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Zylis D, Kokkali S, Sofopoulos M, Zografaki E, Vourlakou C, Skafida E. Metastatic Granular Cell Tumor: A Rare Entity. Int J Surg Pathol 2024:10668969241229347. [PMID: 38321950 DOI: 10.1177/10668969241229347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Granular cell tumor, which is thought to recapitulate a Schwann cell phenotype, is a very rare neoplasm that belongs to soft tissue tumors. It can be classified as benign, atypical or malignant, based on specific histological criteria, with the majority of cases exhibiting an indolent behavior. Its biology and clinical course are poorly understood and its optimal management is yet to be defined, given the rarity of cases. Here we describe an atypical granular cell tumor in the upper middle back skin that evolved after a thirty-year indolent period. Despite complete surgical removal, the patient experienced a recurrence, both local and in the lungs, following an aggressive clinical course. Data on management of metastatic disease are extremely scarce, comprised exclusively of case reports. Therefore, we administered to the patient systemic therapy according to soft tissue sarcoma guidelines, which led to disease progression, with fatal outcome. In conclusion, recurrent and/or metastatic granular cell tumor is a rare disease that can be life-threatening, for which response to different therapies is unknown. The biologic behavior of atypical and malignant granular cell tumor is quite different from its benign counterpart, evoking soft tissue sarcomas, and its diagnosis should alert clinicians. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy in this setting should be explored, to limit disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimosthenis Zylis
- First Medical Oncology Clinic, Saint-Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefania Kokkali
- First Medical Oncology Clinic, Saint-Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippocratio General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eirini Zografaki
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Saint-Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Michaelidou K, Karniadakis I, Pantelaion V, Koutoulaki C, Boukla E, Folinas K, Dimaras P, Papadaki MA, Koutsopoulos AV, Mavroudis D, Vourlakou C, Mavridis K, Agelaki S. Rapid and reliable testing for clinically actionable EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer using the Idylla TM platform: a real-world two-center experience in Greece. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:89-98. [PMID: 38193169 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2303320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information exists on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) molecular epidemiology in Greece. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is the recommended method for EGFR genotyping in NSCLC. The Idylla Biocartis platform is a fully automated system for actionable EGFR mutation detection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We describe the prevalence of EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients in two high-volume clinical centers in Greece and compare key methods used for their determination. Eight hundred and fifty-seven FFPE samples from NSCLC patients were tested for EGFR mutations at University of Crete (UoC; n = 324) and at Evangelismos Hospital, Athens (Evangelismos; n = 503). RESULTS The prevalence of EGFR mutations was 11.1% in the whole cohort (11.5% in non-squamous). The detection rate was 11.0% by NGS, 9.8% by Sanger and 11.3% by Idylla for the whole cohort (12.0% in non-squamous). The agreement between Idylla and Sanger was 93.2%. A targetable EGFR mutation was detected in 10.0% using tissue NGS alone, and in 16.0% using concurrent Idylla ctEGFR testing. CONCLUSION The frequency of EGFR mutations was as expected for a Caucasian population. The Idylla EGFR test performance is comparable to reference methods and with a shorter TAT. Adding a concurrent plasma Idylla test to tissue NGS testing increases the detection rate of EGFR mutations in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleita Michaelidou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karniadakis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Chara Koutoulaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Boukla
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Pantelis Dimaras
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria A Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Alexandris D, Alevizopoulos N, Gakiopoulou H, Stavrinou N, Vourlakou C. Cutaneous Stevens Johnson - Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Immunotherapy related Toxicities in Lung Cancer Patients. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2022:10781552221074623. [PMID: 35038934 DOI: 10.1177/10781552221074623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New Immuno- Checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) functioning as PD-1- PDL-1 blockers are nowadays used in a majority of anticancer treatments. Many immune- related Adverse Events (irAEs) are published daily; severe skin toxicities, Stevens Johnson/ Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are seldom reported. CASE REPORT Herein, we present two interesting skin sever toxicity cases of lung cancer patients, undergoing PD-1- PDL-1 Immunotherapy. In both cases, a morbilliform rash with documented histological Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Pattern /Stevens Johnson findings, was thoroughly studied. MANAGEMENT & OUTCOME Both cases were therapeutically managed according to guidelines with different outcome. DISCUSSION Two focused cases of irAEs, is the rationale, to briefly review mechanisms of major toxicities caused by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, and present all new data in their precise management. ICIs' association with SJS/ TEN still remains unclear; underlying urgent need for further studies. It is important to alert physicians to promptly identify life threatening irAEs. Being familiar, provides management efficacy, safe resolve and encourage beneficial balanced cost effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harikleia Gakiopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolina Stavrinou
- Department of Pathology, 69032Evaggelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Vallianou NG, Stavrinou N, Panagopoulos F, Geladari E, Sykaras AG, Vourlakou C. Unexpected finding. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:e6. [PMID: 33051289 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Fotis Panagopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Geladari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Sotiropoulou M, Stavrinou N, Vailas M, Alexakou P, Psarologos M, Metaxas P, Economou M, Vourlakou C, Kapiris S. An unusual cause of large bowel obstruction: are we aware of this? Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:223. [PMID: 33708314 PMCID: PMC7908392 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.223.24718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary lymphomas of the colon account for 0.5% of all primary colon malignancies. Burkitt´s lymphoma is a B-cell lymphoma with aggressive clinical behavior. Herein, we describe a case of a male patient who presented with signs of large bowel obstruction, underwent surgery and found to suffer from Burkitt´s lymphoma of the ileocecal region. The histopathological examination was indicative for Burkitt´s lymphoma. To the best of our insight this is one of the few reported cases of such type of lymphoma in an adult patient presenting with bowel obstruction. Burkitt´s lymphoma is a rare malignancy in adults affecting gastrointestinal tract. It has a high proliferation potential and can rapidly progress to advanced disease. Early diagnosis is necessary to prevent complications and improve overall prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sotiropoulou
- Third Department of Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michail Vailas
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Alexakou
- Third Department of Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Psarologos
- Third Department of Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Metaxas
- Third Department of Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Stylianos Kapiris
- Third Department of Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Choulitoudi V, Douras A, Papadaki M, Vourlakou C, Kiriakopoulos G, Michalopoulos A, Krasoudaki E, Theodorrellou R, Bei E, Margellos V, Apostolou T. SP128LONG TERM FOLLOW UP OF PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY (IMN). EVALUATION OF PROGRESSION AND OUTCOME OF THE DISEASE IN RELATION TO IMMUNOSSUPRESSIVE OR NO THERAPY. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx141.sp128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vallianou N, Gounari P, Skourtis A, Vourlakou C. Cervical mass as the presenting manifestation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hippokratia 2014; 18:285-287. [PMID: 25694768 PMCID: PMC4309154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the world due to its association with chronic hepatitis infections. Amongst the most usual metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma are the lymph nodes, the lungs and the bones. Soft tissue metastases are extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION Herein, we report the case of a 73-years-old male patient who presented with cervical and upper extremities muscle pain along with paresthesias and a palpable mass on the cervical region. CONCLUSION This unusual clinical manifestation along with the above-described rare presentations of hepatocellular carcinoma must be taken into account, especially among patients with chronic hepatitis infections. Hippokratia 2014; 18 (3): 285-287.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ng Vallianou
- Evangelismos General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - P Gounari
- Evangelismos General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - A Skourtis
- Evangelismos General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - C Vourlakou
- Evangelismos General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Papadogeorgakis N, Kalfarentzos EF, Vourlakou C, Malta F, Exarhos D. Simultaneous pleomorphic adenoma of the left parotid gland and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the contralateral sublingual salivary gland: a case report. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 13:221-224. [PMID: 19690903 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-009-0168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sublingual salivary gland neoplasms are extremely rare, accounting for only 0.3-1% of all epithelial salivary gland tumors. Most of the sublingual tumors are malignant, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) being the most common histological types. The coexistence of two salivary gland tumors located in different major salivary glands is uncommon. CASE REPORT A rare case of two simultaneous tumors of the major salivary glands, one in the sublingual and the other in the contralateral parotid gland in a female patient is reported. DISCUSSION The diagnostic procedure followed, and the management of the patient, is outlined in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Papadogeorgakis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Papadogeorgakis N, Kalfarentzos EF, Vourlakou C, Alexandridis C. Surgical management of a large median dermoid cyst of the neck causing airway obstruction. A case report. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 13:181-184. [PMID: 19629550 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-009-0165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth and submandibular space represent an unusual clinical entity. CASE REPORT A case of an enlarged median dermoid cyst in a young female adult causing obstruction of the airway is reported. DISCUSSION The need of an extraoral and intraoral incision for the removal of the cyst is discussed, along with a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Papadogeorgakis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Evangelismos" General Hospital Dental School, University of Athens, Pl. Voriou Ipirou 5, Patras, 26441, Greece
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Kontogianni K, Demonakou M, Kavantzas N, Lazaris AC, Lariou K, Vourlakou C, Davaris P. Prognostic predictors of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a multi-institutional analysis of 102 patients with definition of a prognostic index. Eur J Surg Oncol 2003; 29:548-56. [PMID: 12875864 DOI: 10.1016/s0748-7983(03)00073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to identify prognostic factors influencing survival in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and to identify a mathematical model that can predict lifetime expectation. METHODS One hundred and two patients with GISTs, were followed retrospectively for a median period of 32 months (from 1 to 82 months). Complete follow-up data were available in 72 cases. All tumors were surgically resected and examined by conventional light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and image analysis. The tumors' location, size, histologic characteristics, immunophenotype, proliferative activity index (assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 immunoreactivity) and the apoptotic markers bcl-2 and bax, were considered as potential prognostic factors and were correlated with patient survival. RESULTS Tumor size >8 cm (p<0.03), presence of necrosis (p<0.02), number of mitoses >5/10 HPF (p<0.01), metastasis (p<0.001), and PCNA index >10% (p<0.004) were significant predictors of poor survival. Bcl-2 protein (p<0.0007) was a favorable prognostic indicator. If all tumors were treated as of uncertain malignant potential, the following mathematic model named GISTs Prognostic Index (GPI), could be formed by the linear regression technique: GPI exp=(49.6 months-Status of metastasis x 22.9185-Size in cm x 0.6801+bcl-2 expression% x 0.2569) (r(2)=0.67) (Prob>F=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Tumors' size, necrosis, mitoses, metastasis and PCNA index are independent poor prognosticators, while bcl-2 protein is associated with favorable prognosis. An interesting equation for survival in patient with GISTs has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kontogianni
- Department of Pathology, The National and Capodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, 75 M.Asias St., 115 25, Goudi, Greece.
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Nakopoulou L, Stefanaki K, Vourlakou C, Manolaki N, Gakiopoulou H, Michalopoulos G. Bcl-2 protein expression in acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 1999; 195:19-24. [PMID: 10048090 DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(99)80089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 protein blocks apoptosis and is involved in human intrahepatic bile-duct development. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue from 42 HBV and HCV hepatitis [20 acute AH, 22 chronic hepatitis (CH)], 12 active cirrhosis (CR) and 20 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was immunostained for bcl-2 protein. In all cases, bcl-2 protein was detected in portal and intralobular lymphocytes but not in hepatocytes or Kupffer cells. Bcl-2 was positive in the cytoplasm of small portal bile ducts of chronic hepatitis, while it was strongly expressed in newly formed bile-ductules of the limiting plate, mainly in CH with marked activity and CR. Bcl-2 was detected in small bile ducts in only one case of acute hepatitis and was not detected in any case of HCC. Bcl-2 seems to be involved in the regulation of growth and apoptosis of cholangiolar cells. Its expression in small bile ducts and in newly-formed ductules especially in CH with marked activity and CR, implies that the embryonic model of intrahepatic bile duct development may be recapitulated in chronic hepatic disease. Moreover, it supports evidence for the existence of the controversial long-lived stem population in the liver. Bcl-2 does not seem to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nakopoulou
- Dept. of Pathology, Medical School Univ. of Athens, Greece
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Nakopoulou L, Vourlakou C, Zervas A, Tzonou A, Gakiopoulou H, Dimopoulos MA. The prevalence of bcl-2, p53, and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in transitional cell bladder carcinomas and their clinicopathologic correlates. Hum Pathol 1998; 29:146-54. [PMID: 9490274 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(98)90225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of bcl-2, p53 oncoproteins, and Ki-67 antigen in a series of transitional cell bladder carcinomas and its relation to the traditional prognostic indicators and patient's survival. One hundred six cases with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) were examined for detection of bcl-2, p53 proteins, and Ki-67 antigen (MIB1 antibody). Bcl-2 immunohistochemical positivity was observed in 52% of TCCs and in 57% of low-grade and 44% of high-grade TCCs. Bcl-2 was also detected in normal urothelium and dysplastic lesions with basal cell expression, and negative staining was observed in carcinomas in situ. Tumor stage showed a significant inverse correlation with overall bcl-2 positivity. The loss of bcl-2 protein expression in higher-stage TCCs was statistically significant (Pt = .01). p53 protein was overexpressed in 50% of TCCs and more frequently in invasive and in carcinomas in situ than in superficial TCCs (Pt = .03). In contrast, detection of p53 was not observed in normal and dysplastic urothelium. p53 positivity was related to the degree of differentiation and to the stage of the disease (Pf = .01 and Pt = .03, respectively). Concerning Ki-67 antigen, its expression was found in 57.5% of TCCs. There was a strong overall correlation of Ki-67 with tumor stage (Pt = .002) and grade (Pf = .002). Univariate statistical analysis showed that the expression of p53 and Ki-67 was significantly correlated to poor prognosis (P = .02, P = .02, respectively). On multivariate analysis, none of these markers but only stage and grade were significantly correlated to prognosis (P = .02, P = .02, respectively). These findings suggest that overexpression of bcl-2 protein may be an early event in tumorigenesis. Tumors with loss of bcl-2 positivity and overexpression of p53 and Ki-67 had an unfavorable prognosis; however, in multivariate analysis, they had no independent prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nakopoulou
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Athens University, Greece
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