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Chaby LE, Lasseter HC, Contrepois K, Salek RM, Turck CW, Thompson A, Vaughan T, Haas M, Jeromin A. Correction: Chaby et al. Cross-Platform Evaluation of Commercially Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Approaches to Optimize the Investigation of Psychiatric Disease. Metabolites 2021, 11, 609. Metabolites 2023; 13:933. [PMID: 37623909 PMCID: PMC10456293 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the original publication [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Chaby
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, NY 10018, USA; (L.E.C.); (H.C.L.); (A.T.); (T.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Heather C. Lasseter
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, NY 10018, USA; (L.E.C.); (H.C.L.); (A.T.); (T.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Reza M. Salek
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, World Health Organisation, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Christoph W. Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Proteomics and Biomarkers, 80804 Munich, Germany;
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, NY 10018, USA; (L.E.C.); (H.C.L.); (A.T.); (T.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Timothy Vaughan
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, NY 10018, USA; (L.E.C.); (H.C.L.); (A.T.); (T.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Magali Haas
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, NY 10018, USA; (L.E.C.); (H.C.L.); (A.T.); (T.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Andreas Jeromin
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, NY 10018, USA; (L.E.C.); (H.C.L.); (A.T.); (T.V.); (M.H.)
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Chaby LE, Lasseter HC, Contrepois K, Salek RM, Turck CW, Thompson A, Vaughan T, Haas M, Jeromin A. Cross-Platform Evaluation of Commercially Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Approaches to Optimize the Investigation of Psychiatric Disease. Metabolites 2021; 11:609. [PMID: 34564425 PMCID: PMC8466258 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics methods often encounter trade-offs between quantification accuracy and coverage, with truly comprehensive coverage only attainable through a multitude of complementary assays. Due to the lack of standardization and the variety of metabolomics assays, it is difficult to integrate datasets across studies or assays. To inform metabolomics platform selection, with a focus on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we review platform use and sample sizes in psychiatric metabolomics studies and then evaluate five prominent metabolomics platforms for coverage and performance, including intra-/inter-assay precision, accuracy, and linearity. We found performance was variable between metabolite classes, but comparable across targeted and untargeted approaches. Within all platforms, precision and accuracy were highly variable across classes, ranging from 0.9-63.2% (coefficient of variation) and 0.6-99.1% for accuracy to reference plasma. Several classes had high inter-assay variance, potentially impeding dissociation of a biological signal, including glycerophospholipids, organooxygen compounds, and fatty acids. Coverage was platform-specific and ranged from 16-70% of PTSD-associated metabolites. Non-overlapping coverage is challenging; however, benefits of applying multiple metabolomics technologies must be weighed against cost, biospecimen availability, platform-specific normative levels, and challenges in merging datasets. Our findings and open-access cross-platform dataset can inform platform selection and dataset integration based on platform-specific coverage breadth/overlap and metabolite-specific performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Chaby
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, NY 10018, USA; (L.E.C.); (H.C.L.); (A.T.); (T.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Heather C. Lasseter
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, NY 10018, USA; (L.E.C.); (H.C.L.); (A.T.); (T.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Reza M. Salek
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, World Health Organisation, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Christoph W. Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Proteomics and Biomarkers, 80804 Munich, Germany;
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, NY 10018, USA; (L.E.C.); (H.C.L.); (A.T.); (T.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Timothy Vaughan
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, NY 10018, USA; (L.E.C.); (H.C.L.); (A.T.); (T.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Magali Haas
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, NY 10018, USA; (L.E.C.); (H.C.L.); (A.T.); (T.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Andreas Jeromin
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York, NY 10018, USA; (L.E.C.); (H.C.L.); (A.T.); (T.V.); (M.H.)
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Ferland-Beckham C, Chaby LE, Daskalakis NP, Knox D, Liberzon I, Lim MM, McIntyre C, Perrine SA, Risbrough VB, Sabban EL, Jeromin A, Haas M. Systematic Review and Methodological Considerations for the Use of Single Prolonged Stress and Fear Extinction Retention in Rodents. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:652636. [PMID: 34054443 PMCID: PMC8162789 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.652636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event that can lead to lifelong burden that increases mortality and adverse health outcomes. Yet, no new treatments have reached the market in two decades. Thus, screening potential interventions for PTSD is of high priority. Animal models often serve as a critical translational tool to bring new therapeutics from bench to bedside. However, the lack of concordance of some human clinical trial outcomes with preclinical animal efficacy findings has led to a questioning of the methods of how animal studies are conducted and translational validity established. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to determine methodological variability in studies that applied a prominent animal model of trauma-like stress, single prolonged stress (SPS). The SPS model has been utilized to evaluate a myriad of PTSD-relevant outcomes including extinction retention. Rodents exposed to SPS express an extinction retention deficit, a phenotype identified in humans with PTSD, in which fear memory is aberrantly retained after fear memory extinction. The current systematic review examines methodological variation across all phases of the SPS paradigm, as well as strategies for behavioral coding, data processing, statistical approach, and the depiction of data. Solutions for key challenges and sources of variation within these domains are discussed. In response to methodological variation in SPS studies, an expert panel was convened to generate methodological considerations to guide researchers in the application of SPS and the evaluation of extinction retention as a test for a PTSD-like phenotype. Many of these guidelines are applicable to all rodent paradigms developed to model trauma effects or learned fear processes relevant to PTSD, and not limited to SPS. Efforts toward optimizing preclinical model application are essential for enhancing the reproducibility and translational validity of preclinical findings, and should be conducted for all preclinical psychiatric research models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren E Chaby
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Dayan Knox
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Miranda M Lim
- Departments of Neurology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Sleep Disorders Clinic, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Christa McIntyre
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Research Service, John. D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Victoria B Risbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Excellence in Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | - Magali Haas
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, New York City, NY, United States
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Chaby LE, Sadik N, Burson NA, Lloyd S, O'Donnel K, Winters J, Conti AC, Liberzon I, Perrine SA. Repeated stress exposure in mid-adolescence attenuates behavioral, noradrenergic, and epigenetic effects of trauma-like stress in early adult male rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17935. [PMID: 33087769 PMCID: PMC7578655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress in adolescence can regulate vulnerability to traumatic stress in adulthood through region-specific epigenetic activity and catecholamine levels. We hypothesized that stress in adolescence would increase adult trauma vulnerability by impairing extinction-retention, a deficit in PTSD, by (1) altering class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), which integrate effects of stress on gene expression, and (2) enhancing norepinephrine in brain regions regulating cognitive effects of trauma. We investigated the effects of adolescent-stress on adult vulnerability to severe stress using the single-prolonged stress (SPS) model in male rats. Rats were exposed to either (1) adolescent-stress (33-35 postnatal days) then SPS (58-60 postnatal days; n = 14), or (2) no adolescent-stress and SPS (58-60 postnatal days; n = 14), or (3) unstressed conditions (n = 8). We then measured extinction-retention, norepinephrine, HDAC4, and HDAC5. As expected, SPS exposure induced an extinction-retention deficit. Adolescent-stress prior to SPS eliminated this deficit, suggesting adolescent-stress conferred resiliency to adult severe stress. Adolescent-stress also conferred region-specific resilience to norepinephrine changes. HDAC4 and HDAC5 were down-regulated following SPS, and these changes were also modulated by adolescent-stress. Regulation of HDAC levels was consistent with the pattern of cognitive effects of SPS; only animals exposed to SPS without adolescent-stress exhibited reduced HDAC4 and HDAC5 in the prelimbic cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Thus, HDAC regulation caused by severe stress in adulthood interacts with stress history such that seemingly conflicting reports describing effects of adolescent stress on adult PTSD vulnerability may stem in part from dynamic HDAC changes following trauma that are shaped by adolescent stress history.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adolescent Behavior/physiology
- Adolescent Behavior/psychology
- Animals
- Brain/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Extinction, Psychological/physiology
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Norepinephrine/metabolism
- Psychology, Adolescent
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Retention, Psychology/physiology
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/genetics
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/metabolism
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology
- Stress, Psychological
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Chaby
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Nareen Sadik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nicole A Burson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Scott Lloyd
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kelly O'Donnel
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Jesse Winters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alana C Conti
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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Lasseter HC, Provost AC, Chaby LE, Daskalakis NP, Haas M, Jeromin A. Cross-platform comparison of highly sensitive immunoassay technologies for cytokine markers: Platform performance in post-traumatic stress disorder and Parkinson's disease. Cytokine X 2020; 2:100027. [PMID: 33604555 PMCID: PMC7885879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2020.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-platform comparisons were conducted across five leading immunoassay platforms. Plasma and serum were obtained from healthy controls and clinical populations. Analytic parameters included sensitivity, precision, and performance correlation. Platform performance was highly variable, particularly for low-abundant cytokines. Findings highlight certain immunoassays should be prioritized in future research.
There is mounting evidence of systemic inflammation in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet inconsistency and a lack of replicability in findings of putative biological markers have delayed progress in this space. Variability in performance between platforms may contribute to the lack of consensus in the biomarker literature, as has been seen for a number of psychiatric disorders, including PTSD. Thus, there is a need for high-performance, scalable, and validated platforms for the discovery and development of biomarkers of inflammation for use in drug development and as clinical diagnostics. To identify the best platform for use in future biomarker discovery efforts, we conducted a comprehensive cross-platform and cross-assay evaluation across five leading platform technologies. This initial assessment focused on four cytokines that have been implicated PTSD – interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ. To assess platform performance and understand likely measurements in individuals with brain disorders, serum and plasma samples were obtained from individuals with PTSD (n = 13) or Parkinson’s Disease (n = 14) as well as healthy controls (n = 5). We compared platform performance across a number of common analytic parameters, including assay precision, sensitivity, frequency of endogenous analyte detection (FEAD), correlation between platforms, and parallelism in measurement of cytokines using a serial dilution series. The single molecule array (Simoa™) ultra-sensitive platform (Quanterix), MESO V-Plex (Mesoscale Discovery), and Luminex xMAP® (Myriad) were conducted by their respective vendors, while Luminex® and Quantikine® high-sensitivity ELISA assays were evaluated by R&D System’s Biomarker Testing Services. The assay with the highest sensitivity in detecting endogenous analytes across all analytes and clinical populations (i.e. the highest FEAD), was the Simoa™ platform. In contrast, more variable performance was observed for MESO V-plex, R&D Luminex® and Quantikine®, while Myriad’s Luminex xMAP® exhibited low FEAD across all analytes and samples. Simoa™ also demonstrated high precision in detecting endogenous cytokines, as reflected in < 20 percent coefficient of variance (%CV) across replicate runs for samples from the healthy controls, PTSD patients, and PD patients. In contrast, MESO V-Plex, R&D Luminex® and Quantikine® had variable performance in terms of precision across cytokines. Myriad Luminex xMAP® could not be included in precision estimates because the vendor did not run samples in duplicate. For cross-platform performance comparisons, the highest cross-platform correlations were observed for IL-6 such that all platforms – except for Myriad’s Luminex xMAP® – had strong correlations with one another in measurements of IL-6 (r range = 0.59 – 0.86). For the other cytokines, there was low to no correlation across platforms, such that reported measurements of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ varied across assays. Taken together, these findings provide novel evidence that the choice of immunoassay could greatly impact reported cytokine findings. The current study provides crucial information on the variability in performance between platforms and across immunoassays that may help inform the selection of assay in future research studies. Further, the results emphasize the need for performing comparative evaluations of immunoassays as new technologies emerge over time, particularly given the lack of reference standards for the quantitative assessments of cytokines.
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Key Words
- BLQ, below limit of quantification
- Biomarker
- CV, coefficient of variance
- Cytokine
- FEAD, frequency of endogenous analyte detection
- IFN-γ, interferon-γ
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IUGB, Indiana University Genetics Biobank
- Immunoassay
- LLOD, lower limit of detection
- LLOQ, lower limit of quantification
- MSD, Mesoscale Discovery
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- PMA, phorbol myristate acetate
- PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder
- Parkinson’s disease
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- ULOD, upper limit of detection
- ULOQ, upper limit of quantification
- Ultrasensitive technologies
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Lasseter
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience Inc., 535 8th Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10018, United States
| | - Allison C Provost
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience Inc., 535 8th Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10018, United States
| | - Lauren E Chaby
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience Inc., 535 8th Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10018, United States
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience Inc., 535 8th Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10018, United States
| | - Magali Haas
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience Inc., 535 8th Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10018, United States
| | - Andreas Jeromin
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience Inc., 535 8th Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10018, United States
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Del Giudice M, Buck CL, Chaby LE, Gormally BM, Taff CC, Thawley CJ, Vitousek MN, Wada H. What Is Stress? A Systems Perspective. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 58:1019-1032. [PMID: 30204874 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "stress" is used to describe important phenomena at multiple levels of biological organization, but finding a general and rigorous definition of the concept has proven challenging. Current models in the behavioral literature emphasize the cognitive aspects of stress, which is said to occur when threats to the organism are perceived as uncontrollable and/or unpredictable. Here we adopt the perspective of systems biology and take a step toward a general definition of stress by unpacking the concept in light of control theory. Our goal is to clarify the concept so as to facilitate integrative research and formal analysis. We argue that stress occurs when a biological control system detects a failure to control a fitness-critical variable, which may be either internal or external to the organism. Biological control systems typically include both feedback (reactive, compensatory) and feedforward (predictive, anticipatory) components; their interplay accounts for the complex phenomenology of stress in living organisms. The simple and abstract definition we propose applies to animals, plants, and single cells, highlighting connections across levels of organization. In the final section of the paper we explore some extensions of our approach and suggest directions for future research. Specifically, we discuss the classic concepts of conditioning and hormesis and review relevant work on cellular stress responses; show how control theory suggests the existence of fundamental trade-offs in the design of stress responses; and point to potential insights into the effects of novel environmental conditions, including those resulting from anthropogenic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Del Giudice
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 2001 Redondo Dr. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - C Loren Buck
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-0001, USA
| | - Lauren E Chaby
- Wayne State University, 42 W Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Conor C Taff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Maren N Vitousek
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Haruka Wada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Chaby LE, Karavidha K, Lisieski MJ, Perrine SA, Liberzon I. Cognitive Flexibility Training Improves Extinction Retention Memory and Enhances Cortical Dopamine With and Without Traumatic Stress Exposure. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:24. [PMID: 30881293 PMCID: PMC6406056 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure can cause lasting changes in cognition, but certain individual traits, such as cognitive flexibility, have been shown to reduce the degree, duration, or severity of cognitive changes following stress. Both stress and cognitive flexibility training affect decision making by modulating monoamine signaling. Here, we test the role cognitive flexibility training, and high vs. low cognitive flexibility at the individual level, in attenuating stress-induced changes in memory and monoamine levels using the single prolonged stress (SPS) rodent model of traumatic stress in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Exposure to SPS can heighten fear responses to conditioned cues (i.e., freezing) after a fear association has been extinguished, referred to as a deficit in extinction retention. This deficit is thought to reflect an impairment in context processing that is characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). During a cognitive flexibility training we assessed individual variability in cognitive skills and conditioned rats to discriminately use cues in their environment. We found that cognitive flexibility training, alone or followed by SPS exposure, accelerated extinction learning and decreased fear responses over time during extinction retention testing, compared with rats not given cognitive flexibility training. These findings suggest that cognitive flexibility training may improve context processing in individuals with and without traumatic stress exposure. Individual performance during the reversal phase of the cognitive flexibility training predicted subsequent context processing; individuals with high reversal performance exhibited a faster decrease in freezing responses during extinction retention testing. Thus, high reversal performance predicted enhanced retention of extinction learning over time and suggests that cognitive flexibility training may be a strategy to promote context processing. In a brain region vital for maintaining cognitive flexibility and fear suppression, the prelimbic cortex (PLC), cognitive flexibility training also lastingly enhanced dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) levels, in animals with and without traumatic stress exposure. In contrast, cognitive flexibility training prior to traumatic stress exposure decreased levels of DA and its metabolites in the striatum, a region mediating reflexive decision making. Overall, our results suggest that cognitive flexibility training can provide lasting benefits by enhancing extinction retention, a hallmark cognitive effect of trauma, and prelimbic DA, which can maintain flexibility across changing contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Chaby
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Klevis Karavidha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael J Lisieski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Chen CV, Chaby LE, Nazeer S, Liberzon I. Effects of Trauma in Adulthood and Adolescence on Fear Extinction and Extinction Retention: Advancing Animal Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:247. [PMID: 30429779 PMCID: PMC6220349 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for and against adolescent vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is mounting, but this evidence is largely qualitative, retrospective, or complicated by variation in prior stress exposure and trauma context. Here, we examine the effects of development on trauma vulnerability using adult post-natal (PN) day 61, early adolescent (PN23) and mid adolescence (PN34) rats and two types of trauma: an established animal model of PTSD, single prolonged stress (SPS), and a novel composite model—SPS predation (SPSp) version. We demonstrate that early and mid adolescent rats are capable of fear conditioning and fear extinction, as well as extinction retention. Our results also demonstrate that both types of trauma induced a deficit in the retention of fear extinction in adulthood, a hallmark of PTSD, but not after early or mid adolescence trauma, suggesting that adolescence might convey resilience to SPS and SPSp traumas. Across all three life stages, the effects of SPS exposure and a novel predation trauma model, SPSp, had similar effects on behavior suggesting that trauma type did not affect the likelihood of developing PTSD-like symptoms, and that SPSp is a predation-based trauma model worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh V Chen
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lauren E Chaby
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sahana Nazeer
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Chaby LE, Zhang L, Liberzon I. The effects of stress in early life and adolescence on posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety symptomatology in adulthood. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chaby LE. Why are there lasting effects from exposure to stress during development? An analysis of current models of early stress. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:164-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chaby LE, Sheriff MJ, Cavigelli SA, Hirrlinger AM, Lim J, Braithwaite VA. Stress During Adolescence Shapes Performance in Adulthood: Context-Dependent Effects on Foraging and Vigilance. Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Chaby
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science & Management; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Michael J. Sheriff
- Department of Ecosystem Science & Management; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Sonia A. Cavigelli
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Amy M. Hirrlinger
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - James Lim
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Victoria A. Braithwaite
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science & Management; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
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Chaby LE, Cavigelli SA, Hirrlinger AM, Lim J, Warg KM, Braithwaite VA. Chronic Stress During Adolescence Impairs and Improves Learning and Memory in Adulthood. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:327. [PMID: 26696849 PMCID: PMC4675857 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS This study tested the effects of adolescent-stress on adult learning and memory.Adolescent-stressed rats had enhanced reversal learning compared to unstressed rats.Adolescent-stress exposure made working memory more vulnerable to disturbance.Adolescent-stress did not affect adult associative learning or reference memory. Exposure to acute stress can cause a myriad of cognitive impairments, but whether negative experiences continue to hinder individual as they age is not as well understood. We determined how chronic unpredictable stress during adolescence affects multiple learning and memory processes in adulthood. Using male Sprague Dawley rats, we measured learning (both associative and reversal) and memory (both reference and working) starting 110 days after completion of an adolescent-stress treatment. We found that adolescent-stress affected adult cognitive abilities in a context-dependent way. Compared to rats reared without stress, adolescent-stressed rats exhibited enhanced reversal learning, an indicator of behavioral flexibility, but showed no change in associative learning and reference memory abilities. Working memory, which in humans is thought to underpin reasoning, mathematical skills, and reading comprehension, may be enhanced by exposure to adolescent-stress. However, when adolescent-stressed animals were tested after a novel disturbance, they exhibited a 5-fold decrease in working memory performance while unstressed rats continued to exhibit a linear learning curve. These results emphasize the capacity for stress during adolescence to transform the cognitive abilities of adult animals, even after stress exposure has ceased and animals have resided in safe environments for the majority of their lifespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Chaby
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA ; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA ; Institute of the Neurosciences, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sonia A Cavigelli
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA ; Institute of the Neurosciences, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
| | - Amy M Hirrlinger
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
| | - James Lim
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kendall M Warg
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
| | - Victoria A Braithwaite
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA ; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA ; Institute of the Neurosciences, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA ; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
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Chaby LE, Sheriff MJ, Hirrlinger AM, Braithwaite VA. Can we understand how developmental stress enhances performance under future threat with the Yerkes-Dodson law? Commun Integr Biol 2015; 8:e1029689. [PMID: 26479861 PMCID: PMC4594369 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2015.1029689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we have shown that adult rats exposed to chronic stress during adolescence increase foraging performance in high-threat conditions by 43% compared to rats reared without stress. Our findings suggest that stress during adolescence can prepare rats to better function under future threat, which supports hypotheses describing an adaptive role for the long-term consequences of early stress (e.g. the thrifty phenotype and maternal mismatch hypotheses). These hypotheses often predict that early stress will impair performance in low-threat conditions later in life. However, we did not find any difference in performance under low-threat conditions between adolescent-stressed and unstressed adult animals. To understand why stress during adolescence may affect performance in high-threat but not in low-threat conditions, we discuss our findings in the framework of the Yerkes-Dodson law, a key precept of psychology that has been used for over a century to describe how stress affects performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Chaby
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University ; University Park, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Sheriff
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University ; University Park, PA, USA
| | - Amy M Hirrlinger
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University ; University Park, PA, USA
| | - Victoria A Braithwaite
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University ; University Park, PA, USA ; Department of Ecosystem Science & Management; Pennsylvania State University ; University Park, PA, USA ; Department of Biology; Pennsylvania State University ; University Park, PA, USA
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Chaby LE, Sheriff MJ, Hirrlinger AM, Braithwaite VA. Does early stress prepare individuals for a stressful future? Stress during adolescence improves foraging under threat. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chaby LE, Cavigelli SA, Hirrlinger AM, Caruso MJ, Braithwaite VA. Chronic unpredictable stress during adolescence causes long-term anxiety. Behav Brain Res 2014; 278:492-5. [PMID: 25448433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stress during adolescence can cause long-term changes in behavior and cognition. Anxiety diagnoses rise during adolescence and are increased by adverse experiences. Currently, it is unknown how long stress during adolescence alters anxiety in adulthood. We found that rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress during adolescence expressed altered behavior 6.5 months later; showing increased anxiety in a feeding test in a novel environment. Although behavioral changes indicative of anxiety were detected in late adulthood, the basal levels of fecal corticoid metabolites in prior-stressed rats did not differ from unstressed, control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Chaby
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Ecosystem Science & Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - S A Cavigelli
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - A M Hirrlinger
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - M J Caruso
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - V A Braithwaite
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Ecosystem Science & Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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Chaby LE, Cavigelli SA, White A, Wang K, Braithwaite VA. Long-term changes in cognitive bias and coping response as a result of chronic unpredictable stress during adolescence. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:328. [PMID: 23847501 PMCID: PMC3701140 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals that experience adverse events in early life often have life-long changes to their physiology and behavior. Long-term effects of stress during early life have been studied extensively, but less attention has been given to the consequences of negative experiences solely during the adolescent phase. Adolescence is a particularly sensitive period of life when regulation of the glucocorticoid “stress” hormone response matures and specific regions in the brain undergo considerable change. Aversive experiences during this time might, therefore, be expected to generate long-term consequences for the adult phenotype. Here we investigated the long-term effects of exposure to chronic unpredictable stress during adolescence on adult decision-making, coping response, cognitive bias, and exploratory behavior in rats. Rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (e.g., isolation, crowding, cage tilt) were compared to control animals that were maintained in standard, predictable conditions throughout development. Unpredictable stress during adolescence resulted in a suite of long-term behavioral and cognitive changes including a negative cognitive bias [F(1, 12) = 5.000, P < 0.05], altered coping response [T(1, 14) = 2.216, P = 0.04], and accelerated decision-making [T(1, 14) = 3.245, P = 0.01]. Exposure to chronic stress during adolescence also caused a short-term increase in boldness behaviors; in a novel object test 15 days after the last stressor, animals exposed to chronic unpredictable stress had decreased latencies to leave a familiar shelter and approach a novel object [T(1, 14) = 2.240, P = 0.04; T(1, 14) = 2.419, P = 0.03, respectively]. The results showed that stress during adolescence has long-term impacts on behavior and cognition that affect the interpretation of ambiguous stimuli, behavioral response to adverse events, and how animals make decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Chaby
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA, USA ; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA, USA
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