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Scognamiglio F, Pizzolitto C, Romano M, Teti G, Zara S, Conz M, Donati I, Porrelli D, Falconi M, Marsich E. "A lactose-modified chitosan accelerates chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells spheroids". Biomater Adv 2024; 160:213849. [PMID: 38599041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Spheroids derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are of limited use for cartilage regeneration, as the viability of the cells progressively decreases during the period required for chondrogenic differentiation (21 days). In this work, spheroids based on hMSCs and a lactose-modified chitosan (CTL) were formed by seeding cells onto an air-dried coating of CTL. The polymer coating can inhibit cell adhesion and it is simultaneously incorporated into spheroid structure. CTL-spheroids were characterized from a morphological and biological perspective, and their properties were compared with those of spheroids obtained by seeding the cells onto a non-adherent surface (agar gel). Compared to the latter, smaller and more viable spheroids form in the presence of CTL as early as 4 days of culture. At this time point, analysis of stem cells differentiation in spheroids showed a remarkable increase in collagen type-2 (COL2A1) gene expression (~700-fold compared to day 0), whereas only a 2-fold increase was observed in the control spheroids at day 21. These results were confirmed by histological and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, which showed that in CTL-spheroids an early deposition of collagen with a banding structure already occurred at day 7. Overall, these results support the use of CTL-spheroids as a novel system for cartilage regeneration, characterized by increased cell viability and differentiation capacity within a short time-frame. This will pave the way for approaches aimed at increasing the success rate of procedures and reducing the time required for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scognamiglio
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - C Pizzolitto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy.
| | - M Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - G Teti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - S Zara
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - M Conz
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - I Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - D Porrelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy.
| | - M Falconi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - E Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy.
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Pizzolitto C, Scognamiglio F, Sacco P, Lipari S, Romano M, Donati I, Marsich E. Immediate stress dissipation in dual cross-link hydrogels controls osteogenic commitment of mesenchymal stem cells. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120369. [PMID: 36604049 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation have been predominantly performed with non-physiologically elastic materials. Here we report the effect of different viscoplastic ECM mimics on the osteogenic engagement of MSCs in 2D. We have developed soft hydrogels, composed of a lactose-modified chitosan, using a combination of permanent and temporary cross-links. The presence of temporary cross-links has a minor effect on the shear modulus of the hydrogels, but causes an immediate relaxation (dissipation) of the applied stress. This material property leads to early osteogenic commitment of MSCs, as evidenced by gene expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), type 1 collagen (COL1A1), osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity (ALP) and calcium deposit formation. In contrast, cells cultured on purely elastic hydrogels with only permanent cross-link begin to differentiate only after a longer period of time, indicating a dissipation-mediated mechano-sensing in the osteogenic commitment of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pizzolitto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Scognamiglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; AREA Science Park, loc. Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sara Lipari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy
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Pizzolitto C, Esposito F, Sacco P, Marsich E, Gargiulo V, Bedini E, Donati I. Sulfated lactose-modified chitosan. A novel synthetic glycosaminoglycan-like polysaccharide inducing chondrocyte aggregation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Sacco P, Furlani F, Marfoglia A, Cok M, Pizzolitto C, Marsich E, Donati I. Temporary/Permanent Dual Cross‐Link Gels Formed of a Bioactive Lactose‐Modified Chitosan. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000236. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 Trieste I‐34127 Italy
| | - Franco Furlani
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 Trieste I‐34127 Italy
| | - Andrea Marfoglia
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 Trieste I‐34127 Italy
| | - Michela Cok
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 Trieste I‐34127 Italy
| | - Chiara Pizzolitto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste Piazza dell'Ospitale 1 Trieste I‐34129 Italy
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste Piazza dell'Ospitale 1 Trieste I‐34129 Italy
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 Trieste I‐34127 Italy
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Pizzolitto C, Cok M, Asaro F, Scognamiglio F, Marsich E, Lopez F, Donati I, Sacco P. On the Mechanism of Genipin Binding to Primary Amines in Lactose-Modified Chitosan at Neutral pH. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6831. [PMID: 32957651 PMCID: PMC7554727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present manuscript deals with the elucidation of the mechanism of genipin binding by primary amines at neutral pH. UV-VIS and CD measurements both in the presence of oxygen and in oxygen-depleted conditions, combined with computational analyses, led to propose a novel mechanism for the formation of genipin derivatives. The indications collected with chiral and achiral primary amines allowed interpreting the genipin binding to a lactose-modified chitosan (CTL or Chitlac), which is soluble at all pH values. Two types of reaction and their kinetics were found in the presence of oxygen: (i) an interchain reticulation, which involves two genipin molecules and two polysaccharide chains, and (ii) a binding of one genipin molecule to the polymer chain without chain-chain reticulation. The latter evolves in additional interchain cross-links, leading to the formation of the well-known blue iridoid-derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pizzolitto
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, piazza dell’Ospitale 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.P.); (F.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Michela Cok
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Fioretta Asaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Francesca Scognamiglio
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, piazza dell’Ospitale 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.P.); (F.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, piazza dell’Ospitale 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (C.P.); (F.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Francesco Lopez
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.)
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Sacco P, Cok M, Scognamiglio F, Pizzolitto C, Vecchies F, Marfoglia A, Marsich E, Donati I. Glycosylated-Chitosan Derivatives: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E1534. [PMID: 32230971 PMCID: PMC7180478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan derivatives, and more specifically, glycosylated derivatives, are nowadays attracting much attention within the scientific community due to the fact that this set of engineered polysaccharides finds application in different sectors, spanning from food to the biomedical field. Overcoming chitosan (physical) limitations or grafting biological relevant molecules, to mention a few, represent two cardinal strategies to modify parent biopolymer; thereby, synthetizing high added value polysaccharides. The present review is focused on the introduction of oligosaccharide side chains on the backbone of chitosan. The synthetic aspects and the effect on physical-chemical properties of such modifications are discussed. Finally, examples of potential applications in biomaterials design and drug delivery of these novel modified chitosans are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (M.C.); (F.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Michela Cok
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (M.C.); (F.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesca Scognamiglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell’Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (C.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Chiara Pizzolitto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell’Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (C.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Federica Vecchies
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (M.C.); (F.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Marfoglia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (M.C.); (F.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell’Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (C.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (M.C.); (F.V.); (A.M.)
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