP, Liu GC. Percutaneous drainage in the treatment of emphysematous pyelonephritis: 10-year experience. J Urol 1997; 157:1569-73. [PMID: 9112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effect of percutaneous drainage for the treatment of emphysematous pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was done of 25 patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis who were treated initially with computerized tomography (CT) guided percutaneous drainage during a 10-year period. The patients were concomitantly treated with antibiotics, fluids, and correcting blood glucose and/or ureteral obstruction. We also compared our results of percutaneous drainage to CT findings. RESULTS CT identified 12 patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis who had gas with little fluid and 13 who had gas with renal or perirenal fluid collections. In 20 of 25 patients (80%) antibiotic therapy combined with percutaneous drainage constituted the only treatment required. Three patients (12%) whose clinical status improved after percutaneous drainage subsequently underwent elective nephrectomy without further complications. Two patients (8%) died of multiple organ failure. There was no correlation between the gas patterns of emphysematous pyelonephritis and initial success with the antibiotics and percutaneous drainage. There were no recurrences and no complications during a followup of 1 to 10 years (mean 5). Mean duration of treatment was 5.54 weeks (range 1 to 12.6). CONCLUSIONS CT is an efficient imaging method for diagnosis, guiding the drainage procedures and monitoring response to percutaneous drainage of emphysematous pyelonephritis. Antibiotic therapy combined with CT guided percutaneous drainage of emphysematous pyelonephritis is an acceptable alternative to antibiotic therapy with surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Chen
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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20
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Tsay GJ, Wang CL, Chen TY, Huang CN, Hsu TC. SS-A/Ro antibodies in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc 1996; 95:905-10. [PMID: 9000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum from 53 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 23 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were studied for anti-52-kDa SS-A/Ro, anti-60-kDa SS-A/Ro, and anti-SS-B/La antibodies by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By immunoblotting, anti-SS-A/Ro was detected in 16 (30%) patients with SLE and 17 (74%) patients with SS. Anti-SS-B/La was detected in 22 (41%) patients with SLE and 15 (65%) patients with SS. Serum from 14 of the 16 SLE patients with anti-SS-A/Ro reacted with the 60-kDa protein and 15 serum samples from these patients recognized the 52-kDa protein. Serum with anti-60-kDa SS-A/Ro alone was not found. Serum from all of the 17 SS patients with anti-SS-A/Ro reacted with the 52-kDa protein, whereas serum from only two of these patients recognized the 60-kDa protein. By ELISA, the frequency of anti-SS-A/Ro (antibodies to the 60-kDa and/or 52-kDa of SS-A/Ro proteins) in patients with SLE and SS was 43/53 (81%) and 15/23 (65%), respectively. Anti-48-kDa SS-B/La was found in 28% and 48% of SLE and SS patients, respectively. Serum from 77% of SLE patients and 48% of SS patients reacted with the 60-kDa SS-A/Ro protein. Serum from 45% of SLE patients and 52% of SS patients reacted with the 52-kDa SS-A/Ro protein. Patients with SLE had significantly higher titers of antibodies to 60-kDa SS-A/Ro compared with patients with SS. Anti-SS-A/Ro and anti-SS-B/La are common in both SLE and SS. The different reactivities of anti-52-kDa and anti-60-kDa antibodies in serum from patients with SLE and SS may represent differences in conformation-dependent epitopes of SS-A/Ro autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Tsay
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Wang CN, Huang CH, Chiang CP, Chou YH, Wang CJ, Chen MT, Wu WJ, Huang CN, Chiang PH. Recent experience of penile fracture (1989-1993). Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1995; 11:654-9. [PMID: 8551525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Penile fracture is an uncommon injury in the genitourinary organ which occurs following a blunt injury on the rigid penis. Penile fracture with urethral injury is even rarer. A total of 11 new patients with penile fracture were treated at our institution from 1989 to 1993. All of these injuries occurred during sexual intercourse and received immediate surgical repair to preserve the sexual function. Only one patient with complete transection of the urethra received end-to-end anastomosis of the urethra. Unfortunately, he suffered from urethral-cutaneous fistula ten days later. Suprapubic urinary diversion was performed in 3 patients with partial urethral tearing, and they enjoyed satisfactory outcomes during the limited follow-up. Immediate surgical repair of tunica albuginea is recommended for preserving penile function. If associated with partial urethral tear, suprapubic urinary diversion is sufficient to treat urethral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Wang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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22
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Wang CN, Huang CN, Hsiao PH, Chou YH, Huang CH. An unusual testicular metastasis from transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter: a case report. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1995; 11:578-581. [PMID: 7494239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Testicular tumor metastasis from transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the ureter is very rare. Herein, we report a case who presented with a palpable mass of left testis, after he underwent radical nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for the TCC of left ureter tumor for 5 months. We performed left radical orchiectomy and histology revealed a TCC identical to the original ureteral tumor. In a review of the literature, we found this case was the second case of metastatic testicular tumor from the ureteral TCC. In patients presenting the symptom of a palpable testicular mass, if they are known to have a ureteral TCC, metastatic neoplasm should be considered in the differential diagnosis, even if in the absence of other systemic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Wang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Huang CN, Wang JH, Yan QS, Zhang XQ, Yan QF. Plant regeneration from rice (Oryza sativa L.) embryogenic suspension cells cryopreserved by vitrification. Plant Cell Rep 1995; 14:730-734. [PMID: 24186632 DOI: 10.1007/bf00232657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/1994] [Revised: 01/23/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice cells were precultured for 10 d in medium containing 60 g/L sucrose and subsequently for 1 d in medium supplemented with 0. 4 M sorbitol. After loading with 25%PVS2 at 22°C for 10 min and dehydration in 100%PVS2 at 0°C for 7. 5 min,they were plunged into liquid nitrogen directly. Survival was 45. 0 ±5.1% (based on the reduction of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride)following warming and unloading. For regrowth, cells were plated on semi-solid medium replenished with 40%(w/v) starch for 2d prior to reculture. Cell suspensions were reestablished and plants were regenerated from recovered cells. Twenty eight plants set seeds in the greenhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Hangzhou University, 310028, Hangzhou, P.R.China
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24
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Wang CN, Huang CN, Chen MT, Chou YH, Huang CH, Chiang CP. [Epidermoid cyst of testis: benign testicular tumor]. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1995; 11:39-42. [PMID: 7707449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epidermoid cyst of the testis is very rare and accounts for approximately 1% of all testicular tumors. In the clinical examination, the testis has a palpable mass. Pathological findings usually reveal a squamous cell lined cyst, containing keratin, and the absence of appendages and teratoma element. If scrotum ultrasonography reveals a target sign suggestive of epidermoid cyst, the testis should be explored through an inguinal incision. Clamp the spermatic cord gently, and perform tumor enucleation. The frozen section is available at the time to check for any malignant cells. If no malignant cells exist, it is important to perform testis-preserving surgery, especially for young adults and children. We report two cases of epidermoid cyst. Serum beta-HCG and alpha-fetoprotein were within normal limits. We review our experience with scrotum ultrasonography and testis-preserving surgery in 2 men with epidermoid cyst to indicate when the clinical and intraoperative characteristics justify testis-preserving management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Wang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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25
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Chen YJ, Huang CN, Wu WJ, Chiang PH, Huang CH, Chang SF. The altered expression of cytokeratin polypeptides in carcinomas of human bladder. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1994; 10:9-15. [PMID: 7513767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
After extraction in high salt buffers and Triton X-100, cytokeratin polypeptides could be isolated from normal epithelium and transitional cell carcinoma of the human bladder in the southwestern coast of Taiwan. The polypeptides were solubilized via lysis buffer, separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and identified by immunoblot. Five cases of normal epithelium expressed cytokeratin No. 5 (58 kd), 7 (54 kd), 18 (45 kd) and one case further expressed cytokeratin No. 19 (40 kd) in addition to the above cytokeratins. Combined patterns of cytokeratin polypeptides were observed among various Grades of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. Comparing the patterns between the normal epithelium and the transitional cell carcinoma of bladder, 88% (14/16) of carcinomas expressed cytokeratin No. 8 (52.5 kd) and 63% (10/16) expressed No. 17 (46 kd), which were not seen in the normal epithelium. Some other cytokeratin polypeptides particular to carcinomas were No. 4 (59 kd), No. 10 (56.5 kd), No. 13 (54 kd) and No. 14 (50 kd) and were only present in less than 50% (ranging from 31-56%) of the examined specimens. Thus cytokeratin No. 8 and 17 could be helpful markers for diagnosis of bladder carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
A 42-year-old man developed acute myocardial infarction 20 minutes following transnasal inhalation of amphetamine. To our knowledge, no cases of amphetamine-induced myocardial infarction by transnasal inhalation have ever been reported. Consequently its pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shang Medical and Dental College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wu WJ, Huang CH, Chiang CP, Huang CN, Wang CN. Urolithiasis related to laxative abuse. J Formos Med Assoc 1993; 92:1004-6. [PMID: 7910057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary calcareous disease related to laxative abuse is rare. The gastrointestinal loss of fluid and electrolytes leads to chronic depletion of the urinary volume, relative supersaturation and many other pathophysiologic derangements. These calculi are generally radiolucent with uric acid and ammonium acid urate as major components. We report on a female patient with frequent, repetitive formation of urinary calculi and rapid double J stent encrustation, which were related to the chronic abuse of bisacodyl. Although these stones can be fragmented successfully by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, it seems that the better treatment for this type of stone formation is to avoid the abuse of laxatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wu WJ, Chen MT, Huang CN, Huang CH, Chiang CP, Chang LL. Experience in the morbidity associated with double-J catheter indwelling and its management. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1993; 9:532-9. [PMID: 8271327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Placement of internal ureteral stents for internal urinary diversion and prevention of urological complications has been well established. However, indwelling stents have occasionally been associated with patient morbidity and intolerance. A total of 255 patients while the internal ureteral stent had been used were analyzed. The symptoms including urinary frequency (42.0%), hematuria (41.6%) and suprapubic pain (20.4%), loin pain (17.3%) and micturition pain (16.9%) accounted for the major complaints of the stent indwelling patients. The major complications, i.e. stent migration, heavy encrustation, pyelonephritis, fragmentation, intolerance and penetration of collecting structure, were occasionally observed. These complications increase secondary morbidity in patients. The double-J stents should be used carefully with regard to the prevention and treatment of untoward conditions as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Republic of China
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Liu SX, Huang CN. Life table method for analyzing relationship between smoking and hypertension. Chin Med J (Engl) 1989; 102:765-7. [PMID: 2517057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The life table method is introduced for describing the relationship of smoking amount to prevalence rate of hypertension. The smoking level at different sex groups are collected and grouped according to their cumulative smoking amount. Using the total number of peasants, and the number of hypertensives in each group, one is able to calculate the probability of occurrence of hypertension for each dose group as well as for each cumulative dose group, which indicated that there was a dose-effect curve in estimating the relationship between the cumulative smoking and the probability of hypertension, and females presented a significantly higher probability of hypertension than males in same smoking level.
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Huang CN, Liu SX. [A study on the relationship between smoking and hypertension by using life table analysis]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 1988; 9:288-90. [PMID: 3265894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Bush DS, Cornejo MJ, Huang CN, Jones RL. Ca-stimulated secretion of alpha-amylase during development in barley aleurone protoplasts. Plant Physiol 1986; 82:566-74. [PMID: 16665068 PMCID: PMC1056159 DOI: 10.1104/pp.82.2.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) and Ca(2+) on the synthesis and secretion of alpha-amylase from protoplasts of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Himalaya) aleurone were studied. Protoplasts undergo dramatic morphological changes whether or not the incubation medium contains GA(3), CaCl(2), or both. Incubation of protoplasts in medium containing both GA(3) and Ca(2+), however, causes an increase in the alpha-amylase activity of both incubation medium and tissue extract relative to controls incubated in GA(3) or Ca(2+) alone. Isoelectric focusing shows that adding Ca(2+) to incubation media containing GA(3) increases the levels of alpha-amylase isozymes having high isoelectric points (pI). In the presence of GA(3) alone, only isozymes with low pIs accumulate. The increase in alpha-amylase activity in the incubation medium begins after 36 hours of incubation, and secretion is complete after about 72 hours. Protoplasts require continuous exposure to Ca(2+) to maintain elevated levels of alpha-amylase release. Immunoelectrophoresis shows that Ca(2+) stimulates the release of low-pI alpha-amylase isozymes by 3-fold and high-pI isozymes by 30-fold over controls incubated in GA(3) alone. Immunochemical data also show that the half-maximum concentration for this response is between 5 and 10 millimolar CaCl(2). The response is not specific for Ca(2+) since Sr(2+) can substitute, although less effectively than Ca(2+). Pulse-labeling experiments show that alpha-amylase isozymes produced by aleurone protoplasts in response to GA(3) and Ca(2+) are newly synthesized. The effects of Ca(2+) on the process of enzyme synthesis and secretion is not mediated via an effect of this ion on alpha-amylase stability or on protoplast viability. We conclude that Ca(2+) directly affects the process of enzyme synthesis and transport. Experiments with protoplasts also argue against the direct involvement of the cell wall in Ca(2+)-stimulated enzyme release.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Bush
- Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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32
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Huang CN. [Theoretical and epidemiological study of esophageal carcinoma]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 1982; 3:97-100. [PMID: 7185454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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