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Taylor LA, Thawley CJ, Pertuit OR, Dennis AJ, Carson IR, Tang C, Johnson MA. Artificial light at night alters diurnal and nocturnal behavior and physiology in green anole lizards. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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2
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Boardman L, Lockwood JL, Angilletta MJ, Krause JS, Lau JA, Loik ME, Simberloff D, Thawley CJ, Meyerson LA. The Future of Invasion Science Needs Physiology. Bioscience 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Incorporating physiology into models of population dynamics will improve our understanding of how and why invasions succeed and cause ecological impacts, whereas others fail or remain innocuous. Targeting both organismal physiologists and invasion scientists, we detail how physiological processes affect every invasion stage, for both plants and animals, and how physiological data can be better used for studying the spatial dynamics and ecological effects of invasive species. We suggest six steps to quantify the physiological functions related to demography of nonnative species: justifying physiological traits of interest, determining ecologically appropriate time frames, identifying relevant abiotic variables, designing experimental treatments that capture covariation between abiotic variables, measuring physiological responses to these abiotic variables, and fitting statistical models to the data. We also provide brief guidance on approaches to modeling invasions. Finally, we emphasize the benefits of integrating research between communities of physiologists and invasion scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Boardman
- Department of Biological Sciences and with the Center for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis , Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Julie L Lockwood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources at Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Michael J Angilletta
- School of Life Sciences and with the Center for Learning Innovation in Science, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - Jesse S Krause
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada , Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Jennifer A Lau
- Department of Biology, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indian, United States
| | - Michael E Loik
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California , Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
| | - Daniel Simberloff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christopher J Thawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Laura A Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
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Miller SE, Barrow LN, Ehlman SM, Goodheart JA, Greiman SE, Lutz HL, Misiewicz TM, Smith SM, Tan M, Thawley CJ, Cook JA, Light JE. Building Natural History Collections for the Twenty-First Century and Beyond. Bioscience 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Natural history collections (NHCs) are important resources for a diverse array of scientific fields. Recent digitization initiatives have broadened the user base of NHCs, and new technological innovations are using materials generated from collections to address novel scientific questions. Simultaneously, NHCs are increasingly imperiled by reductions in funding and resources. Ensuring that NHCs continue to serve as a valuable resource for future generations will require the scientific community to increase their contribution to and acknowledgement of collections. We provide recommendations and guidelines for scientists to support NHCs, focusing particularly on new users that may be unfamiliar with collections. We hope that this perspective will motivate debate on the future of NHCs and the role of the scientific community in maintaining and improving biological collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Miller
- Cornell University Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Ithaca, New York
| | - Lisa N Barrow
- Museum of Southwestern Biology and with the Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | - Sean M Ehlman
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Department, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Saint Paul
| | - Jessica A Goodheart
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, in Santa Barbara, California
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Stephen E Greiman
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro Georgia
| | - Holly L Lutz
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tracy M Misiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman
| | - Stephanie M Smith
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Milton Tan
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign, Champaign
| | - Christopher J Thawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Neumann University, Aston, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Museum of Southwestern Biology and with the Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | - Jessica E Light
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station
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Hall JM, Mitchell TS, Thawley CJ, Stroud JT, Warner DA. Adaptive seasonal shift towards investment in fewer, larger offspring: Evidence from field and laboratory studies. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1242-1253. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - Timothy S. Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Christopher J. Thawley
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA
- Department of Biology Davidson College Davidson NC USA
| | - James T. Stroud
- Department of Biology Washington University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Daniel A. Warner
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
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Tylan C, Camacho K, French S, Graham SP, Herr MW, Jones J, McCormick GL, O'Brien MA, Tennessen JB, Thawley CJ, Webb A, Langkilde T. Obtaining plasma to measure baseline corticosterone concentrations in reptiles: How quick is quick enough? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 287:113324. [PMID: 31733208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of glucocorticoid (GC) hormones to understand how wild animals respond to environmental challenges. Blood is the best medium for obtaining information about recent GC levels; however, obtaining blood requires restraint and can therefore be stressful and affect GC levels. There is a delay in GCs entering blood, and it is assumed that blood obtained within 3 min of first disturbing an animal reflects a baseline level of GCs, based largely on studies of birds and mammals. Here we present data on the timing of changes in the principle reptile GC, corticosterone (CORT), in four reptile species for which blood was taken within a range of times 11 min or less after first disturbance. Changes in CORT were observed in cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus; 4 min after first disturbance), rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus; 2 min 30 s), and rock iguanas (Cyclura cychlura; 2 min 44 s), but fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) did not exhibit a change within their 10-min sampling period. In both snake species, samples taken up to 3-7 min after CORT began to increase still had lower CORT concentrations than after exposure to a standard restraint stressor. The "3-min rule" appears broadly applicable as a guide for avoiding increases in plasma CORT due to handling and sampling in reptiles, but the time period in which to obtain true baseline CORT may need to be shorter in some species (rattlesnakes, rock iguanas), and may be unnecessarily limiting for others (cottonmouths, fence lizards).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Tylan
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kiara Camacho
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Susannah French
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Sean P Graham
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mark W Herr
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jermayne Jones
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gail L McCormick
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, and The Center for Brain, Behavior and Cognition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Melissa A O'Brien
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jennifer B Tennessen
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, and The Center for Brain, Behavior and Cognition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Christopher J Thawley
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, and The Center for Brain, Behavior and Cognition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alison Webb
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Tracy Langkilde
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, and The Center for Brain, Behavior and Cognition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Abstract
Since the invention of electric lighting, artificial light at night (ALAN) has become a defining, and evolutionary novel, feature of human-altered environments especially in cities. ALAN imposes negative impacts on many organisms, including disrupting endocrine function, metabolism, and reproduction. However, we do not know how generalized these impacts are across taxa that exploit urban environments. We exposed brown anole lizards, an abundant and invasive urban exploiter, to relevant levels of ALAN in the laboratory and assessed effects on growth and reproduction at the start of the breeding season. Male and female anoles exposed to ALAN increased growth and did not suffer increased levels of corticosterone. ALAN exposure induced earlier egg-laying, likely by mimicking a longer photoperiod, and increased reproductive output without reducing offspring quality. These increases in growth and reproduction should increase fitness. Anoles, and potentially other taxa, may be resistant to some negative effects of ALAN and able to take advantage of the novel niche space ALAN creates. ALAN and both its negative and positive impacts may play a crucial role in determining which species invade and exploit urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Thawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jason J Kolbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Del Giudice M, Buck CL, Chaby LE, Gormally BM, Taff CC, Thawley CJ, Vitousek MN, Wada H. What Is Stress? A Systems Perspective. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 58:1019-1032. [PMID: 30204874 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "stress" is used to describe important phenomena at multiple levels of biological organization, but finding a general and rigorous definition of the concept has proven challenging. Current models in the behavioral literature emphasize the cognitive aspects of stress, which is said to occur when threats to the organism are perceived as uncontrollable and/or unpredictable. Here we adopt the perspective of systems biology and take a step toward a general definition of stress by unpacking the concept in light of control theory. Our goal is to clarify the concept so as to facilitate integrative research and formal analysis. We argue that stress occurs when a biological control system detects a failure to control a fitness-critical variable, which may be either internal or external to the organism. Biological control systems typically include both feedback (reactive, compensatory) and feedforward (predictive, anticipatory) components; their interplay accounts for the complex phenomenology of stress in living organisms. The simple and abstract definition we propose applies to animals, plants, and single cells, highlighting connections across levels of organization. In the final section of the paper we explore some extensions of our approach and suggest directions for future research. Specifically, we discuss the classic concepts of conditioning and hormesis and review relevant work on cellular stress responses; show how control theory suggests the existence of fundamental trade-offs in the design of stress responses; and point to potential insights into the effects of novel environmental conditions, including those resulting from anthropogenic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Del Giudice
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 2001 Redondo Dr. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - C Loren Buck
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-0001, USA
| | - Lauren E Chaby
- Wayne State University, 42 W Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Conor C Taff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Maren N Vitousek
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Haruka Wada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Thawley CJ, Goldy-Brown M, McCormick GL, Graham SP, Langkilde T. Presence of an invasive species reverses latitudinal clines of multiple traits in a native species. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:620-628. [PMID: 30488524 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the processes driving formation and maintenance of latitudinal clines has become increasingly important in light of accelerating global change. Many studies have focused on the role of abiotic factors, especially temperature, in generating clines, but biotic factors, including the introduction of non-native species, may also drive clinal variation. We assessed the impact of invasion by predatory fire ants on latitudinal clines in multiple fitness-relevant traits-morphology, physiological stress responsiveness, and antipredator behavior-in a native fence lizard. In areas invaded by fire ants, a latitudinal cline in morphology is opposite both the cline found in museum specimens from historical populations across the species' full latitudinal range and that found in current populations uninvaded by fire ants. Similarly, clines in stress-relevant hormone response to a stressor and in antipredator behavior differ significantly between the portions of the fence lizard range invaded and uninvaded by fire ants. Changes in these traits within fire ant-invaded areas are adaptive and together support increased and more effective antipredator behavior that allows escape from attacks by this invasive predator. However, these changes may mismatch lizards to the environments under which they historically evolved. This research shows that novel biotic pressures can alter latitudinal clines in multiple traits within a single species on ecological timescales. As global change intensifies, a greater understanding of novel abiotic and biotic pressures and how affected organisms adapt to them across space and time will be central to predicting and managing our changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Thawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Center for Brain, Behavior and Cognition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Goldy-Brown
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Gail L McCormick
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Center for Brain, Behavior and Cognition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Sean P Graham
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Physical Sciences, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, Texas
| | - Tracy Langkilde
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Center for Brain, Behavior and Cognition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Thawley CJ, Moniz HA, Merritt AJ, Battles AC, Michaelides SN, Kolbe JJ. Urbanization affects body size and parasitism but not thermal preferences inAnolislizards. Journal of Urban Ecology 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jue/juy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Thawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, USA
| | - Haley A Moniz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, USA
| | - Amanda J Merritt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, USA
| | - Andrew C Battles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, USA
| | - Sozos N Michaelides
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, USA
| | - Jason J Kolbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, USA
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Graham SP, Freidenfelds NA, Thawley CJ, Robbins TR, Langkilde T. Are Invasive Species Stressful? The Glucocorticoid Profile of Native Lizards Exposed to Invasive Fire Ants Depends on the Context. Physiol Biochem Zool 2017; 90:328-337. [DOI: 10.1086/689983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Schrey AW, Robbins TR, Lee J, Dukes DW, Ragsdale AK, Thawley CJ, Langkilde T. Epigenetic response to environmental change: DNA methylation varies with invasion status. Environ Epigenet 2016; 2:dvw008. [PMID: 29492288 PMCID: PMC5804522 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms may be important for a native species' response to rapid environmental change. Red Imported Fire Ants (Solenopsis invicta Santschi, 1916) were recently introduced to areas occupied by the Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus Bosc & Daudin, 1801). Behavioral, morphological and physiological phenotypes of the Eastern Fence Lizard have changed following invasion, creating a natural biological system to investigate environmentally induced epigenetic changes. We tested for variation in DNA methylation patterns in Eastern Fence Lizard populations associated with different histories of invasion by Red Imported Fire Ants. At methylation sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphism loci, we detected a higher diversity of methylation in Eastern Fence Lizard populations from Fire Ant uninvaded versus invaded sites, and uninvaded sites had higher methylation. Our results suggest that invasive species may alter methylation frequencies and the pattern of methylation among native individuals. While our data indicate a high level of intrinsic variability in DNA methylation, DNA methylation at some genomic loci may underlie observed phenotypic changes in Eastern Fence Lizard populations in response to invasion of Red Imported Fire Ants. This process may be important in facilitating adaptation of native species to novel pressures imposed by a rapidly changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W. Schrey
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah,
GA 31419
| | - Travis R. Robbins
- Biology, Chemistry & Environmental Science, Northern New Mexico College, 921 N.
Paseo De Oñate, Española, NM 87532, USA
- Biology Department, Center for Brain Behavior and Cognition, Intercollegiate
Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jacob Lee
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah,
GA 31419
| | - David W. Dukes
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah,
GA 31419
| | - Alexandria K. Ragsdale
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah,
GA 31419
| | - Christopher J. Thawley
- Biology Department, Center for Brain Behavior and Cognition, Intercollegiate
Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tracy Langkilde
- Biology Department, Center for Brain Behavior and Cognition, Intercollegiate
Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Herr MW, Robbins TR, Centi A, Thawley CJ, Langkilde T. Irresistible ants: exposure to novel toxic prey increases consumption over multiple temporal scales. Oecologia 2016; 181:749-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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