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Chen LC, Chen YJ, Lin HA, Chien WC, Tsai KJ, Chung CH, Wang JY, Chen CC, Liao NS, Shih CT, Lin YY, Huang CN, Ojcius DM, Huang KY, Lin HC. Inactivation of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation and gout development via metabolic reprogramming. Immunol Suppl 2023. [PMID: 36708143 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeats, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in innate immunity and is involved in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases. Glycolysis regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. However, how lactic acid fermentation and pyruvate oxidation controlled by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) affect NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autoinflammatory disease remains elusive. We found that the inactivation of MPC with genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibitors, MSDC-0160 or pioglitazone, increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in macrophages. Glycolytic reprogramming induced by MPC inhibition skewed mitochondrial ATP-associated oxygen consumption into cytosolic lactate production, which enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. As pioglitazone is an insulin sens MSDC-itizer used for diabetes, its MPC inhibitory effect in diabetic individuals was investigated. The results showed that MPC inhibition exacerbated MSU-induced peritonitis in diabetic mice and increased the risk of gout in patients with diabetes. Altogether, we found that glycolysis controlled by MPC regulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and gout development. Accordingly, prescriptions for medications targeting MPC should consider the increased risk of NLRP3-related autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Chyang Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Artificial Intelligence and Medical Application, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Lin
- Division of Infection, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital SongShan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jou Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yang Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital SongShan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chou Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital SongShan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shih Liao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Tien Shih
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ning Huang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kuo-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Chung IC, OuYang CN, Yuan SN, Lin HC, Huang KY, Wu PS, Liu CY, Tsai KJ, Loi LK, Chen YJ, Chung AK, Ojcius DM, Chang YS, Chen LC. Pretreatment with a Heat-Killed Probiotic Modulates the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030516. [PMID: 30823406 PMCID: PMC6471765 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Inflammation contributes to cancer development and inflammatory bowel disease is an important risk factor for CRC. The aim of this study is to assess whether a widely used probiotic Enterococcus faecalis can modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome and protect against colitis and colitis-associated CRC. We studied the effect of heat-killed cells of E. faecalis on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1-derived macrophages. Pretreatment of E. faecalis or NLRP3 siRNA can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages in response to fecal content or commensal microbes, P. mirabilis or E. coli, according to the reduction of caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation. Mechanistically, E. faecalis attenuates the phagocytosis that is required for the full activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In in vivo mouse experiments, E. faecalis can ameliorate the severity of intestinal inflammation and thereby protect mice from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and the formation of CRC in wild type mice. On the other hand, E. faecalis cannot prevent DSS-induced colitis in NLRP3 knockout mice. Our findings indicate that application of the inactivated probiotic, E. faecalis, may be a useful and safe strategy for attenuation of NLRP3-mediated colitis and inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Che Chung
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Nan OuYang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Ning Yuan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Chung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Pao-Shu Wu
- Department of Pathology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan.
| | - Kuen-Jou Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan.
| | - Lai-Keng Loi
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Minutesg University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan.
| | - An-Ko Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA.
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan.
| | - Lih-Chyang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
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Tsai KJ, Hsieh PM. Reduced port number in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis following percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2017; 99:658-659. [PMID: 29022801 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K J Tsai
- E-Da Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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Tsai KJ, Hsu WC, Chuang WC, Chang JC, Tu YC, Tsai HJ, Liu HF, Wang FI, Lee SH. Emergence of a sylvatic enzootic formosan ferret badger-associated rabies in Taiwan and the geographical separation of two phylogenetic groups of rabies viruses. Vet Microbiol 2015; 182:28-34. [PMID: 26711025 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taiwan had been declared rabies-free in humans and domestic animals for five decades until July 2013, when surprisingly, three Formosan ferret badgers (FB) were diagnosed with rabies. Since then, a variety of wild carnivores and other wildlife species have been found dead, neurologically ill, or exhibiting aggressive behaviors around the island. To determine the affected animal species, geographic areas, and environments, animal bodies were examined for rabies by direct fluorescent antibody test (FAT). The viral genomes from the brains of selected rabid animals were sequenced for the phylogeny of rabies viruses (RABV). Out of a total of 1016 wild carnivores, 276/831 (33.2%) Formosan FBs were FAT positive, with occasional biting incidents in 1 dog and suspected spillover in 1 house shrew. All other animals tested, including dogs, cats, bats, mice, house shrews, and squirrels, were rabies-negative. The rabies was badger-associated and confined to nine counties/cities in sylvatic environments. Phylogeny of nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes from 59 Formosan FB-associated RABV revealed them to be clustered in two distinct groups, TWI and TWII, consistent with the geographic segregation into western and eastern Taiwan provided by the Central Mountain Range and into northern rabies-free and central-southern rabies-affected regions by a river bisecting western Taiwan. The unique features of geographic and genetic segregation, sylvatic enzooticity, and FB-association of RABV suggest a logical strategy for the control of rabies in this nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Tsai
- Animal Health Research Institute, No.376, Chung-Cheng Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - W C Hsu
- Animal Health Research Institute, No.376, Chung-Cheng Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - W C Chuang
- Animal Health Research Institute, No.376, Chung-Cheng Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - J C Chang
- Animal Health Research Institute, No.376, Chung-Cheng Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Y C Tu
- Animal Health Research Institute, No.376, Chung-Cheng Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - H J Tsai
- Animal Health Research Institute, No.376, Chung-Cheng Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan; School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan
| | - H F Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No.45, Minsheng Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan
| | - F I Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan
| | - S H Lee
- Animal Drugs Inspection Branch, Animal Health Research Institute, No.21, Qiding, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35054, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (hsps) Hsp72 and Hsp73 are the stored maternal proteins found in mouse oocytes. Both hsps appear in mouse oocytes at germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (M-II)-stages as previously demonstrated by immunoblotting analysis. In this report, we further determined the presences of Hsp72/Hsp73 proteins in mouse embryos at stages of 2-pronucleus, arrested 1-cell, 2-cell, arrested 2-cell, 4-cell, arrested 4-cell, 8-cell to morula and blastocyst. Except for the blastocyst stage, the Hsp72/Hsp73 proteins were detectable in most embryo stages. The concentration of Hsp72/Hsp73 in GV-stage oocytes was higher than that in M-II-stage oocytes, and in any stages of embryos before implantation. A dramatical increase in Hsp72/Hsp73 expression was found at the 2-cell stage. Together with these findings, we speculated that hsps accumulated or stored earlier in the GV-stage mouse oocytes to protect the oocytes against environmental influences acting on ovary, and hsps may be required for zygotic gene activation and provided a protective effect against apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China
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Abstract
The recently identified role of LeuO in the regulation of transcription has prompted us to search for the specific function(s) of LeuO in bacterial physiology. The cryptic nature of expression of leuO has previously limited such analysis. A conditional leuO expression was found when bacteria enter stationary phase and was shown to be guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate-dependent. Multiple physiological events, including the stringent response, are induced upon the increase of the bacterial stress signal, guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate. In this study, we tested whether LeuO was directly involved in the bacterial stringent response. LeuO was shown to be indispensable for growth resumption following a 2-h growth arrest caused by starvation for branched-chain amino acids in an E. coli K-12 relA1 strain. This result supports a functional role for LeuO in the bacterial stringent response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Majumder
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Asensio JA, Gambaro E, Forno W, Steinberg D, Tsai KJ, Rowe V, Navarro I, Leppäniemi A, Demetriades D. Penetrating cardiac injuries. A complex challenge. Ann Chir Gynaecol 2001; 89:155-66. [PMID: 10905683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Asensio
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033-4525, USA.
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Abstract
Despite the known potential transcription regulatory role of leuO gene product, LeuO, the condition when leuO expresses during bacterial growth cycle remains unclear. Mechanistically, leuO expression was shown to be part of promoter relay mechanism, however, the factor(s) responsible for the regulation of leuO expression is not known. Combining Northern and Western results, we demonstrate in the present communication that leuO expression is normally low and enhanced when bacteria are in transition from exponential growth to stationary phase. The stationary phase-associated leuO expression is ppGpp dependent and rpoS (sigma(s) factor) independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Asensio JA, Forno W, Gambaro E, Steinberg D, Tsai KJ, Rowe V, Navarro Nuño I, Leppäniemi A, Demetriades D. Abdominal vascular injuries. The trauma surgeon's challenge. Ann Chir Gynaecol 2000; 89:71-8. [PMID: 10791649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Asensio
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033-4525, USA.
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Lee EH, Hsieh YP, Yang CL, Tsai KJ, Liu CH. Induction of integrin-associated protein (IAP) mRNA expression during memory consolidation in rat hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 2000; 12:1105-12. [PMID: 10762341 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that hippocampal integrin-associated protein (IAP) gene expression is associated with memory formation in a one-way inhibitory avoidance learning in rats. In the present study, we further investigated the role and mechanism of IAP involved in memory consolidation in rats. Because of the minute amount of IAP present in the brain, we have adopted the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Our results revealed that hippocampal IAP mRNA expression is approximately fourfold higher in rats showing good memory retention (GM, retention score of 600 s) at 3 h, but not at other time points, after training when compared with the poor memory rats (retention score < 80 s). On the other hand, integrin alphav mRNA level was markedly increased ( approximately twofold), while integrin beta3 mRNA level was decreased ( approximately 50%) at 1 h post-training. Further, separate sets of RT-PCR analysis revealed that IAP5 and IAP6 mRNA expressions, but not that of IAP7, were markedly increased in GM rats 3 h post-training. Moreover, regional distribution studies revealed that different isoforms of the IAP gene are similarly distributed in different brain areas, while IAP7 has been the predominant form present in astrocyte cells. These results together suggest that IAP mRNA expression is indeed induced upon training, rather than that the GM rats have constitutively higher levels of IAP. The unparallel change of IAP and integrin mRNA expressions as far as time-course is concerned suggests that they are possibly involved in different forms and stages of memory processing. Further, IAP5 and IAP6 are more closely associated with memory consolidation, while IAP7 may constitute the major isotype for signal transduction in astrocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin P, Wang SL, Wang HJ, Chen KW, Lee HS, Tsai KJ, Chen CY, Lee H. Association of CYP1A1 and microsomal epoxide hydrolase polymorphisms with lung squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:852-7. [PMID: 10732758 PMCID: PMC2374384 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancers in Taiwan. Although the etiology of lung cancer has yet to be defined, genetic variability in activities of metabolic enzymes has been correlated with lung cancer. In the present study, the possibility of association of CYP1A1 and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (HYL1) genetic polymorphisms with lung cancer was examined among 132 lung cancer patients and 259 controls in Taiwan. No significant association was observed for either CYP1A1 or HYL1 polymorphism alone and the overall incidence of lung cancer after adjusting for age, gender and smoking status. When cases were stratified according to histological type, there was significant association between CYP1A1*2A homozygote and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (odds ratio (OR) 2.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-6.12). Similarly, the proportion of HYL1 genotypes corresponding to high or normal enzyme activities was higher in SCC than in controls (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.04-3.70). A combination of susceptible CYP1A1 and HYL1 genotypes was found to be highly associated with lung cancer, especially with SCC (OR 6.76; 95% CI 2.29-19.10). Our results suggest that the combination of CYP1A1 and HYL1 polymorphisms is an important risk factor for lung SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lin
- Institute of Toxicology, Chung-Shan Medical and Dental College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lin P, Wang HJ, Lee H, Lee HS, Wang SL, Hsueh YM, Tsai KJ, Chen CY. NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase polymorphism and lung cancer in Taiwan. J Toxicol Environ Health A 1999; 58:187-197. [PMID: 10591487 DOI: 10.1080/009841099157287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Taiwan since 1996. Genetic variation in metabolic activation or detoxification enzymes has been associated with the occurrence of lung cancer. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) enzyme is a cytosolic two-electron reductase thought to be involved in bioactivation and detoxification of environmental carcinogens. The possible association between NQO1 genetic polymorphism and lung cancer risk was examined among 95 male smokers without cancer and 100 male smokers with lung cancer in Taiwan. There was no significant difference in the proportion of wild-type NQO1 among all cancer cases and controls. When cases were stratified according to histological subtypes, the wild-type NQO1 was more common in adenocarcinoma than in controls. The odds ratio was 2.93 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-7.02; p = .02). This is the first observation for the positive association of this locus with lung cancer in an Asian population. These results suggest that NQO1 polymorphism is an important genetic risk factor for lung adenocarcinoma among smokers in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lin
- Institute of Toxicology, Chung-Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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13
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Abstract
Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is involved in metabolic activation of carcinogenic nitrosamines, benzene and low molecular weight halogenated hydrocarbons. In this study, we assessed the association between CYP2E1 RsaI and DraI genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer in a Taiwanese population. The RsaI genotype distribution was significantly different between 119 lung cancer patients and 231 non-cancer controls. The homozygote variants of RsaI genotypes were more common in controls (6.9%) than in lung cancer patients (0.8%). The estimated odds ratio (OR) was 0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.01-0.87). After adjusting for age, sex, and smoking status, the OR was 0.12 (95%, CI, 0.02-0.95). This is the first observation of a positive association between this locus and lung cancer in an Asian population. No significant differences in CYP2E1 DraI genotype distributions were found between cases and controls. The results of this study indicate that CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism, but not DraI polymorphism, may contribute to the development of lung cancer in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Wang
- Departnent of Public Health, Chung-Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Lo HH, Hsieh SE, Tsai KJ, Chung JG. The effects of ellagic acid on arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Drug Chem Toxicol 1999; 22:555-62. [PMID: 10445164 DOI: 10.3109/01480549909042532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited by ellagic acid (EA), a naturally occurring dietary plant phenol. By measuring the acetylation of 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), the NAT activity was determined. In P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, a NAT activity of 1.37 +/- 0.25 nmol/min/10(10) CFU for intact cell and a NAT activity of 5.92 +/- 0.20 nmol/min/mg protein for cytosolic preparation were measured. EA (ranging from 1 to 0.125 mM) showed a dose-dependent inhibition of NAT activities in the analysis of both intact cell and cytosolic preparations. Enzymatic kinetics were determined and found that EA was a potent non-competitive inhibitor of NAT activity in P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. EA inhibition of NAT activities in P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was time-dependent for at least 4 hrs. These data strongly indicated that EA could suppress NAT activity in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Lo
- Department of Medical Technology, Chungtai Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Tsai KJ, Hung IJ, Chow CK, Stern A, Chao SS, Chiu DT. Impaired production of nitric oxide, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide in glucose 6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-deficient granulocytes. FEBS Lett 1998; 436:411-4. [PMID: 9801159 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Since the generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by NADPH oxidase and nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthase (NOS) in granulocytes is NADPH-dependent, we investigated the production of NO, superoxide and H2O2 in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient human granulocytes. Our results showed that upon stimulation with either 5 microg/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or 10 microM of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the production of nitrite in normal granulocytes was elevated, 252 +/- 135% and 239 +/- 72%, respectively, compared to the resting stage. In contrast, G6PD-deficient granulocytes did not produce more nitrite upon stimulation with either LPS or PMA compared to the resting stage. Western blot analysis indicated a normal expression pattern of inducible NOS in G6PD-deficient granulocytes. In addition, the production of H2O2 and superoxide was also significantly impaired in G6PD-deficient granulocytes compared to control cells. These data demonstrate that G6PD deficiency causes an impairment in the production of NO, superoxide and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Medical Technology, Chang Gung University, Tao-yuan, Taiwan
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Abstract
To understand the effects of arecoline administration on the muscarinic cholinergic signaling pathway, rats were injected with arecoline, 10 mg/kg i.p., and the carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositide breakdown in rat brain cortical slices was examined. In vivo administration of arecoline resulted in inhibition of carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover in rat brain cortical slices. Arecoline was a partial agonist with peak effects of 30% of the maximum as obtained with carbachol. Coaddition of arecoline inhibited the carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositide breakdown. Pretreatment of rat brain cortical slices with arecoline in vitro resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of carbachol-stimulated [3H]inositol monophosphate accumulation. The inhibition occurred rapidly, with half-maximal inhibition occurring at 15 min and maximal inhibition achieved within 60 min. The inhibition of phosphoinositide breakdown was recovered 1 h after arecoline was removed. When synaptoneurosomes were used for the ligand binding studies, arecoline pretreatment was found to have decreased the maximal ligand binding (Bmax) without inducing any marked change in binding affinity (K(D)). The influence could be recovered by incubating the synaptoneurosomes in the absence of arecoline for 2 h. Taken together, these data suggest that the underlying mechanism by which phosphoinositide turnover is inhibited is arecoline-induced receptor sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Lee
- School of Medical Technology, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Abstract
Strand breakage of supercoiled pBR322 DNA by a Fenton system is increased in the presence of palladium or platinum (Pt) ions. Neither Pd nor Pt ions can substitute for iron in the Fenton system. We have obtained several lines of evidence that Pd and Pt ions in the presence of a Fenton system can augment the production of OH., as monitored by a spectrophotometric method quantifying hydroxylated salicylate or by a fluorometric method quantifying catechol production. Furthermore, the promoting effect of both metal ions on OH. production was substantiated by the identification of multiple hydroxylated products of salicylate [2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (A), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (B), and catechol (C)] using HPLC. The concentrations of A, B, and C produced in the control were 4.5, 8.0, and 2.0 microM, respectively; whereas, their respective concentrations increased to 23.6, 42.0 and 10.0 microM with the addition of Pd ions. The observed phenomenon was further confirmed by the identification of HO-DMPO spin adducts using ESR spectroscopy. Taken together, our data suggest that the mechanism of Pd or Pt ion-mediated exacerbation of DNA damage by a Fenton system is due to the promotion of OH. production by these metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Z Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Chang Gung College of Medicine and Technology, Taoyuan Taiwan
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19
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Wei JS, Cheng HC, Tsai KJ, Liu DH, Lee HH, Chiu DT, Liu TZ. Purification and characterization of endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factors in chicken blood. Life Sci 1996; 59:1617-29. [PMID: 8913327 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies have been performed to determine whether an endogenous material capable of binding to digoxin antibodies is present in the chicken plasma. In the blood of 12 chickens without feed control, endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factors (DLIF) binding of digoxin antibodies in enzyme immunoassays amounted to 866 / 302 pg digoxin equivalents/mL of plasma (mean +/- SEM). Immunoreactivity of DLIF increased to 1848***331 pg/mL with a double value of control after boiling and acid pretreating the plasma. The major purification steps employed in this report were gel filtration column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and isoelectric focusing (IEF). Using HPLC for the separation, at least 10 chicken DLIFs with different molecular weight (MW) have been found. The MW of the smallest is 300 daltons (Da) while the largest is 100 kDa. The value of the isoelectric point of the most abundant type of DLIF from untreated chicken plasma is 6.3 as determined by IEF. The partially purified DLIF inhibits Na+, K(+)-ATPase from a porcine cerebral cortex as well as three human red blood cell membrane preparations in a dose-response fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Wei
- Chang Gung College of Medicine & Technology, School of Medical Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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20
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Tsai KJ, Shih LY, Hung IJ, Huang SW, Wei JS, Liu TZ, Chiu DT. Enhanced vesiculation exacerbates complement-dependent hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient red blood cells. Life Sci 1996; 59:867-76. [PMID: 8761320 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient red blood cells (RBCs) are known to be more susceptible to oxidant-induced hemolysis. Erythrocytes from G6PD-deficient individuals are significantly more susceptible to Ca(2+)-induced vesiculation than normal control cells. The enhanced susceptibility of G6PD-deficient RBCs to Ca(2+)-induced vesiculation is not due to ATP depletion. The remnant G6PD-deficient RBCs following vesiculation are more sensitive to complement-mediated hemolysis than control normal RBCs. A strong positive correlation exists between the level of Ca(2+)-induced vesiculation and the extent of complement mediated hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Tsai
- Chang Gung College of Medicine, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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21
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Abstract
Abstract
Measurement of urinary xanthurenic acid (XA) has been used clinically to study a variety of disorders caused by vitamin B6 deficiency. To obviate some cumbersome steps of current methods for measuring XA in human urine, we have developed a simple fluorometric method. We apply the urine sample to a solid-phase extraction column containing trimethylaminopropyl group bound to silica, which enables us to purify and concentrate the XA from the urine without contamination from various tryptophan metabolites. The XA in the acidic eluate can then be quantified fluorometrically. The linearity of the proposed method extends from 0.2 to 10.0 mg/L. The method is precise, yielding day-to-day CVs for two pooled control specimens (1.08 and 1.90 mg/L) of 1.2% and 2.6%, respectively. Correlation studies with an established HPLC method and with a spectrophotometric procedure showed correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. Interference from vitamin C, uric acid, salicylate, acetaminophen, vanillylmandelic acid, and homovanillic acid was insignificant. The proposed method for urinary XA is rapid, simple, and suitable for routine use in the clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
| | - G R Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
| | - T Z Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
| | - K J Tsai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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22
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Liu M, Wang GR, Liu TZ, Tsai KJ. Improved fluorometric quantification of urinary xanthurenic acid. Clin Chem 1996; 42:397-401. [PMID: 8598102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of urinary xanthurenic acid (XA) has been used clinically to study a variety of disorders caused by vitamin B6 deficiency. To obviate some cumbersome steps of current methods for measuring XA in human urine, we have developed a simple fluorometric method. We apply the urine sample to a solid-phase extraction column containing trimethylaminopropyl group bound to silica, which enables us to purify and concentrate the XA from the urine without contamination from various tryptophan metabolites. The XA in the acidic eluate can then be quantified fluorometrically. The linearity of the proposed method extends from 0.2 to 10.0 mg/L. The method is precise, yielding day-to-day CVs for two pooled control specimens (1.08 and 1.90 mg/L) of 1.2% and 2.6%, respectively. Correlation studies with an established HPLC method and with a spectrophotometric procedure showed correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. Interference from vitamin C, uric acid, salicylate, acetaminophen, vanillylmandelic acid, and homovanillic acid was insignificant. The proposed method for urinary XA is rapid, simple, and suitable for routine use in the clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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23
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Abstract
Plasmid-mediated resistance to cadmium occurs by means of energy-dependent efflux mediated by a P-ATPase. Formation by the cadA protein of a phosphorylated enzyme intermediate characteristic of members of this class of enzymes was identified by acid pH-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The formation of the phosphorylated product is dependent upon the presence of the cadA gene product and cadmium. Zinc does not induce labeling, although the determinant has been reported to confer resistance to that cation. The phosphoenzyme product is acid-stable and labile in the presence of alkali or hydroxylamine. Pulse-chase experiments with unlabeled ATP indicate rapid enzyme turnover. The label is also chased in the presence of ADP, suggesting a reversible reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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24
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Tsai KJ, Yoon KP, Lynn AR. ATP-dependent cadmium transport by the cadA cadmium resistance determinant in everted membrane vesicles of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:116-21. [PMID: 1530844 PMCID: PMC205684 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.1.116-121.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cadmium conferred by the staphylococcal plasmid pI258 occurs by means of energy-dependent efflux, resulting in decreased intracellular accumulation of cadmium. Recent sequence information suggested that efflux is mediated by a P-type ATPase. The cadA gene was previously expressed in Bacillus subtilis, conferring resistance to cadmium. Everted membrane vesicles were prepared from B. subtilis cells harboring either a plasmid containing the cadA system or the vector plasmid alone. 109Cd2+ transport into the everted membranes was measured in the presence of various energy sources. Cadmium transport was detected only in the presence of ATP as an energy source. The production of an electrochemical proton gradient (delta mu H+) by using NADH or phenazine methosulfate plus ascorbate was not able to drive transport. Reagents which dissipate delta pH abolished calcium transport due to the Ca2+/H+ antiporter but only partially inhibited cadmium transport. Inhibition of transport by the antibiotic bafilomycin A1 occurred at concentrations comparable to those which inhibit P-type ATPases. A band corresponding to the cadA gene product was identified on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and antibodies to the protein were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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