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Lambert L, de Carpentier F, André P, Marchand CH, Danon A. Type II metacaspase mediates light-dependent programmed cell death in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 2024; 194:2648-2662. [PMID: 37971939 PMCID: PMC10980519 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Among the crucial processes that preside over the destiny of cells from any type of organism are those involving their self-destruction. This process is well characterized and conceptually logical to understand in multicellular organisms; however, the levels of knowledge and comprehension of its existence are still quite enigmatic in unicellular organisms. We use Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) to lay the foundation for understanding the mechanisms of programmed cell death (PCD) in a unicellular photosynthetic organism. In this paper, we show that while PCD induces the death of a proportion of cells, it allows the survival of the remaining population. A quantitative proteomic analysis aiming at unveiling the proteome of PCD in Chlamydomonas allowed us to identify key proteins that led to the discovery of essential mechanisms. We show that in Chlamydomonas, PCD relies on the light dependence of a photosynthetic organism to generate reactive oxygen species and induce cell death. Finally, we obtained and characterized mutants for the 2 metacaspase genes in Chlamydomonas and showed that a type II metacaspase is essential for PCD execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Lambert
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Félix de Carpentier
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
- Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin 91190, France
| | - Phuc André
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris F-75005, France
| | - Antoine Danon
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
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Allouche D, Kostova G, Hamon M, Marchand CH, Caron M, Belhocine S, Christol N, Charteau V, Condon C, Durand S. New RoxS sRNA Targets Identified in Bacillus subtilis by Pulsed SILAC. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0047123. [PMID: 37338392 PMCID: PMC10433868 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00471-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (sRNA) play a key role in controlling gene expression in bacteria, typically by base-pairing with ribosome binding sites to block translation. The modification of ribosome traffic along the mRNA generally affects its stability. However, a few cases have been described in bacteria where sRNAs can affect translation without a major impact on mRNA stability. To identify new sRNA targets in Bacillus subtilis potentially belonging to this class of mRNAs, we used pulsed-SILAC (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture) to label newly synthesized proteins after short expression of the RoxS sRNA, the best characterized sRNA in this bacterium. RoxS sRNA was previously shown to interfere with the expression of genes involved in central metabolism, permitting control of the NAD+/NADH ratio in B. subtilis. In this study, we confirmed most of the known targets of RoxS, showing the efficiency of the method. We further expanded the number of mRNA targets encoding enzymes of the TCA cycle and identified new targets. One of these is YcsA, a tartrate dehydrogenase that uses NAD+ as co-factor, in excellent agreement with the proposed role of RoxS in management of NAD+/NADH ratio in Firmicutes. IMPORTANCE Non-coding RNAs (sRNA) play an important role in bacterial adaptation and virulence. The identification of the most complete set of targets for these regulatory RNAs is key to fully identifying the perimeter of its function(s). Most sRNAs modify both the translation (directly) and mRNA stability (indirectly) of their targets. However, sRNAs can also influence the translation efficiency of the target primarily, with little or no impact on mRNA stability. The characterization of these targets is challenging. We describe here the application of the pulsed SILAC method to identify such targets and obtain the most complete list of targets for a defined sRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Allouche
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Gergana Kostova
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Marion Hamon
- FR550, CNRS, Plateforme de Protéomique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Christophe H. Marchand
- FR550, CNRS, Plateforme de Protéomique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR7238, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Caron
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Sihem Belhocine
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Ninon Christol
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Violette Charteau
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Ciarán Condon
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Durand
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
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de Carpentier F, Maes A, Marchand CH, Chung C, Durand C, Crozet P, Lemaire SD, Danon A. How abiotic stress-induced socialization leads to the formation of massive aggregates in Chlamydomonas. Plant Physiol 2022; 190:1927-1940. [PMID: 35775951 PMCID: PMC9614484 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms implement a set of reactions involving signaling and cooperation between different types of cells. Unicellular organisms, on the other hand, activate defense systems that involve collective behaviors between individual organisms. In the unicellular model alga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), the existence and the function of collective behaviors mechanisms in response to stress remain mostly at the level of the formation of small structures called palmelloids. Here, we report the characterization of a mechanism of abiotic stress response that Chlamydomonas can trigger to form massive multicellular structures. We showed that these aggregates constitute an effective bulwark within which the cells are efficiently protected from the toxic environment. We generated a family of mutants that aggregate spontaneously, the socializer (saz) mutants, of which saz1 is described here in detail. We took advantage of the saz mutants to implement a large-scale multiomics approach that allowed us to show that aggregation is not the result of passive agglutination, but rather genetic reprogramming and substantial modification of the secretome. The reverse genetic analysis we conducted allowed us to identify positive and negative regulators of aggregation and to make hypotheses on how this process is controlled in Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix de Carpentier
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Alexandre Maes
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Céline Chung
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cyrielle Durand
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Crozet
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Polytech-Sorbonne, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
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Borde C, Dillard C, L’Honoré A, Quignon F, Hamon M, Marchand CH, Faccion RS, Costa MGS, Pramil E, Larsen AK, Sabbah M, Lemaire SD, Maréchal V, Escargueil AE. The C-Terminal Acidic Tail Modulates the Anticancer Properties of HMGB1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147865. [PMID: 35887213 PMCID: PMC9319070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism reprogramming was recently listed as a hallmark of cancer. In this process, the switch from pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M1 to pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2) is believed to play a crucial role. Interestingly, the activity of the active form of PKM2 can efficiently be inhibited by the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, leading to a rapid blockage of glucose-dependent aerobic respiration and cancer cell death. HMGB1 is a member of the HMG protein family. It contains two DNA-binding HMG-box domains and an acidic C-terminal tail capable of positively or negatively modulating its biological properties. In this work, we report that the deletion of the C-terminal tail of HMGB1 increases its activity towards a large panel of cancer cells without affecting the viability of normal immortalized fibroblasts. Moreover, in silico analysis suggests that the truncated form of HMGB1 retains the capacity of the full-length protein to interact with PKM2. However, based on the capacity of the cells to circumvent oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, we were able to identify either a cytotoxic or cytostatic effect of the proteins. Together, our study provides new insights in the characterization of the anticancer activity of HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Borde
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Clémentine Dillard
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Aurore L’Honoré
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A-IBPS, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Frédérique Quignon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 144, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, F-75248 Paris, France;
| | - Marion Hamon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FR550, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.H.); (C.H.M.)
| | - Christophe H. Marchand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FR550, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.H.); (C.H.M.)
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR7238, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75005 Paris, France;
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Roberta Soares Faccion
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Hospital do Câncer I, Centro de Pesquisas do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha 23/6° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Maurício G. S. Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Computação Científica, Vice-Presidência de Educação, Informação e Comunicação, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Elodie Pramil
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
- Alliance for Research in Cancerology-APREC, Tenon Hospital, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Annette K. Larsen
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Stéphane D. Lemaire
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR7238, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75005 Paris, France;
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Maréchal
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.E.E.); Tel.: +33-(0)-1-44-27-31-53 (V.M.); +33-(0)-1-49-28-46-44 (A.E.E.)
| | - Alexandre E. Escargueil
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.E.E.); Tel.: +33-(0)-1-44-27-31-53 (V.M.); +33-(0)-1-49-28-46-44 (A.E.E.)
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Mattioli EJ, Rossi J, Meloni M, De Mia M, Marchand CH, Tagliani A, Fanti S, Falini G, Trost P, Lemaire SD, Fermani S, Calvaresi M, Zaffagnini M. Structural snapshots of nitrosoglutathione binding and reactivity underlying S-nitrosylation of photosynthetic GAPDH. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102387. [PMID: 35793584 PMCID: PMC9287727 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation is a redox post-translational modification widely recognized to play an important role in cellular signaling as it can modulate protein function and conformation. At the physiological level, nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is considered the major physiological NO-releasing compound due to its ability to transfer the NO moiety to protein thiols but the structural determinants regulating its redox specificity are not fully elucidated. In this study, we employed photosynthetic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrGAPA) to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying GSNO-dependent thiol oxidation. We first observed that GSNO causes reversible enzyme inhibition by inducing S-nitrosylation. While the cofactor NADP+ partially protects the enzyme from GSNO-mediated S-nitrosylation, protein inhibition is not observed in the presence of the substrate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, indicating that the S-nitrosylation of the catalytic Cys149 is responsible for CrGAPA inactivation. The crystal structures of CrGAPA in complex with NADP+ and NAD+ reveal a general structural similarity with other photosynthetic GAPDH. Starting from the 3D structure, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations to identify the protein residues involved in GSNO binding. The reaction mechanism of GSNO with CrGAPA Cys149 was investigated by quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations, which permitted to disclose the relative contribution of protein residues in modulating the activation barrier of the trans-nitrosylation reaction. Based on our findings, we provide functional and structural insights into the response of CrGAPA to GSNO-dependent regulation, possibly expanding the mechanistic features to other protein cysteines susceptible to be oxidatively modified by GSNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Jun Mattioli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Meloni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello De Mia
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, F-75005, Paris, France; CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FR550, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Tagliani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Fanti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, UMR7238, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; CIRI Health Sciences & Technologies (HST), University of Bologna, I-40064, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; CIRI Health Sciences & Technologies (HST), University of Bologna, I-40064, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, I-40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Le Moigne T, Gurrieri L, Crozet P, Marchand CH, Zaffagnini M, Sparla F, Lemaire SD, Henri J. Crystal structure of chloroplastic thioredoxin z defines a type-specific target recognition. Plant J 2021; 107:434-447. [PMID: 33930214 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are ubiquitous disulfide oxidoreductases structured according to a highly conserved fold. TRXs are involved in a myriad of different processes through a common chemical mechanism. Plant TRXs evolved into seven types with diverse subcellular localization and distinct protein target selectivity. Five TRX types coexist in the chloroplast, with yet scarcely described specificities. We solved the crystal structure of a chloroplastic z-type TRX, revealing a conserved TRX fold with an original electrostatic surface potential surrounding the redox site. This recognition surface is distinct from all other known TRX types from plant and non-plant sources and is exclusively conserved in plant z-type TRXs. We show that this electronegative surface endows thioredoxin z (TRXz) with a capacity to activate the photosynthetic Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme phosphoribulokinase. The distinct electronegative surface of TRXz thereby extends the repertoire of TRX-target recognitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Le Moigne
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- Faculty of Sciences, Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, 91190, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Libero Gurrieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Pierre Crozet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
- Sorbonne Université, Polytech Sorbonne, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
- Plateforme de Protéomique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, FR 550, CNRS, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Julien Henri
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
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Martins L, Knuesting J, Bariat L, Dard A, Freibert SA, Marchand CH, Young D, Dung NHT, Voth W, Debures A, Saez-Vasquez J, Lemaire SD, Lill R, Messens J, Scheibe R, Reichheld JP, Riondet C. Redox Modification of the Iron-Sulfur Glutaredoxin GRXS17 Activates Holdase Activity and Protects Plants from Heat Stress. Plant Physiol 2020; 184:676-692. [PMID: 32826321 PMCID: PMC7536686 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress induces misfolding and aggregation of proteins unless they are guarded by chaperone systems. Here, we examined the function of the glutaredoxin GRXS17, a member of thiol reductase families in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). GRXS17 is a nucleocytosolic monothiol glutaredoxin consisting of an N-terminal thioredoxin domain and three CGFS active-site motif-containing GRX domains that coordinate three iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters in a glutathione-dependent manner. As an Fe-S cluster-charged holoenzyme, GRXS17 is likely involved in the maturation of cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins. In addition to its role in cluster biogenesis, GRXS17 presented both foldase and redox-dependent holdase activities. Oxidative stress in combination with heat stress induced loss of its Fe-S clusters followed by subsequent formation of disulfide bonds between conserved active-site cysteines in the corresponding thioredoxin domains. This oxidation led to a shift of GRXS17 to a high-molecular-weight complex and thus activated its holdase activity in vitro. Moreover, GRXS17 was specifically involved in plant tolerance to moderate high temperature and protected root meristematic cells from heat-induced cell death. Finally, GRXS17 interacted with a different set of proteins upon heat stress, possibly protecting them from heat injuries. Therefore, we propose that the Fe-S cluster enzyme GRXS17 is an essential guard that protects proteins against moderate heat stress, likely through a redox-dependent chaperone activity. We reveal the mechanism of an Fe-S cluster-dependent activity shift that converts the holoenzyme GRXS17 into a holdase, thereby preventing damage caused by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martins
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Johannes Knuesting
- Department of Plant Physiology, FB5, University of Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Laetitia Bariat
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Avilien Dard
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Sven A Freibert
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - David Young
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nguyen Ho Thuy Dung
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wilhelm Voth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Anne Debures
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Julio Saez-Vasquez
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7238, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Christophe Riondet
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-66860 Perpignan, France
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Shao Z, Borde C, Marchand CH, Lemaire SD, Busson P, Gozlan JM, Escargueil A, Maréchal V. Detection of IgG directed against a recombinant form of Epstein-Barr virus BALF0/1 protein in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 162:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zaffagnini M, Fermani S, Marchand CH, Costa A, Sparla F, Rouhier N, Geigenberger P, Lemaire SD, Trost P. Redox Homeostasis in Photosynthetic Organisms: Novel and Established Thiol-Based Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:155-210. [PMID: 30499304 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Redox homeostasis consists of an intricate network of reactions in which reactive molecular species, redox modifications, and redox proteins act in concert to allow both physiological responses and adaptation to stress conditions. Recent Advances: This review highlights established and novel thiol-based regulatory pathways underlying the functional facets and significance of redox biology in photosynthetic organisms. In the last decades, the field of redox regulation has largely expanded and this work is aimed at giving the right credit to the importance of thiol-based regulatory and signaling mechanisms in plants. Critical Issues: This cannot be all-encompassing, but is intended to provide a comprehensive overview on the structural/molecular mechanisms governing the most relevant thiol switching modifications with emphasis on the large genetic and functional diversity of redox controllers (i.e., redoxins). We also summarize the different proteomic-based approaches aimed at investigating the dynamics of redox modifications and the recent evidence that extends the possibility to monitor the cellular redox state in vivo. The physiological relevance of redox transitions is discussed based on reverse genetic studies confirming the importance of redox homeostasis in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Future Directions: In conclusion, we can firmly assume that redox biology has acquired an established significance that virtually infiltrates all aspects of plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- 2 Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alex Costa
- 4 Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Peter Geigenberger
- 6 Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biozentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Trost
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Crozet P, Navarro FJ, Willmund F, Mehrshahi P, Bakowski K, Lauersen KJ, Pérez-Pérez ME, Auroy P, Gorchs Rovira A, Sauret-Gueto S, Niemeyer J, Spaniol B, Theis J, Trösch R, Westrich LD, Vavitsas K, Baier T, Hübner W, de Carpentier F, Cassarini M, Danon A, Henri J, Marchand CH, de Mia M, Sarkissian K, Baulcombe DC, Peltier G, Crespo JL, Kruse O, Jensen PE, Schroda M, Smith AG, Lemaire SD. Birth of a Photosynthetic Chassis: A MoClo Toolkit Enabling Synthetic Biology in the Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2074-2086. [PMID: 30165733 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are regarded as promising organisms to develop innovative concepts based on their photosynthetic capacity that offers more sustainable production than heterotrophic hosts. However, to realize their potential as green cell factories, a major challenge is to make microalgae easier to engineer. A promising approach for rapid and predictable genetic manipulation is to use standardized synthetic biology tools and workflows. To this end we have developed a Modular Cloning toolkit for the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It is based on Golden Gate cloning with standard syntax, and comprises 119 openly distributed genetic parts, most of which have been functionally validated in several strains. It contains promoters, UTRs, terminators, tags, reporters, antibiotic resistance genes, and introns cloned in various positions to allow maximum modularity. The toolkit enables rapid building of engineered cells for both fundamental research and algal biotechnology. This work will make Chlamydomonas the next chassis for sustainable synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Crozet
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Felix Willmund
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Payam Mehrshahi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Kamil Bakowski
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kyle J. Lauersen
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Maria-Esther Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Pascaline Auroy
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues Cadarache, Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Aleix Gorchs Rovira
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Susana Sauret-Gueto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Justus Niemeyer
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Benjamin Spaniol
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Jasmine Theis
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Raphael Trösch
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Lisa-Desiree Westrich
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Vavitsas
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Baier
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Felix de Carpentier
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Cassarini
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Danon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Julien Henri
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Christophe H. Marchand
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marcello de Mia
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Sarkissian
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - David C. Baulcombe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues Cadarache, Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - José-Luis Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Poul-Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Schroda
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Alison G. Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Stéphane D. Lemaire
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Maes A, Martinez X, Druart K, Laurent B, Guégan S, Marchand CH, Lemaire SD, Baaden M. MinOmics, an Integrative and Immersive Tool for Multi-Omics Analysis. J Integr Bioinform 2018; 15:/j/jib.ahead-of-print/jib-2018-0006/jib-2018-0006.xml. [PMID: 29927748 PMCID: PMC6167043 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomic and transcriptomic technologies resulted in massive biological datasets, their interpretation requiring sophisticated computational strategies. Efficient and intuitive real-time analysis remains challenging. We use proteomic data on 1417 proteins of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to investigate physicochemical parameters governing selectivity of three cysteine-based redox post translational modifications (PTM): glutathionylation (SSG), nitrosylation (SNO) and disulphide bonds (SS) reduced by thioredoxins. We aim to understand underlying molecular mechanisms and structural determinants through integration of redox proteome data from gene- to structural level. Our interactive visual analytics approach on an 8.3 m2 display wall of 25 MPixel resolution features stereoscopic three dimensions (3D) representation performed by UnityMol WebGL. Virtual reality headsets complement the range of usage configurations for fully immersive tasks. Our experiments confirm that fast access to a rich cross-linked database is necessary for immersive analysis of structural data. We emphasize the possibility to display complex data structures and relationships in 3D, intrinsic to molecular structure visualization, but less common for omics-network analysis. Our setup is powered by MinOmics, an integrated analysis pipeline and visualization framework dedicated to multi-omics analysis. MinOmics integrates data from various sources into a materialized physical repository. We evaluate its performance, a design criterion for the framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Maes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Martinez
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, UPR9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Karen Druart
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, UPR9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Benoist Laurent
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, FRC 550, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sean Guégan
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, UPR9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marc Baaden
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, UPR9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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Zhan Y, Marchand CH, Maes A, Mauries A, Sun Y, Dhaliwal JS, Uniacke J, Arragain S, Jiang H, Gold ND, Martin VJJ, Lemaire SD, Zerges W. Pyrenoid functions revealed by proteomics in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0185039. [PMID: 29481573 PMCID: PMC5826530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Organelles are intracellular compartments which are themselves compartmentalized. Biogenic and metabolic processes are localized to specialized domains or microcompartments to enhance their efficiency and suppress deleterious side reactions. An example of intra-organellar compartmentalization is the pyrenoid in the chloroplasts of algae and hornworts. This microcompartment enhances the photosynthetic CO2-fixing activity of the Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme Rubisco, suppresses an energetically wasteful oxygenase activity of Rubisco, and mitigates limiting CO2 availability in aquatic environments. Hence, the pyrenoid is functionally analogous to the carboxysomes in cyanobacteria. However, a comprehensive analysis of pyrenoid functions based on its protein composition is lacking. Here we report a proteomic characterization of the pyrenoid in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Pyrenoid-enriched fractions were analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry. Contaminant proteins were identified by parallel analyses of pyrenoid-deficient mutants. This pyrenoid proteome contains 190 proteins, many of which function in processes that are known or proposed to occur in pyrenoids: e.g. the carbon concentrating mechanism, starch metabolism or RNA metabolism and translation. Using radioisotope pulse labeling experiments, we show that pyrenoid-associated ribosomes could be engaged in the localized synthesis of the large subunit of Rubisco. New pyrenoid functions are supported by proteins in tetrapyrrole and chlorophyll synthesis, carotenoid metabolism or amino acid metabolism. Hence, our results support the long-standing hypothesis that the pyrenoid is a hub for metabolism. The 81 proteins of unknown function reveal candidates for new participants in these processes. Our results provide biochemical evidence of pyrenoid functions and a resource for future research on pyrenoids and their use to enhance agricultural plant productivity. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004509.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- Department of Biology & Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe H. Marchand
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Maes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mauries
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Biology & Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James S. Dhaliwal
- Department of Biology & Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Uniacke
- Department of Biology & Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Arragain
- Department of Biology & Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Biology & Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicholas D. Gold
- Department of Biology & Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent J. J. Martin
- Department of Biology & Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane D. Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (SDL); (WZ)
| | - William Zerges
- Department of Biology & Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (SDL); (WZ)
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Pérez-Pérez ME, Mauriès A, Maes A, Tourasse NJ, Hamon M, Lemaire SD, Marchand CH. The Deep Thioredoxome in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: New Insights into Redox Regulation. Mol Plant 2017; 10:1107-1125. [PMID: 28739495 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-based redox post-translational modifications have emerged as important mechanisms of signaling and regulation in all organisms, and thioredoxin plays a key role by controlling the thiol-disulfide status of target proteins. Recent redox proteomic studies revealed hundreds of proteins regulated by glutathionylation and nitrosylation in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while much less is known about the thioredoxin interactome in this organism. By combining qualitative and quantitative proteomic analyses, we have comprehensively investigated the Chlamydomonas thioredoxome and 1188 targets have been identified. They participate in a wide range of metabolic pathways and cellular processes. This study broadens not only the redox regulation to new enzymes involved in well-known thioredoxin-regulated metabolic pathways but also sheds light on cellular processes for which data supporting redox regulation are scarce (aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, nuclear transport, etc). Moreover, we characterized 1052 thioredoxin-dependent regulatory sites and showed that these data constitute a valuable resource for future functional studies in Chlamydomonas. By comparing this thioredoxome with proteomic data for glutathionylation and nitrosylation at the protein and cysteine levels, this work confirms the existence of a complex redox regulation network in Chlamydomonas and provides evidence of a tremendous selectivity of redox post-translational modifications for specific cysteine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Esther Pérez-Pérez
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mauriès
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Maes
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas J Tourasse
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FRC550, CNRS, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marion Hamon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FRC550, CNRS, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FRC550, CNRS, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
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Berger H, De Mia M, Morisse S, Marchand CH, Lemaire SD, Wobbe L, Kruse O. A Light Switch Based on Protein S-Nitrosylation Fine-Tunes Photosynthetic Light Harvesting in Chlamydomonas. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:821-32. [PMID: 27208221 PMCID: PMC4902583 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic eukaryotes are challenged by a fluctuating light supply, demanding for a modulated expression of nucleus-encoded light-harvesting proteins associated with photosystem II (LHCII) to adjust light-harvesting capacity to the prevailing light conditions. Here, we provide clear evidence for a regulatory circuit that controls cytosolic LHCII translation in response to light quantity changes. In the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the cytosolic RNA-binding protein NAB1 represses translation of certain LHCII isoform mRNAs. Specific nitrosylation of Cys-226 decreases NAB1 activity and could be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The less active, nitrosylated form of NAB1 is found in cells acclimated to limiting light supply, which permits accumulation of light-harvesting proteins and efficient light capture. In contrast, elevated light supply causes its denitrosylation, thereby activating the repression of light-harvesting protein synthesis, which is needed to control excitation pressure at photosystem II. Denitrosylation of recombinant NAB1 is efficiently performed by the cytosolic thioredoxin system in vitro. To our knowledge, NAB1 is the first example of stimulus-induced denitrosylation in the context of photosynthetic acclimation. By identifying this novel redox cross-talk pathway between chloroplast and cytosol, we add a new key element required for drawing a precise blue print of the regulatory network of light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Berger
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (H.B., L.W., O.K.); andSorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 6, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (M.D.M., S.M., C.H.M., S.D.L.)
| | - Marcello De Mia
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (H.B., L.W., O.K.); andSorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 6, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (M.D.M., S.M., C.H.M., S.D.L.)
| | - Samuel Morisse
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (H.B., L.W., O.K.); andSorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 6, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (M.D.M., S.M., C.H.M., S.D.L.)
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (H.B., L.W., O.K.); andSorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 6, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (M.D.M., S.M., C.H.M., S.D.L.)
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (H.B., L.W., O.K.); andSorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 6, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (M.D.M., S.M., C.H.M., S.D.L.)
| | - Lutz Wobbe
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (H.B., L.W., O.K.); andSorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 6, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (M.D.M., S.M., C.H.M., S.D.L.)
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (H.B., L.W., O.K.); andSorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 6, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France (M.D.M., S.M., C.H.M., S.D.L.)
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Zaffagnini M, De Mia M, Morisse S, Di Giacinto N, Marchand CH, Maes A, Lemaire SD, Trost P. Protein S-nitrosylation in photosynthetic organisms: A comprehensive overview with future perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1864:952-66. [PMID: 26861774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The free radical nitric oxide (NO) and derivative reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play essential roles in cellular redox regulation mainly through protein S-nitrosylation, a redox post-translational modification in which specific cysteines are converted to nitrosothiols. SCOPE OF VIEW This review aims to discuss the current state of knowledge, as well as future perspectives, regarding protein S-nitrosylation in photosynthetic organisms. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS NO, synthesized by plants from different sources (nitrite, arginine), provides directly or indirectly the nitroso moiety of nitrosothiols. Biosynthesis, reactivity and scavenging systems of NO/RNS, determine the NO-based signaling including the rate of protein nitrosylation. Denitrosylation reactions compete with nitrosylation in setting the levels of nitrosylated proteins in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on a combination of proteomic, biochemical and genetic approaches, protein nitrosylation is emerging as a pervasive player in cell signaling networks. Specificity of protein nitrosylation and integration among different post-translational modifications are among the major challenges for future experimental studies in the redox biology field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zaffagnini
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M De Mia
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Morisse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - N Di Giacinto
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C H Marchand
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Maes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S D Lemaire
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - P Trost
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
Autophagy is a membrane-trafficking process whereby double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes engulf and deliver intracellular material to the vacuole for degradation. Atg4 is a cysteine protease with an essential function in autophagosome formation. Mounting evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species may play a role in the control of autophagy and could regulate Atg4 activity but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we showed that reactive oxygen species activate autophagy in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and unraveled the molecular mechanism by which redox balance controls Atg4 activity. A combination of biochemical assays, redox titrations, and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Atg4 is regulated by oxidoreduction of a single disulfide bond between Cys338 and Cys394. This disulfide has a low redox potential and is very efficiently reduced by thioredoxin, suggesting that this oxidoreductase plays an important role in Atg4 regulation. Accordingly, we found that autophagy activation by rapamycin was more pronounced in a thioredoxin mutant compared with wild-type cells. Moreover, in vivo studies indicated that Cys338 and Cys394 are required for the proper regulation of autophagosome biogenesis, since mutation of these cysteines resulted in increased recruitment of Atg8 to the phagophore assembly site. Thus, we propose that the fine-tuning of Atg4 activity depending on the intracellular redox state may regulate autophagosome formation.
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Key Words
- ATG, autophagy-related
- Ape1, aminopeptidase I
- Asc, ascorbate
- Atg4
- Cvt, cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting
- DTNB, 5, 5′-dithiobis (2-nitro-benzoic acid)
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- DTTox, oxidized DTT
- DTTred, reduced DTT
- Eh, redox potential
- Em, midpoint redox potential
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GSNO, S-nitrosoglutathione
- GSSG, oxidized glutathione
- Gsr, glutathione reductase
- IAM, iodoacetamide
- NEM, N-ethylmaleimide
- PAS, phagophore assembly site
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PTM, post-translational modification
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, synthetic minimal medium
- Trr1, thioredoxin reductase 1
- Trx1, thioredoxin 1
- YPD, yeast peptone dextrose
- autophagy
- phagophore assembly site
- rap, rapamycin
- redox regulation
- thioredoxin
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Affiliation(s)
- María Esther Pérez-Pérez
- a Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; UMR8226; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique ; Paris , France
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Abstract
AIMS Protein S-nitrosylation, a post-translational modification (PTM) consisting of the covalent binding of nitric oxide (NO) to a cysteine thiol moiety, plays a major role in cell signaling and is recognized to be involved in numerous physiological processes and diseases in mammals. The importance of nitrosylation in photosynthetic eukaryotes has been less studied. The aim of this study was to expand our knowledge on protein nitrosylation by performing a large-scale proteomic analysis of proteins undergoing nitrosylation in vivo in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells under nitrosative stress. RESULTS Using two complementary proteomic approaches, 492 nitrosylated proteins were identified. They participate in a wide range of biological processes and pathways, including photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, translation, protein folding or degradation, cell motility, and stress. Several proteins were confirmed in vitro by western blot, site-directed mutagenesis and activity measurements. Moreover, 392 sites of nitrosylation were also identified. These results strongly suggest that S-nitrosylation could constitute a major mechanism of regulation in C. reinhardtii under nitrosative stress conditions. INNOVATION This study constitutes the largest proteomic analysis of protein nitrosylation reported to date. CONCLUSION The identification of 381 previously unrecognized targets of nitrosylation further extends our knowledge on the importance of this PTM in photosynthetic eukaryotes. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange repository with identifier PXD000569.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Morisse
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, FRE3354 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris, France
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18
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Morisse S, Michelet L, Bedhomme M, Marchand CH, Calvaresi M, Trost P, Fermani S, Zaffagnini M, Lemaire SD. Thioredoxin-dependent redox regulation of chloroplastic phosphoglycerate kinase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30012-24. [PMID: 25202015 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms, thioredoxin-dependent redox regulation is a well established mechanism involved in the control of a large number of cellular processes, including the Calvin-Benson cycle. Indeed, 4 of 11 enzymes of this cycle are activated in the light through dithiol/disulfide interchanges controlled by chloroplastic thioredoxin. Recently, several proteomics-based approaches suggested that not only four but all enzymes of the Calvin-Benson cycle may withstand redox regulation. Here, we characterized the redox features of the Calvin-Benson enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK1) from the eukaryotic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and we show that C. reinhardtii PGK1 (CrPGK1) activity is inhibited by the formation of a single regulatory disulfide bond with a low midpoint redox potential (-335 mV at pH 7.9). CrPGK1 oxidation was found to affect the turnover number without altering the affinity for substrates, whereas the enzyme activation appeared to be specifically controlled by f-type thioredoxin. Using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, thiol titration, mass spectrometry analyses, and three-dimensional modeling, the regulatory disulfide bond was shown to involve the not strictly conserved Cys(227) and Cys(361). Based on molecular mechanics calculation, the formation of the disulfide is proposed to impose structural constraints in the C-terminal domain of the enzyme that may lower its catalytic efficiency. It is therefore concluded that CrPGK1 might constitute an additional light-modulated Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme with a low activity in the dark and a TRX-dependent activation in the light. These results are also discussed from an evolutionary point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Morisse
- From CNRS, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France, the Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Universit́ Paris 06, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laure Michelet
- From CNRS, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France, the Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Universit́ Paris 06, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mariette Bedhomme
- From CNRS, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France, the Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Universit́ Paris 06, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- From CNRS, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France, the Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Universit́ Paris 06, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- the Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician," University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- the Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and
| | - Simona Fermani
- the Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician," University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- the Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- From CNRS, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France, the Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Universit́ Paris 06, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France,
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Zaffagnini M, Michelet L, Sciabolini C, Di Giacinto N, Morisse S, Marchand CH, Trost P, Fermani S, Lemaire SD. High-resolution crystal structure and redox properties of chloroplastic triosephosphate isomerase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Plant 2014; 7:101-20. [PMID: 24157611 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) catalyzes the interconversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Photosynthetic organisms generally contain two isoforms of TPI located in both cytoplasm and chloroplasts. While the cytoplasmic TPI is involved in the glycolysis, the chloroplastic isoform participates in the Calvin-Benson cycle, a key photosynthetic process responsible for carbon fixation. Compared with its cytoplasmic counterpart, the functional features of chloroplastic TPI have been poorly investigated and its three-dimensional structure has not been solved. Recently, several studies proposed TPI as a potential target of different redox modifications including dithiol/disulfide interchanges, glutathionylation, and nitrosylation. However, neither the effects on protein activity nor the molecular mechanisms underlying these redox modifications have been investigated. Here, we have produced recombinantly and purified TPI from the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr). The biochemical properties of the enzyme were delineated and its crystallographic structure was determined at a resolution of 1.1 Å. CrTPI is a homodimer with subunits containing the typical (β/α)8-barrel fold. Although no evidence for TRX regulation was obtained, CrTPI was found to undergo glutathionylation by oxidized glutathione and trans-nitrosylation by nitrosoglutathione, confirming its sensitivity to multiple redox modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, FRE3354 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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Michelet L, Zaffagnini M, Morisse S, Sparla F, Pérez-Pérez ME, Francia F, Danon A, Marchand CH, Fermani S, Trost P, Lemaire SD. Redox regulation of the Calvin-Benson cycle: something old, something new. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:470. [PMID: 24324475 PMCID: PMC3838966 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reversible redox post-translational modifications such as oxido-reduction of disulfide bonds, S-nitrosylation, and S-glutathionylation, play a prominent role in the regulation of cell metabolism and signaling in all organisms. These modifications are mainly controlled by members of the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin families. Early studies in photosynthetic organisms have identified the Calvin-Benson cycle, the photosynthetic pathway responsible for carbon assimilation, as a redox regulated process. Indeed, 4 out of 11 enzymes of the cycle were shown to have a low activity in the dark and to be activated in the light through thioredoxin-dependent reduction of regulatory disulfide bonds. The underlying molecular mechanisms were extensively studied at the biochemical and structural level. Unexpectedly, recent biochemical and proteomic studies have suggested that all enzymes of the cycle and several associated regulatory proteins may undergo redox regulation through multiple redox post-translational modifications including glutathionylation and nitrosylation. The aim of this review is to detail the well-established mechanisms of redox regulation of Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes as well as the most recent reports indicating that this pathway is tightly controlled by multiple interconnected redox post-translational modifications. This redox control is likely allowing fine tuning of the Calvin-Benson cycle required for adaptation to varying environmental conditions, especially during responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Michelet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, FRE3354 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Samuel Morisse
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, FRE3354 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - María Esther Pérez-Pérez
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, FRE3354 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France
| | - Francesco Francia
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Antoine Danon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, FRE3354 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France
| | - Christophe H. Marchand
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, FRE3354 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Stéphane D. Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, FRE3354 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France
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Zaffagnini M, Morisse S, Bedhomme M, Marchand CH, Festa M, Rouhier N, Lemaire SD, Trost P. Mechanisms of nitrosylation and denitrosylation of cytoplasmic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22777-89. [PMID: 23749990 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.475467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrosylation is a reversible post-translational modification of protein cysteines playing a major role in cellular regulation and signaling in many organisms, including plants where it has been implicated in the regulation of immunity and cell death. The extent of nitrosylation of a given cysteine residue is governed by the equilibrium between nitrosylation and denitrosylation reactions. The mechanisms of these reactions remain poorly studied in plants. In this study, we have employed glycolytic GAPDH from Arabidopsis thaliana as a tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms of nitrosylation and denitrosylation using a combination of approaches, including activity assays, the biotin switch technique, site-directed mutagenesis, and mass spectrometry. Arabidopsis GAPDH activity was reversibly inhibited by nitrosylation of catalytic Cys-149 mediated either chemically with a strong NO donor or by trans-nitrosylation with GSNO. GSNO was found to trigger both GAPDH nitrosylation and glutathionylation, although nitrosylation was widely prominent. Arabidopsis GAPDH was found to be denitrosylated by GSH but not by plant cytoplasmic thioredoxins. GSH fully converted nitrosylated GAPDH to the reduced, active enzyme, without forming any glutathionylated GAPDH. Thus, we found that nitrosylation of GAPDH is not a step toward formation of the more stable glutathionylated enzyme. GSH-dependent denitrosylation of GAPC1 was found to be linked to the [GSH]/[GSNO] ratio and to be independent of the [GSH]/[GSSG] ratio. The possible importance of these biochemical properties for the regulation of Arabidopsis GAPDH functions in vivo is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Ramos C, Chardonnet S, Marchand CH, Decottignies P, Ango F, Daniel H, Le Maréchal P. Native presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) interacts with exocytosis proteins in rat cerebellum. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20176-86. [PMID: 22528491 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.347468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The eight pre- or/and post-synaptic metabotropic glutamatergic receptors (mGluRs) modulate rapid excitatory transmission sustained by ionotropic receptors. They are classified in three families according to their percentage of sequence identity and their pharmacological properties. mGluR4 belongs to group III and is mainly localized presynaptically. Activation of group III mGluRs leads to depression of excitatory transmission, a process that is exclusively provided by mGluR4 at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse in rodent cerebellum. This function relies at least partly on an inhibition of presynaptic calcium influx, which controls glutamate release. To improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms of the mGluR4 depressant effect, we decided to identify the proteins interacting with this receptor. Immunoprecipitations using anti-mGluR4 antibodies were performed with cerebellar extracts. 183 putative partners that co-immunoprecipitated with anti-mGluR4 antibodies were identified and classified according to their cellular functions. It appears that native mGluR4 interacts with several exocytosis proteins such as Munc18-1, synapsins, and syntaxin. In addition, native mGluR4 was retained on a Sepharose column covalently grafted with recombinant Munc18-1, and immunohistochemistry experiments showed that Munc18-1 and mGluR4 colocalized at plasma membrane in HEK293 cells, observations in favor of an interaction between the two proteins. Finally, affinity chromatography experiments using peptides corresponding to the cytoplasmic domains of mGluR4 confirmed the interaction observed between mGluR4 and a selection of exocytosis proteins, including Munc18-1. These results could give indications to explain how mGluR4 can modulate glutamate release at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum in addition to the inhibition of presynaptic calcium influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Ramos
- Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, CNRS UMR 8619, Institut de Biochimie et de Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Univ. Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Zaffagnini M, Bedhomme M, Marchand CH, Morisse S, Trost P, Lemaire SD. Redox regulation in photosynthetic organisms: focus on glutathionylation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:567-86. [PMID: 22053845 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In photosynthetic organisms, besides the well-established disulfide/dithiol exchange reactions specifically controlled by thioredoxins (TRXs), protein S-glutathionylation is emerging as an alternative redox modification occurring under stress conditions. This modification, consisting of the formation of a mixed disulfide between glutathione and a protein cysteine residue, can not only protect specific cysteines from irreversible oxidation but also modulate protein activities and appears to be specifically controlled by small disulfide oxidoreductases of the TRX superfamily named glutaredoxins (GRXs). RECENT STUDIES In recent times, several studies allowed significant progress in this area, mostly due to the identification of several plant proteins undergoing S-glutathionylation and to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms and the proteins involved in the control of this modification. CRITICAL ISSUES This article provides a global overview of protein glutathionylation in photosynthetic organisms with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of protein glutathionylation and deglutathionylation and a focus on the role of GRXs. Then, we describe the methods employed for identification of glutathionylated proteins in photosynthetic organisms and review the targets and the possible physiological functions of protein glutathionylation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In order to establish the importance of protein S-glutathionylation in photosynthetic organisms, future studies should be aimed at delineating more accurately the molecular mechanisms of glutathionylation and deglutathionylation reactions, at identifying proteins undergoing S-glutathionylation in vivo under diverse conditions, and at investigating the importance of redoxins, GRX, and TRX, in the control of this redox modification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
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Zaffagnini M, Bedhomme M, Marchand CH, Couturier JRM, Gao XH, Rouhier N, Trost P, Lemaire SPD. Glutaredoxin s12: unique properties for redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:17-32. [PMID: 21707412 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cysteines (Cys) made acidic by the protein environment are generally sensitive to pro-oxidant molecules. Glutathionylation is a post-translational modification that can occur by spontaneous reaction of reduced glutathione (GSH) with oxidized Cys as sulfenic acids (-SOH). The reverse reaction (deglutathionylation) is strongly stimulated by glutaredoxins (Grx) and requires a reductant, often GSH. RESULTS Here, we show that chloroplast GrxS12 from poplar efficiently reacts with glutathionylated substrates in a GSH-dependent ping pong mechanism. The pK(a) of GrxS12 catalytic Cys is very low (3.9) and makes GrxS12 itself sensitive to oxidation by H(2)O(2) and to direct glutathionylation by nitrosoglutathione. Glutathionylated-GrxS12 (GrxS12-SSG) is temporarily inactive until it is deglutathionylated by GSH. The equilibrium between GrxS12 and glutathione (E(m(GrxS12-SSG))= -315 mV, pH 7.0) is characterized by K(ox) values of 310 at pH 7.0, as in darkened chloroplasts, and 69 at pH 7.9, as in illuminated chloroplasts. INNOVATION Based on thermodynamic data, GrxS12-SSG is predicted to accumulate in vivo under conditions of mild oxidation of the GSH pool that may occur under stress. Moreover, GrxS12-SSG is predicted to be more stable in chloroplasts in the dark than in the light. CONCLUSION These peculiar catalytic and thermodynamic properties could allow GrxS12 to act as a stress-related redox sensor, thus allowing glutathione to play a signaling role through glutathionylation of GrxS12 target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, FRE3354 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Université Pierre et Marie Curies, Paris, France
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Zaffagnini M, Bedhomme M, Groni H, Marchand CH, Puppo C, Gontero B, Cassier-Chauvat C, Decottignies P, Lemaire SD. Glutathionylation in the photosynthetic model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: a proteomic survey. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 11:M111.014142. [PMID: 22122882 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.014142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glutathionylation is a redox post-translational modification occurring under oxidative stress conditions and playing a major role in cell regulation and signaling. This modification has been mainly studied in nonphotosynthetic organisms, whereas much less is known in photosynthetic organisms despite their important exposure to oxidative stress caused by changes in environmental conditions. We report a large scale proteomic analysis using biotinylated glutathione and streptavidin affinity chromatography that allowed identification of 225 glutathionylated proteins in the eukaryotic unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Moreover, 56 sites of glutathionylation were also identified after peptide affinity purification and tandem mass spectrometry. The targets identified belong to a wide range of biological processes and pathways, among which the Calvin-Benson cycle appears to be a major target. The glutathionylation of four enzymes of this cycle, phosphoribulokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase, and phosphoglycerate kinase was confirmed by Western blot and activity measurements. The results suggest that glutathionylation could constitute a major mechanism of regulation of the Calvin-Benson cycle under oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, FRE3354 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
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Marchand CH, Vanacker H, Collin V, Issakidis-Bourguet E, Maréchal PL, Decottignies P. Thioredoxin targets in Arabidopsis roots. Proteomics 2010; 10:2418-28. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tarrago L, Laugier E, Zaffagnini M, Marchand CH, Le Maréchal P, Lemaire SD, Rey P. Plant thioredoxin CDSP32 regenerates 1-cys methionine sulfoxide reductase B activity through the direct reduction of sulfenic acid. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:14964-14972. [PMID: 20236937 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are ubiquitous enzymes catalyzing the reduction of disulfide bonds, thanks to a CXXC active site. Among their substrates, 2-Cys methionine sulfoxide reductases B (2-Cys MSRBs) reduce the R diastereoisomer of methionine sulfoxide (MetSO) and possess two redox-active Cys as follows: a catalytic Cys reducing MetSO and a resolving one, involved in disulfide bridge formation. The other MSRB type, 1-Cys MSRBs, possesses only the catalytic Cys, and their regeneration mechanisms by Trxs remain unclear. The plant plastidial Trx CDSP32 is able to provide 1-Cys MSRB with electrons. CDSP32 includes two Trx modules with one potential active site (219)CGPC(222) and three extra Cys. Here, we investigated the redox properties of recombinant Arabidopsis CDSP32 and delineated the biochemical mechanisms of MSRB regeneration by CDSP32. Free thiol titration and 4-acetamido-4'-maleimidyldistilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid alkylation assays indicated that the Trx possesses only two redox-active Cys, very likely the Cys(219) and Cys(222). Protein electrophoresis analyses coupled to mass spectrometry revealed that CDSP32 forms a heterodimeric complex with MSRB1 via reduction of the sulfenic acid formed on MSRB1 catalytic Cys after MetSO reduction. MSR activity assays using variable CDSP32 amounts revealed that MSRB1 reduction proceeds with a 1:1 stoichiometry, and redox titrations indicated that CDSP32 and MSRB1 possess midpoints potentials of -337 and -328 mV at pH 7.9, respectively, indicating that regeneration of MSRB1 activity by the Trx through sulfenic acid reduction is thermodynamically feasible in physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Tarrago
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternative, (Cadarache), Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6191 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille II, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex
| | - Edith Laugier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternative, (Cadarache), Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6191 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille II, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8619, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Le Maréchal
- Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8619, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | - Pascal Rey
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternative, (Cadarache), Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6191 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille II, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex.
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Bedhomme M, Zaffagnini M, Marchand CH, Gao XH, Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Michelet L, Decottignies P, Lemaire SD. Regulation by glutathionylation of isocitrate lyase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:36282-36291. [PMID: 19847013 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.064428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of protein cysteine residues is emerging as an important regulatory and signaling mechanism. We have identified numerous putative targets of redox regulation in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. One enzyme, isocitrate lyase (ICL), was identified both as a putative thioredoxin target and as an S-thiolated protein in vivo. ICL is a key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle that allows growth on acetate as a sole source of carbon. The aim of the present study was to clarify the molecular mechanism of the redox regulation of Chlamydomonas ICL using a combination of biochemical and biophysical methods. The results clearly show that purified C. reinhardtii ICL can be inactivated by glutathionylation and reactivated by glutaredoxin, whereas thioredoxin does not appear to regulate ICL activity, and no inter- or intramolecular disulfide bond could be formed under any of the conditions tested. Glutathionylation of the protein was investigated by mass spectrometry analysis, Western blotting, and site-directed mutagenesis. The enzyme was found to be protected from irreversible oxidative inactivation by glutathionylation of its catalytic Cys(178), whereas a second residue, Cys(247), becomes artifactually glutathionylated after prolonged incubation with GSSG. The possible functional significance of this post-translational modification of ICL in Chlamydomonas and other organisms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariette Bedhomme
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR 8618, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR 8618, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 8619, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 430, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Xing-Huang Gao
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR 8618, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Moslonka-Lefebvre
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR 8618, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Laure Michelet
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR 8618, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Paulette Decottignies
- Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 8619, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 430, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR 8618, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France.
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